Богатиков А.Н., Красицкий В.А., Лапков К.Н. и др. Сборник задач, вопросов и упражнений по общей неорганической химии
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35. <]Zahf_lj_gZ^\h^hcijbl_fi_jZlmj_
Kb^Z\e_gbbIZ
gZoh^blkydbkehjh^h[t_fhfeDZdhch[t_f\h^hjh^Zg m
ijhj_Z]bjm_lkdbkehjh^hfba]Zahf_ljZ_keb^Z\e_gb_gZkus_g
gh]h\h^ygh]hiZjZijb
KjZ\ghIZ"
36. <khkm^_h[t_fhfe[ueZijb]hlh\e_gZkf_kvbaZahlZh[t_fhf
egZoh^b\r_]hkyih^^Z\e_gb_fdIZbdbkehjh^Zh[t_fhf
eIh^dZdbf^Z\e_gb_fgZoh^bekydbkehjh^^hijb]hlh\e_gby
kf_kb_keb__h[s__^Z\e_gb_jZ\ghdIZ"
37. G_ba\_klgucf_lZeejZkl\hjbeb\ba[uld_kheyghcdbkehlu\j_
amevlZl_ q_]h h[jZah\ZeZkv khev fZkkhc ] b \u^_ebeky ]Za
h[t_fdhlhjh]hijbl_fi_jZlmj_
Kb^Z\e_gbbdIZkhklZ
\beeHij_^_eblvf_lZeeb\uqbkeblvagZq_gb__]hfZkku
38. F_lZee fZkkhc] \ul_kgbebajZkl\hjZk_jghcdbkehlu\h^h
jh^h[t_fhfekh[jZggucgZ^\h^hcijbl_fi_jZlmj_
K
b^Z\e_gbbdIZ<uqbkeblvagZq_gb_fZkkuh[jZah\Z\r_cky
ijb wlhf kheb _keb ^Z\e_gb_ gZkus_ggh]h \h^ygh]h iZjZ ijb
mdZaZgghcl_fi_jZlmj_jZ\ghdIZ
39. F_lZeefZkkhc]\ul_kgbebajZkl\hjZdbkehlu\h^hjh^h[t_-
fhffekh[jZggucgZ^\h^hcijbl_fi_jZlmj_
Kb^Z\e_gbb
dIZ Hij_^_eblv bkoh^guc f_lZee _keb ^Z\e_gb_ gZ-
kus_ggh]h\h^ygh]hiZjZijbmdZaZgghcl_fi_jZlmj_jZ\ghdIZ
40. JZkkqblZlv agZq_gb_ fheyjghc fZkku wd\b\Ze_glZ f_lZeeZ b
hij_^_eblvf_lZee_keb_]hfZkkh\Zy^hey\hdkb^_jZ\gZ
41. G_ba\_klguc f_lZee fZkkhc ] h[jZam_l oehjb^ fZkkhc
24,75 ]<uqbkeblvfZkkm^Zggh]hf_lZeeZg_h[oh^bfh]h^eyih
emq_gby\h^hjh^Zh[t_fhfeijbl_fi_jZlmj_
Kb^Z\e_
gbbdIZ
28
42. GZ\hkklZgh\e_gb_hdkb^Zg_dhlhjh]hf_lZeeZfZkkhc]aZljZ
q_g \h^hjh^ h[t_f dhlhjh]h ijb l_fi_jZlmj_
K b ^Z\e_gbb
dIZjZ\_gfe<uqbkeblvagZq_gb_fheyjghcfZkkuwd
\b\Ze_glZf_lZeeZbhij_^_eblvf_lZee
43. Hdkb^ g_ba\_klgh]hf_lZeeZ fZkkhc ] ij_\jZlbeb \ kmevnZl
wlh]h`_f_lZeeZfZkkhc]JZkkqblZlvfZkkmoehjb^Zf_lZe
eZdhlhjucfh`ghihemqblvbabkoh^gh]hhdkb^ZfZkkhc]
44. Hij_^_eblv wd\b\Ze_gl jZkkqblZlv agZq_gby fheyjghc fZkku b
fheyjgh]h h[t_fZ wd\b\Ze_glZg m k_jh\h^hjh^Z \ dZ`^hc ba
j_Zdpbc
Z) 2H
2
S + (CuOH)
2
SO
4
= 2CuS + H
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O;
[) 2H
2
S + O
2
= 2H
2
O + 2S;
\) 2H
2
S + 3O
2
= 2H
2
O + 2SO
2
;
]) H
2
6G
2
SO
4
= 4H
2
O + 4SO
2
45.
Hij_^_eblv wd\b\Ze_gl b jZkkqblZlv agZq_gb_ fheyjghc fZkku
wd\b\Ze_glZkmevnZlZZexfbgby\dZ`^hcbaj_Zdpbc
Z
) Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 12KOH = 2K
3
[Al(OH)
6
] + 3K
2
SO
4
;
[
) Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ Al(OH)
3
= 3Al(OH)SO
4
;
\
) Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 2KOH = 2Al(OH)SO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
.
46.
JZkkqblZlv agZq_gb_ obfbq_kdh]h dhebq_kl\Z wd\b\Ze_glZ nhk
nhjghcdbkehlu\dZ`^hcbaj_Zdpbc_keb__fZkkZ\dZ`^hfkem
qZ_jZ\gZ]
Z
) 4H
3
PO
4
+ Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
= 3Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
;
[
) 2H
3
PO
4
+ (CaOH)
3
PO
4
= 3CaHPO
4
+ 3H
2
O.
47.
>ey hkZ`^_gby \k_]h oehjZ kh^_j`Z\r_]hky \ oehjb^_ f_lZeeZ
fZkkhc]bajZkoh^h\ZggbljZl k_j_[jZfZkkhc]<u
qbkeblvagZq_gb_fheyjghcfZkkuwd\b\Ze_glZf_lZeeZbhij_^_
eblv^Zggucf_lZee
48.
G_ba\_klgucf_lZeefZkkhc]\ul_kgy_lbajZkl\hjZdbkeh
lu\h^hjh^h[t_fhfegmWlhl`_f_lZeelZdhc`_fZk
kuiheghklvxj_Z]bjm_lkkhevxk\bgpZfZkkhc]Hij_^_
eblv g_ba\_klgucf_lZee b\uqbkeblv agZq_gb_fheyjghcfZkku
wd\b\Ze_glZkhebk\bgpZ
49.
Ijb ijhimkdZgbb k_jh\h^hjh^Z q_j_a jZkl\hj kh^_j`Zsbc oeh
jb^ g_ba\_klgh]h f_lZeeZ fZkkhc ] h[jZah\Zeky hkZ^hd
kmevnb^Z wlh]h `_ f_lZeeZ fZkkhc ] Hij_^_eblv g_ba\_kl
gucf_lZeeb\uqbkeblvagZq_gb_h[t_fZgmijhj_Z]bjh\Z\r_
]hk_jh\h^hjh^Z
50.
JZkkqblZlvagZq_gb_fZkkuZexfbgbyg_h[oh^bfh]h^eyihegh]h
\ul_kg_gbyjlmlbbajZkl\hjZ\dhlhjhfobfbq_kdh_dhebq_kl\h
wd\b\Ze_glZgbljZlZjlmlb
I
jZ\ghfhev
29
51. Ijbk]hjZgbbf_lZeeZfZkkhc]h[jZah\Zekyhdkb^wlh]hf_
lZeeZ fZkkhc ] Hij_^_eblv kl_i_gv hdbke_gby f_lZeeZ \
ihemq_gghfhdkb^_
52. G_ba\_klgucf_lZeefZkkhc]kh_^bgy_lkykdbkehjh^hffZk
khc]Lhl`_f_lZeefZkkhc]kh_^bgy_lkykh^gbfba]Zeh]_
gh\fZkkhc]Hij_^_eblvobfbq_kdb_nhjfmeuh[jZamxsboky
ijbwlhfhdkb^Zb]Zeh]_gb^Z
53. < j_amevlZl_ \aZbfh^_ckl\by hdkb^Z f_lZeeZ k k_jghc dbkehlhc
h[jZah\Zebkvkj_^gyykhevfZkkhc]b\h^ZfZkkhc]Hi
j_^_eblvfZkkmgbljZlZf_lZeeZdhlhjucfh`ghihemqblvbabk
oh^gh]hhdkb^ZfZkkhc]
54. F_lZee fheyjgZy fZkkZwd\b\Ze_glZ dhlhjh]hjZ\gZ ]fhev
\ul_kgbe ba jZkl\hjZ k_jghc dbkehlu \h^hjh^ h[t_fhf fe
g m<uqbkeblvfZkkmf_lZeeZ\klmib\r_]h\j_ZdpbxbfZkkm
h[jZah\Z\r_ckykheb
55. FheyjgZyfZkkZwd\b\Ze_glZg_dhlhjh]hwe_f_glZjZ\gZ ]fhev
<uqbkebl_
Z agZq_gb_fZkkh\hc^hebdbkehjh^Z\hdkb^_wlh]hwe_f_glZ
[ agZq_gb_h[t_fZ\h^hjh^Zgmg_h[oh^bfh]h^ey\hkklZgh\-
e_gbymdZaZggh]hhdkb^ZfZkkhc]
56. FZkkh\u_ ^heb]Zeh]_gZ \]Zeh]_gb^_ f_lZeeZbdbkehjh^Z\hd
kb^_lh]h`_f_lZeeZjZ\gukhhl\_lkl\_gghbHi
j_^_eblvobfbq_kdmxnhjfmem]Zeh]_gb^Zf_lZeeZ
57. G_ba\_klgucf_lZee:fZkkhc]\ul_kgbebajZkl\hjZkhebf_
lZee;fZkkhc]dhlhjuc\k\hxhq_j_^v\ul_kgbebajZk
l\hjZ dbkehlu \h^hjh^ h[t_fhf e ijb l_fi_jZlmj_
K b
^Z\e_gbbdIZHij_^_eblvf_lZeeu:b;
58. Hij_^_eblv ijhkl_crmx nhjfmem \_s_kl\Z \ khklZ\ dhlhjh]h
\oh^ylgZljbck_jZbdbkehjh^
59. Hij_^_eblvijhkl_crmxnhjfmem\_s_kl\ZijbiheghfjZaeh`_
gbbdhlhjh]hh[jZah\ZebkvZffbZdfZkkhc]\h^ZfZkkhc]
bm]e_dbkeuc]Zah[t_fhfegm
60. G_ba\_klgh_hj]Zgbq_kdh_\_s_kl\hfZkkhc]kh`]eb\dbkehjh^_
b ihemqbeb m]e_dbkeuc ]Za h[t_fhf eg m b \h^m fZkkhc
]Hij_^_eblvfhe_dmeyjgmxnhjfmembkoh^gh]h\_s_kl\Z_k
ebhlghkbl_evgZyiehlghklv_]hiZjh\ih\h^hjh^mjZ\gZ
61. Ijb iheghf k]hjZgbb g_ba\_klgh]h \_s_kl\Z fZkkhc] \ db
kehjh^_[uebihemq_gum]e_dbkeuc]ZafZkkhc]\h^ZfZkkhc
] b Zahl h[t_fhf eg m Hij_^_eblv fhe_dmeyjgmx
nhjfmem \_s_kl\Z _keb hlghkbl_evgZy iehlghklv _]h iZjh\ ih
\ha^momjZ\gZ
30
62. H^ghba\h^hjh^guokh_^bg_gbcZahlZkh`]eb\dbkehjh^_bih
emqbeb\h^mfZkkZdhlhjhc\jZaZ[hevr_fZkkuh[jZah\Z\
r_]hkyijbwlhf ZahlZHij_^_eblv ijhkl_crmxnhjfmem bkoh^
gh]h\_s_kl\Z
63. Ijb l_jfbq_kdhf jZaeh`_gbb h^gh]h ba hdkb^h\ fZj]ZgpZ [ueb
ihemq_gu hdkb^ fZj]ZgpZMn
3
O
4
fZkkhc ]b dbkehjh^ h[t_
fhf eg m Hij_^_eblv ijhkl_crmx nhjfmem bkoh^gh]h
hdkb^Z
64. Iehlghklv]Zahh[jZagh]h[hjh\h^hjh^Zqbke_gghjZ\gZiehlghklb
ZahlZbaf_j_gu ijb h^bgZdh\uo mkeh\byo Hij_^_eblv _]h ob
fbq_kdmxnhjfmem_kebfZkkh\Zy^hey[hjZ\g_fjZ\gZ
65. < hj]Zgbq_kdhf \_s_kl\_ fZkkh\u_ ^heb we_f_glh\ khklZ\eyxl
m]e_jh^Z – \h^hjh^Z – oehjZ – IZju
^Zggh]h\_s_kl\ZfZkkhc]ijbl_fi_jZlmj_
Kb^Z\e_gbb
dIZ aZgbfZxl h[t_f jZ\guce Hij_^_eblv obfbq_
kdmxnhjfmem\_s_kl\Z
66. Hij_^_eblv ijhkl_crmxnhjfmem\_s_kl\Z \ dhlhjhffZkkh\u_
^heb we_f_glh\ jZ\gu dZebc – ojhf – dbkeh-
jh^ – 38,10 %.
67. <g_ba\_klghf\_s_kl\_fZkkh\Zy^hey[hjZjZ\gZ\h^hjh
^Z–bZahlZ–IZjuwlh]h\_s_kl\ZfZkkhc]ijb
l_fi_jZlmj_
Kb^Z\e_gbbdIZaZgbfZ_lh[t_fjZ\guc
eHij_^_ebl_fhe_dmeyjgmxnhjfmemkh_^bg_gby
68. G_ba\_klgh_kh_^bg_gb_\h^hjh^ZkZahlhffZkkhc]kh`]eb\
ba[uld_ dbkehjh^Z \ j_amevlZl_ q_]h h[jZah\Zebkv \h^Z fZkkhc
] b Zahl h[t_fhf feg m Hij_^_eblv fhe_dmeyjgmx
nhjfmembkoh^gh]h\_s_kl\Z_kebiehlghklv_]hiZjh\ijbgm
jZ\gZ]e
69. G_ba\_klgh_ hj]Zgbq_kdh_ \_s_kl\h fZkkhc ]kh`]eb \ ba
[uld_ dbkehjh^Z \j_amevlZl_q_]h h[jZah\Zebkvm]e_dbkeuc ]Za
fZkkhc]b \h^Z fZkkhc ] Hij_^_eblvfhe_dmeyjgmx
nhjfmem bkoh^gh]h \_s_kl\Z _keb hlghkbl_evgZy iehlghklv _]h
ih\h^hjh^mjZ\gZ
70. G_ba\_klgh_ [jhfkh^_j`Zs__ \_s_kl\h fZkkhc ] kh`]eb \
ba[uld_dbkehjh^Z\j_amevlZl_q_]hh[jZah\Zebkvm]e_dbkeuc]Za
fZkkhc ]b \h^Z fZkkhc] ;jhf kh^_j`Zsbcky \bk
oh^ghf\_s_kl\_fZkkhc][ueiheghklvxi_j_\_^_g\[jh
fb^k_j_[jZfZkkZdhlhjh]hhdZaZeZkvjZ\ghc]Hij_^_eblv
fhe_dmeyjgmx nhjfmem \_s_kl\Z _keb hlghkbl_evgZy iehlghklv
_]hiZjh\ihdbkehjh^mjZ\gZ