Богатиков А.Н., Красицкий В.А., Лапков К.Н. и др. Сборник задач, вопросов и упражнений по общей неорганической химии

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jZ\gZ c(:) = c

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∆

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2. DZdb_nZdlhju\ebyxlgZkdhjhklvobfbq_kdhcj_Zdpbb"

3. DZd kdhjhklv obfbq_kdhc j_Zdpbb aZ\bkbl hl dhgp_gljZpbc j_Z

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^eyke_^mxsboj_Zdpbc

ZNOCl

= 2NO + Cl ;

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O + 3H = 2Fe + 3H

O .

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7. DZd\eby_lih\ur_gb_ihgb`_gb_l_fi_jZlmjugZkdhjhklvob

fbq_kdhcj_Zdpbb"

8. QlhlZdh_l_fi_jZlmjgucdhwnnbpb_glkdhjhklbobfbq_kdhcj_

Zdpbb"

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\hajZklZ_lgZfgh]hkbevg__q_fqbkehklhedgh\_gbcfhe_dme"

10. DZdb_fhe_dmeugZau\ZxlkyZdlb\gufb"

11. QlhlZdh_wg_j]byZdlb\ZpbbbZdlb\bjh\Zggucdhfie_dk"

12. DZdh\hkhhlghr_gb_\_ebqbgwg_j]bbobfbq_kdbok\ya_c\j_Z]b

jmxsbofhe_dmeZobwg_j]bbZdlb\Zpbbj_Zdpbb"

13. Ijb\_^bl_wg_j]_lbq_kdmx^bZ]jZffmkhhlghr_gbywg_j]bbZdlb

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14. DZd \eby_l\_ebqbgZwg_j]bb Zdlb\ZpbbgZ kdhjhklv obfbq_kdhc

j_Zdpbb"

15. <hafh`guebj_Zdpbbkwg_j]b_cZdlb\ZpbbjZ\ghcgmex"

16. DZdh\Z \aZbfhk\yav f_`^m dhgklZglhc kdhjhklb j_Zdpbb b __

wg_j]b_cZdlb\Zpbb"

17. DZdh\h \ebygb_ \_ebqbgu wg_j]bb Zdlb\Zpbb gZ l_fi_jZlmjguc

dhwnnbpb_glkdhjhklbj_Zdpbb"

18. DZdb_\_s_kl\ZgZau\ZxlkydZlZebaZlhjZfb"

19. <q_faZdexqZ_lkymkdhjyxs__^_ckl\b_dZlZebaZlhjZ"

20. DZdh\h\ebygb_dZlZebaZlhjZgZ\_ebqbgmwg_j]bbZdlb\Zpbbob

fbq_kdhc j_Zdpbb" Ihykgbl_ k bkihevah\Zgb_f wg_j]_lbq_kdhc

^bZ]jZffu

21. GZ ijZdlbq_kdhf ijbf_j_ h[tykgbl_ kmsghklv l_hjbb ijhf_`m

lhqguoijh^mdlh\

22. <q_fkhklhblhkh[_gghklvn_jf_glZlb\guoj_Zdpbc"

AZ^Zqb^eyj_r_gby

128. GZibrbl_fZl_fZlbq_kdb_\ujZ`_gbyaZdhgZ^_ckl\mxsbofZkk

^eyj_Zdpbcb^msboihko_fZf

Z:

+ 2< ::< ; \: + < ::

< ;

[:

+ < ::< ; ]: + < :D + E .

129. JZkkqblZcl_dZdbaf_gblkykdhjhklvj_Zdpbb

+ < :K _keb

Zm\_ebqblvdhgp_gljZpbx\_s_kl\Z:\jZaZ

[m\_ebqblvdhgp_gljZpbx\_s_kl\Z<\jZaZ

\m\_ebqblv^Z\e_gb_\kbkl_f_\^\ZjZaZ

]m\_ebqblvh[t_fkbkl_fu\^\ZjZaZ"

130. GZqZevgu_dhgp_gljZpbbj_Z]_glh\jZ\guk

(: fheveb

(< fheveJZkkqblZcl_dZdbaf_gblkykdhjhklvj_Zdpbb

+ < :D ihkjZ\g_gbxki_j\hgZqZevghc\lhlfhf_gl

dh]^Zijhj_Z]bjm_l\_s_kl\Z<

131. <khkm^h[t_fhfe\\_eb]H

b]NOJZkkqblZcl_dZd

baf_gblkykdhjhklvj_ZdpbbNO

H :NO ihkjZ\g_gbxk

i_j\hgZqZevghc\lhlfhf_gldh]^Zijhj_Z]bjm_lNO.

132. L_fi_jZlmjguc dhwnnbpb_gl kdhjhklb j_Zdpbb jZ\_g  JZk

kqblZcl_ dZd baf_gblky kdhjhklv j_Zdpbb _keb Z m\_ebqblv

l_fi_jZlmjm\kbkl_f_k

K^h K[mf_gvrblvl_fi_jZlm

jm\kbkl_f_k

K^h K"

133. Ijbih\ur_gbbl_fi_jZlmjugZ

Kkdhjhklvj_Zdpbb\hajZk

lZ_l\jZaZHij_^_ebl_l_fi_jZlmjgucdhwnnbpb_glkdhjh

klbj_Zdpbb

134. Ijbmf_gvr_gbbl_fi_jZlmjuk

K^h Kkdhjhklvj_Zdpbb

mf_gvrbeZkv\jZaHij_^_ebl_l_fi_jZlmjgucdhwnnbpb_gl

kdhjhklbj_Zdpbb

135. GZkdhevdh]jZ^mkh\g_h[oh^bfhbaf_gblvl_fi_jZlmjm\kbkl_

f_qlh[ukdhjhklvj_Zdpbbm\_ebqbeZkv\jZa_kebl_fi_jZ

lmjgucdhwnnbpb_gljZ\_g"

136. <dZdmxklhjhgmkf_klblkyjZ\gh\_kb_\kbkl_fZo

Z+

+I <+I ; ¨H

= –d>`

[1

H <12 ; ¨H

d>`

\KH

H <KH ; ¨H

= –d>`

]G

H <G

H ; ¨H

= –d>`

–ijbm\_ebq_gbb^Z\e_gby

–ijbm\_ebq_gbbh[t_fZkbkl_fu

–ijbhoeZ`^_gbbkbkl_fu

137. GZibrbl_ fZl_fZlbq_kdh_ \ujZ`_gb_ dhgklZglu jZ\gh\_kby \

kbkl_f_

Z1

H <12 ;

[) CH

COOH

( )

<+

( )

+ CH

COO

( )

;

\&X2

G <&X G

H ;

]12

H <12 ;

^>$J&1

]

–

<$J

+ 2CN

–

138. KlZg^ZjlgZy wglZeviby h[jZah\Zgby3&O

 jZ\gZ d>`fhev

DZdb_ mkeh\by g_h[oh^bfh kha^Z\Zlv ^ey m\_ebq_gby ijZdlbq_

kdh]h\uoh^Z3&O

ijb_]hkbgl_a_baijhkluo\_s_kl\"

139. Obfbq_kdh_jZ\gh\_kb_12

H <12 mklZgh\behkvijb

dhgp_gljZpbyo hdkb^Z ZahlZ ,, dbkehjh^Z b hdkb^Z ZahlZ ,9

jZ\guo khhl\_lkl\_ggh   b  fheve <uqbkebl_ dhg

klZglm jZ\gh\_kby b bkoh^gu_ dhgp_gljZpbb hdkb^Z ZahlZ ,, b

dbkehjh^Z_keb\bkoh^ghckbkl_f_hdkb^ZahlZ,9hlkmlkl\h\Ze

140. <uqbkebl_dhgklZglmjZ\gh\_kbyj_Zdpbb1

O <12 _keb

gZqZevgZydhgp_gljZpby1

[ueZfheveZdfhf_glmgZ

klmie_gbyjZ\gh\_kbyijh^bkkhpbbjh\Zeh1

141. DZd baf_gblky ^Z\e_gb_ \ kbkl_f_ N

+ 3H <NH  _keb

gZqZevgu_dhgp_gljZpbbZahlZb\h^hjh^Z\kbkl_f_[uebkhhl

\_lkl\_gghjZ\gubfheveZdfhf_glmgZklmie_gbyjZ\

gh\_kbyijhj_Z]bjh\ZehZahlZ"Hij_^_ebl_dhgklZglmjZ\

gh\_kby\^Zgghckbkl_f_ijbwlbomkeh\byo

142. DhgklZglZjZ\gh\_kby]hfh]_gghckbkl_fu1

+ 3H <1+

ijbl_fi_jZlmj_

KjZ\gZJZ\gh\_kgu_dhgp_gljZpbb\h

^hjh^ZbZffbZdZkhhl\_lkl\_gghjZ\gubfheve<uqbk

ebl_jZ\gh\_kgmxbgZqZevgmxdhgp_gljZpbbZahlZ_keb\bkoh^

ghckbkl_f_ZffbZdhlkmlkl\h\Ze

143. Ijb

KdhgklZglZjZ\gh\_kbykbkl_fu)H2 + CO <)H

+ CO

 jZ\gZ  <uqbkebl_ jZ\gh\_kgu_ dhgp_gljZpbb KH b

_kebbogZqZevgu_dhgp_gljZpbbjZ\gukhhl\_lkl\_ggh

bfheve

144. DhgklZglZjZ\gh\_kbyKH

G <KH G

H jZ\gZ_^bgb

p_Hij_^_eblvkdhevdhijhp_glh\KH

ih^\_j]g_lkyij_\jZs_

gbx\KH_kebkf_rZlvfhevKH

bfhevG

145. DhgklZglZjZ\gh\_kbyKH

G <KH G

H jZ\gZ_^bgb

p_ Hij_^_eblv \ dZdbo h[t_fguo hlghr_gbyo [ueb kf_rZgu

 b G

 _keb d fhf_glm gZklmie_gby jZ\gh\_kby \ j_Zdpbx

\klmibehi_j\hgZqZevgh]hdhebq_kl\Z\h^hjh^Z"

146. >ey j_Zdpbb G

+ Br <+%U  ijb g_dhlhjhc l_fi_jZlmj_

dhgklZglZ jZ\gh\_kby jZ\gZ  Hij_^_eblv h[t_fguc khklZ\

jZ\gh\_kghckbkl_fu_kebbkoh^gZykf_kvkhklhyeZbafhev

\h^hjh^Zbfhev[jhfZ

147. < aZfdgmlhf khkm^_ ijhl_dZ_l j_Zdpby :<

< : <  Dhg

klZglZjZ\gh\_kbyjZ\gZZjZ\gh\_kgZydhgp_gljZpby\_s_

kl\Z:jZ\gZfheveGZc^bl_gZqZevgmxdhgp_gljZpbx\_

s_kl\Z:<ZlZd`_kl_i_gvjZaeh`_gbywlh]h\_s_kl\Z

148. Hij_^_ebl_dhgklZglmjZ\gh\_kbyj_Zdpbb12

<1

O ijb

Kbkoh^ybabaf_g_gbybah[Zjgh-bahl_jfbq_kdh]hihl_gpbZ

eZkbkl_fu\j_amevlZl_j_Zdpbb¨G

298

 d>`fhev

¨G

298

(NO

 d>`fhev

=  E  :  <  : 9

DHEBQ?KL<?GGUCKHKL:<J:KL<HJH<

JZkl\hjhf

gZau\Zxl ]hfh]_ggmx kbkl_fm i_j_f_ggh]h khklZ

\Z khklhysmx ba ^\mo beb [he__ \_s_kl\ <_s_kl\Z khklZ\eyxsb_

jZkl\hjgZau\Zxldhfihg_glZfbjZkl\hjZJZkl\hju[u\Zxl]Zahh[

jZagu_`b^db_bl\_j^u_

>ey[bheh]bbbf_^bpbgugZb[hevrbcbgl_j_kij_^klZ\eyxl`b^

db_\h^gu_jZkl\hjuEx[hcjZkl\hjkhklhblbajZkl\hj_gguo\_s_kl\b

jZkl\hjbl_ey ohly wlb ihgylby \ ba\_klghc kl_i_gb mkeh\gu H[uqgh

jZkl\hjbl_e_fkqblZxl lhl dhfihg_gl dhlhjuc \ jZkl\hj_gZoh^blky\

lhf`_\b^_qlhb^hjZkl\hj_gbyGZijbf_j\\h^ghfjZkl\hj_]exdhau

l\_j^h_ \_s_kl\h jZkl\hjbl_e_f y\ey_lky \h^Z Z kf_kv kibjlZ`b^

dhklv b \h^u`b^dhklv fh`gh gZa\Zlv \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl dhebq_kl\Z

dhfihg_glZjZkl\hjhfkibjlZ\\h^_beb\h^u\kibjl_

<jZkl\hjZowe_dljheblh\\g_aZ\bkbfhklbhlkhhlghr_gbydhf

ihg_glh\b boZ]j_]Zlgh]hkhklhygbywe_dljheblu\k_]^ZjZkkfZljb

\ZxlkydZdjZkl\hj_ggu_\_s_kl\Z

K\hckl\Z jZkl\hjZ hij_^_eyxlky dZq_kl\_gguf b dhebq_kl\_g

guf khklZ\hf jZkl\hjZ GZijZdlbd_ dhebq_kl\_gguckhklZ\ jZkl\h

jh\ \ujZ`Zxl ijb ihfhsb ke_^mxsbo \_ebqbg Z

[_ajZaf_jguo

–

fZkkh\Zy h[t_fgZy b fheyjgZy ^heb [

jZaf_jguo

– fZkkh\Zy dhg

p_gljZpby \_s_kl\Z fheyjgZy dhgp_gljZpby \_s_kl\Z fheyjgZy

dhgp_gljZpbywd\b\Ze_glZ\_s_kl\Zbfheyevghklv

FZkkh\Zy^heyjZkl\hj_ggh]h\_s_kl\ZZ-^m[ev-\w

\ujZ`Z_l

ky\^heyo_^bgbpuijhp_glZoijhfbee_ÅlukyqgZyqZklvb\

fbeebhgguo^heyofegØ

FZkkh\Zy^heyqbke_gghjZ\gZhlghr_gbx

fZkkujZkl\hj_ggh]h\_s_kl\Zm

dh[s_cfZkk_jZkl\hjZ

100

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−

H[t_fgZy^heyjZkl\hj_ggh]h\_s_kl\Z

–nb

\ujZ`Z_lky\

^heyo_^bgbpubebijhp_glZobqbke_gghjZ\gZhlghr_gbxh[t

_fZ`b^dh]hbeb]Zahh[jZagh]h\_s_kl\ZV

dh[s_fmh[t_fmjZkl\h

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>ey jZkl\hjh\ kibjlZ ijbgylhh[t_fguc ijhp_gl h[hagZqZlv

dZd

GZijbf_j_kebfZkkh\Zy^hey+&O \jZkl\hj_lhwlhagZ

qblqlh\]jZkl\hjZkh^_j`blky]+&Ob]jZkl\hjbl_ey?k

eb h[t_fgZy ^hey2

 \ \ha^mo_ khklZ\ey_l  

–

 wlh agZqbl qlh \

100

e\ha^moZkh^_j`blkyedbkehjh^Zbl^

FheyjgZy^heyjZkl\hj_ggh]h\_s_kl\Z

–ob

)\ujZ`Z_lky\

^heyo_^bgbpu bebijhp_glZobqbke_gghjZ\gZhlghr_gbxob

fbq_kdh]hdhebq_kl\ZjZkl\hj_ggh]h\_s_kl\Zn

dkmffZjghfmqbkem

fhev\k_odhfihg_glh\jZkl\hjZn

100

)

(

)

(

⋅=

∑

FZkkh\Zydhgp_gljZpby\_s_kl\Z7

)

, beb

lblj

\ujZ`Z_lky

\ d]^f

 ]kf

 ]e ]fe f]fe Qbke_ggh jZ\gZ hlghr_gbx fZkku

jZkl\hj_ggh]h\_s_kl\ZX)dh[t_fmjZkl\hjZV

)

jZj

(

)

(

)

(

−

< debgbq_kdhc ijZdlbd_ g_j_^dh \ujZ`Zxl fZkkh\mx dhgp_g

ljZpbxbhgh\\fbeeb]jZffZogZfejZkl\hjZf]

FheyjgZy dhgp_gljZpby \_s_kl\Z k

(

)

 \ujZ`Z_lky \ fheve

fhev^f

fhevkf

fhevfeQbke_gghjZ\gZhlghr_gbxobfbq_kdh]h

dhebq_kl\ZjZkl\hj_ggh]h\_s_kl\ZX)dh[t_fmjZkl\hjZV:

)

jZj

(

)

(

)

(

−

FheyjgZydhgp_gljZpbywd\b\Ze_glZ\_s_kl\Zwd\b\Ze_gl

gZy dhgp_gljZpby













)

(

 \ujZ`Z_lky \ fheve fhev^f

fhevkf

fhevfe Qbke_gghjZ\gZhlghr_gbxobfbq_kdh]hdhebq_

kl\Zwd\b\Ze_glZjZkl\hj_ggh]h\_s_kl\Z













)

(

dh[t_fmjZkl\hjZ

)

jZj

(

)

(

)

(

−

























Fheyevghklv jZkl\hjZE;

fhevd] qbke_ggh jZ\gZ hlghr_

gbxobfbq_kdh]hdhebq_kl\ZjZkl\hj_ggh]h\_s_kl\ZXdfZkk_jZk

l\hjbl_eymd]

)

eyj

(

)

(

)

(

−

Dhwnnbpb_gl jZkl\hjbfhklb \_s_kl\Z s

– fZdkbfZevgZy

fZkkZ \_s_kl\Z kihkh[gZy jZkl\hjblvky \  ] \h^u ijb ^Zgghc

l_fi_jZlmj_ k h[jZah\Zgb_f gZkus_ggh]h jZkl\hjZ

 JZkl\hjbfh

klvx

lZd`_gZau\Zxlfheyjgmxdhgp_gljZpbx\_s_kl\Z\_]hgZ

kus_gghfjZkl\hj_

Ijbf_j

DZdb_h[t_fu\h^ubjZkl\hjZ%D&O

kfZkkh\hc^he_c

kheb   b iehlghklvx  ]fe ihlj_[mxlky ^ey ijb]hlh\e_gby

gh\h]h jZkl\hjZ h[t_fhfe k fZkkh\hc ^he_c kheb jZ\ghcb

iehlghklvx]fe"

J_r_gb_

Z<uqbkebffZkkmihemq_ggh]hjZkl\hjZh[t_fhfemj-jZ

= 1000

⋅

 ]

[<uqbkebffZkkm%D&O

\ihemq_gghfjZkl\hj_m(BaCl

\]jZkl\hjZkh^_j`blky ]\_s_kl\Z%D&O

\]

−

x ] (BaCl

1012

100

x ]

<uqbkebffZkkmbkoh^gh]hjZkl\hjZkh^_j`Zs_]h]oehjb

^Z[Zjby \]jZkl\hjZkh^_j`blky ]%D&O

\y ]

−

]%D&O

y ]

<uqbkebfh[t_fbkoh^gh]hjZkl\hjZfZkkhc]

Vj-jZ 

)

jZj

(

)

jZj

(

−

09,1

202

 fe

FZkkZ ^h[Z\e_gghc \h^u khklZ\beZ m(H

O) = mj-jZ

−

mj-jZ

BaCl

) = 1012

−

 ]ldiehlghklv\h^uijbdhfgZlghcl_f

i_jZlmj_[ebadZd_^bgbp_lh

810

)

(

)

(

)

(

Ijbf_j

GZc^bl_ fZkkm \h^u b f_^gh]h dmihjhkZ&X62

O), g_h[oh^bfu_^eyijb]hlh\e_gbyjZkl\hjZh[t_fhfekfZk

kh\hc ^he_c CuSO

 jZ\ghcb iehlghklvx lZdh]h jZkl\hjZ

1,084 ]kf

J_r_gb_

FZkkZihemq_ggh]hjZkl\hjZ[m^_lkhklZ\eylv

mj-jZ Vj-jZ

⋅

j-jZ 

⋅

 ]

<uqbkebffZkkm&X62

\wlhfjZkl\hj_

m(CuSO

) = w(CuSO

)

⋅

mj-jZ= 0,08

⋅

108 ]

<uqbkebffZkkmf_^gh]hdmihjhkZkh^_j`Zs_]h]&X62

M(CuSO

⋅

O) = 160 + 90 = ]fhev

\]dmihjhkZkh^_j`blky ]&X62

x ] – ]&X62

, x =]

FZkkZ\h^ukhklZ\blm(H

O) = 1084

−

 ]

Ijbf_j

 DZdb_ h[t_fu jZkl\hjZ k_jghc dbkehlu k fZkkh\hc

^he_ciehlghklvx]feb\h^ug_h[oh^bfh\aylv^eyijb

]hlh\e_gbyjZkl\hjZ+

h[t_fhffekfZkkh\hc^he_cb

iehlghklvx]kf

J_r_gb_

GZc^_ffZkkmfejZkl\hjZ

=−

⋅−=−

)

jZj

(

)

jZj

(

)

jZj

(

100

⋅

 ]