Arsenault Raymond. Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
576 Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders
SINGLETON, ROBERT B M 25 Los Angeles, CA Graduate Student, UCLA
See chapter 9 and epilogue. Born in Philadelphia, PA, in January 1936. Graduate of Reed
College (Portland, OR, B.A.) and UCLA (Ph.D.). Husband of Freedom Rider Helen
Singleton. Currently professor of economics and chairman of the Economics Dept. at
Loyola Marymount Univ. (Los Angeles).
STEWARD, RICHARD C. B M 21 New Orleans, LA Student, Dillard Univ. (New
Orleans, LA)
Born in New Orleans in December 1939. Currently lives in Los Angeles.
THURMAN, LONNIE B M 34 Los Angeles, CA Teacher
Born in Montgomery, AL, in December 1926. Graduate of Alabama State College
(Montgomery).
TOWNSEND, SAM JOE W M 27 Los Angeles, CA Graduate student, UCLA
Born in San Angelo, TX, on August 11, 1933. Graduate of UCLA (B.A.). Died in October
1971, at the age of 38.
WREN, TANYA W F 22 Los Angeles, CA Student, Los Angeles City
College
Born in Los Angeles in June 1939.
Jackson, MS (Greyhound terminal),
July 31, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
WAHLSTROM, JAMES W M 22 Madison, WI Former student, Univ. of
R
OBERT Wisconsin, Madison
See June 6 Ride.
Shreveport, LA (Trailways terminal), August 4, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
BETHUNE, HAROLD L. B M 34 Shreveport, LA CORE activist
Born April 10, 1927. Exec. Sec. of Shreveport NAACP in 1963. Gubernatorial candidate in
the 1971 Democratic primary in Louisiana. Died in September 1973, at the age of 46.
BLAKE, HARRY B M 26 Shreveport, LA CORE, SCLC, and NAACP
activist
Graduate of Bishop College (Dallas, TX). SCLC field secretary and president of Shreveport
NAACP in early 1960s. Suffered several arrests and beatings in 1962–1963. Pastor of
Mount Canaan Missionary Baptist Church in Shreveport since 1966. Organized community
development projects, such as Canaan Village Apartments, Canaan Towers, Project Uplift
House, and the Mount Canaan Baptist Church and Family Life Center.
DENNIS, DAVID J. B M 20 Shreveport, LA CORE field secretary
See May 24 Ride.
Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders 577
MCGINNIE, DELORES B F Shreveport, LA CORE activist
MCGINNIE, MARIE B F Shreveport, LA CORE activist
TAYLOR, LEVERT H. B M 20 Shreveport, LA CORE activist
Along with Dave Dennis and Joseph Russell, he was the primary organizer of the
Shreveport CORE chapter. See also Taylor v. Louisiana, 370 U.S. 154 (1962).
Nashville, TN, via Memphis, TN, to Jackson, MS
(Trailways terminal), August 5, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
BOHANNON, EARL C. B M 21 Chicago, IL Student
WAGNER, NORMA W F 44 Rochester, NY Blind activist
See July 29 Ride.
Houston, TX (Union Railway Station),
August 9–11, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
BERRARD, CHARLES B M 21 Los Angeles, CA Student, Los Angeles
State College
Born in Houston, TX, on February 12, 1940. Moved to California in 1952. Attended LA
City College, LA State College, and LA Trade Tech School. Member of Ind. Student Union at
LA City College and Youth for Peace and Socialism (1960–1963). Building contractor in
California (1980–2005). Currently an artist living in Santa Cruz, CA.
DUNSON, MARJORIE B F 30 Los Angeles, CA
Jamaican citizen at the time of the Freedom Rides.
FARRELL, ROBERT B M 23 Los Angeles, CA Graduate Student, UCLA
Born in Natchez, MS, on October 1, 1936. Lived in New Orleans, LA, and Newark, NJ,
before moving to Los Angeles in 1952. Served in U.S. Navy (1954–1956) and attended
UCLA (B.A., Near Eastern Studies, 1961) on an NROTC scholarship. Active member of
UCLA NAACP and CORE, and helped found Catholics United for Racial Equality (CURE) in
1959. Reporter for the California Eagle and LA Sentinel and did graduate work in
journalism at UCLA (1961–1963). Aide to LA City Councilman Billy Mills (1964–1973) and
Mayor Tom Bradley (1973–1974). Served on LA City Council (1974–1991). Active as board
member of Pacifica Radio Foundation, Trans-Africa, and other non-profit organizations
since 1991. Recently active as political consultant in Belize and Guyana.
HAMILTON, HERBERT B M 20 Houston, TX Student, Texas Southern Univ.;
First vice president of the
Progressive Youth Assoc, Inc.
Born in Jasper County, TX, on September 20, 1940. Leader of Progressive Youth Assoc.
demonstrations (early 1960s). Graduate of Texas Southern Univ. (B.A., mathematics and
physics, 1964; M.A., mathematics, 1966). Completed doctoral coursework at Univ. of
Houston (late 1960s). Mathematics instructor at Texas Southern Univ. (1966–1973) and
Houston Community College (1973–present). Currently lives in Houston, where he has
served as a Democratic precinct chairman since the mid-1990s.
578 Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders
HANDY, WILLIE B M 18 Houston, TX Student, Texas Southern Univ.;
Progressive Youth Assoc. activist
HOGROBROOKS, HOLLY B M 20 Houston, TX Student, Texas Southern Univ.;
Progressive Youth Assoc. activist
Born and raised in Houston, TX. Active in Houston civil rights movement. Graduate of
Texas Southern Univ. (B.A., journalism, 1963). From 1963 to 1968, worked as a county
clerk, wrote for black newspapers The Informer and Forward Times, and became active in
politics. Worked for a public relations firm in the 1980s. Instructor of communications at
Texas Southern Univ. (1968–1980, 1990–present). Currently lives in Houston.
HUTCHINS, JOHN B M 20 Houston, TX Student, Texas Southern Univ.;
Progressive Youth Assoc. activist
JONES, EDDIE B M 19 Houston, TX Student, Texas Southern Univ.;
Progressive Youth Assoc. activist
JONES, ROBERT E. B M 32 Houston, TX Progressive Youth Assoc. activist
KAUFMAN, ROBERT W M 23 Los Angeles, CA US History Graduate Student,
P
AUL Univ. of California, Berkeley
Born in California on January 27, 1938. A Communist-affiliated peace and justice activist
and longtime columnist and staff reporter for the Berkeley, CA–based newspaper People’s
World. Died of cancer in Berkeley in July 1979, at the age of 41. Author of posthumously
published Selected Writings by Bob Kaufman (1980).
KLEINMAN, ELLEN W F 19 Los Angeles, CA Student, Los Angeles City College
Graduate of California State Univ., Los Angeles (B.A., 1967) and UCLA (M.S.W., 1979).
Active in peace and women’s movements. Social worker specializing in children’s welfare.
Worked with Child Protective Services and California Dept. of Social Services. Currently
lives in Sacramento, CA, where she works with children with special needs. Active
member of Grandmothers for Peace. Married name: Ellen Broms.
KOVNER, PAT W F 20 Sherman Oaks, CA Student, Univ. of California,
Berkeley
Founded a CORE chapter in Sherman Oaks, CA. Roommates at Univ. of California with
fellow Freedom Rider Jorgia Seigel. Active in SLATE, a student political party in Berkeley.
Participated in “Redwood Summer,” an Earth First!–sponsored demonstration in 1990
organized to halt the logging of California’s redwoods. Later served on the Green Party
Council in Mendocino County. Currently an environmental activist promoting
sustainability. Lives in rural Northern California on a self-sustaining farm.
LA BOSTRIE, RONALD B M 26 Los Angeles, CA Artist
Born and raised in New Orleans, LA, in a Catholic family. Close friend of Robert Farrell’s in
1961. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, he was an active member of Catholics
United for Racial Equality (CURE), an organization devoted to the liberalization of the Los
Angeles diocese. A painter and graphic artist who sometimes worked as a draftsman. Long
involvement with California counter-culture. Deceased.
MCNICHOLS, STEVEN W M 22 Los Angeles, CA Student, recent UCLA graduate
Born in NY City in 1939. Graduate of UCLA (B.A., 1961), Univ. of Texas (M.A., economics,
1977), and Hastings College of Law (J.D., 1983). Served as civil rights director for the
National Student Assoc. Worked for Los Angeles mayor’s office in community development
(mid-1970s), where he exposed corruption as a whistleblower. Later a San Francisco public
sector employment attorney. Currently writing The Last Freedom Ride: Life in the Tank, a
memoir of the California-to-Houston Ride.
MOODY, MARIAN B F 19 Houston, TX Membership chairman of the
Progressive Youth Assoc.
Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders 579
RADCLIFFE, BEVERLY W F 23 Los Angeles, CA Student, Los Angeles City College,
X-ray technologist
Born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, in 1938. Attended Univ. of New Brunswick, St. John,
LA City College, and San Francisco State. Member of the Ind. Student Union and CORE in
Los Angeles. Active in organizing demonstrations for civil rights and peace movements.
Subpoenaed and labeled a Communist by HUAC in 1961. Worked as an X-ray technologist
until her retirement in 2004. Currently lives in Nelson, British Columbia, where she
founded a chapter of the Raging Grannies, an activist group promoting global peace and
social justice. Married name: Beverly Mill.
SANFIELD, STEVEN W M 24 Los Angeles, CA Night manager, Larry Edmonds
Bookstore; writer.
Born in Cambridge, MA, on August 3, 1937. Raised in Lynn, MA, in a politically active left-
wing family. Graduate of Univ. of Massachusetts (B.A., 1958). Worked for CBS Radio
before employment at bookstore in 1961. Lived in Greece and the Mediterranean region
for several years. Became a Buddhist and spent three years as a Zen monk in California.
Long career as a poet, folklorist, and children’s writer. Author of ten children’s books—
including A Natural Man: The True Story of John Henry (1986) and The Adventures of High
John the Conqueror (1989), the story of a slave trickster—and a recent collection of poems,
The Rain Begins Below (2005). Currently lives near Nevada City, CA.
STEVENSON, JOSEPH W M 18 Los Angeles, CA Student
M
CCLENDON
Currently lives in Astoria, OR, where he has enjoyed a long career as a nurse practitioner
involved with hospice.
Jackson, MS (Trailways terminal), August 13, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
RAYMOND, GEORGE B M 18 New Orleans, LA CORE activist
Born in Louisiana on January 1, 1943. Active in 1964 Freedom Summer voter registration
drives. Worked closely with David Dennis in Sunflower County. Instrumental in Fannie Lou
Hamer’s early involvement in the movement. Suffered a severe beating in Canton, MS, in
1964. Died of a heart attack in March 1973, at the age of 30.
SIMS, PAULINE K. W F 22 Putney, England CORE activist
In early December 1961, Sims testified at the trial of Anthony Thomas Davis, a black disc
jockey in Dallas who she claimed had raped her in a hotel room there on September 28.
After spending thirty days in a Jackson jail, she had met Davis in a café and had asked him
to help her raise funds for CORE. Davis admitted that he had consensual relations with
Sims but pled not guilty to the rape charge. He was acquitted on December 8.
Monroe, NC, August 17–September 1, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
BAUM, ROBERT M. W M 19 Excelsior, MN Student, Univ. of Minnesota
See June 11 Ride.
BROMBERG, EDWARD J. W M 27 Chestnut Hill, MA Student, Columbia Univ.
See June 9 Ride.
580 Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders
BROOKS, PAUL B M 22 East St. Louis, IL Student, American Baptist
Theological Seminary
See May 17–21 Ride.
BUTLER, CHARLES B M 20 Charleston, SC Student, Tennessee State Univ.
See May 17–21 Ride.
CHATHAM, PRICE W M 29 Rockaway, NY Story analyst, 20th Century Fox
and Paramount Pictures
See June 2 Ride.
DIETRICH, PAUL DAVID W M 29 Washington, DC Office worker; restaurant owner;
NAG activist
See May 24 Ride.
FORMAN, JAMES B M 32 Atlanta, GA SNCC executive director
See Forman, Making of Black Revolutionaries, and chapter 10. Born October 4, 1928. An
advocate of black reparations, he moved to Washington, DC, in 1981 to begin an African
American news service. Published Self-Determination: An Examination of the Question and
Its Application to the African American People in 1984. Active involvement in the
Democratic Party during his later years. Attended 2004 Democratic national convention in
Boston despite declining health. Died in Washington, DC, on January 10, 2005, at the age
of 76.
GRISWOLD, W M 34 Brooklyn, NY Social worker
R
ICHARD P.
See June 10 Ride.
HUNTER, LARRY FRED B M 18 Atlanta, GA Student, Tennessee State Univ.
See May 28 Ride.
KALE, EDWARD W. W M 24 Grangeville, ID Student, Yale Divinity School
See June 7 Ride.
LEONARD, FREDERICK B M 18 Chattanooga, TN Student, Tennessee State Univ.
See May 17–21 Ride.
LOWRY, JOHN W M 20 New York, NY Student, Queens College (New
York City)
See July 7 Ride.
MAHONEY, B M 19 Washington, DC Student, Howard Univ.; NAG
WILLIAM CARL activist
See May 28 Ride.
MCDONALD, JOSEPH W M 20 Oceanside, NY Unemployed
J
OHN MICHAEL
See June 2 Ride.
MORTON, DAVID KERR W M 21 Jackson, WY Folk singer, freelance writer
See June 11 Ride.
Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders 581
RUSH, HEATH CLIFF W M 20 Concord, NH Student, Central State College
See June 9 Ride.
SHILMAN, KENNETH W M 18 Oceanside, NY Unemployed
M
ARTIN
See June 2 Ride.
THOMPSON, DANIEL W M 26 Cleveland, OH Student
R
AY
See June 11 Ride.
WRIGHT, LEROY B M 19 Nashville, TN Student, Fisk Univ.
G
LENN
See May 24 Ride.
Prayer Pilgrimage, New Orleans, LA,
to Jackson, MS (Trailways), September 13, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
AVERY, GILBERT S., III W M 30 Roxbury, MA Episcopal priest, St. John’s
Episcopal Church (Roxbury, MA)
Born in May 1931. Episcopal Community Services director in the early 1990s in
Philadelphia, PA.
BLOY, MYRON B., JR. W M 35 Newton, MA Episcopal chaplain, MIT
(Cambridge, MA)
Born in Detroit on March 28, 1926. Published several books, including The Crisis of
Cultural Change: A Christian Viewpoint (1965) and Christian Identity on Campus (1971).
Died in January 1985, at the age of 58.
BREEDEN, JAMES B M 26 Boston, MA Episcopal priest, St. James
P
LEASANT Church (Roxbury, MA)
Born in Minneapolis in October 1934. Director of the Commission on Church and Race of
the Massachusetts Council of Churches in 1967 during the race riots in Boston. Recently
retired as dean of the Tucker Foundation at Dartmouth College (Hanover, NH).
CROCKER, JOHN, JR. W M 37 Providence, RI Episcopal priest, Cathedral of St.
John’s
Born in Oxford, England, in October 1923. Became rector of the Trinity Episcopal Church
in Princeton, NJ, in 1977.
EVANS, JAMES WALKER W M 31 St. Clair, MO Episcopal priest, St. James
Episcopal Church (St. Clair, MO)
Born in Kirkwood, MO, in August 1930.
EVANS, JOHN MARVIN B M 36 Toledo, OH Episcopal priest, All Saints
Episcopal Church (Toledo, OH)
Born in Cincinnati, OH, in September 1925.
582 Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders
GORDON, QUINLAND B M 45 Washington, DC Episcopal priest, Church of the
R
EEVES Atonement (Washington, DC)
Born in Greenwich, CT, in June 1915. Died in Atlanta on January 3, 1990, at the age of 74.
JONES, JAMES W M 34 Chicago, IL Episcopal priest, St. Leonard’s
G
ARRARD House (Chicago, IL)
Born in Oak Park, IL, in January 1927.
MORRIS, JOHN W M 31 Atlanta, GA Episcopal priest; secretary of the
BURNETT Episcopal Society for Cultural
and Racial Unity
Born in Brunswick, GA, in February 1930.
PIERSON, ROBERT W M 35 New York, NY Episcopal priest
L
AUGHLIN
Born in Chicago in March 1926. He and his wife, Ann Clark Rockefeller, daughter of
Governor Nelson Rockefeller of New York, supported a myriad of social causes, from civil
and women’s rights to the welfare of migrant laborers. Subsidized African American dance
and theater and participated in a citizens’ exchange project with the Soviet Union in 1965.
Died in St. Petersburg, FL, on April 13, 1997, at the age of 71.
SIMPSON, GEOFFREY W M 29 Pewaukee, WI Episcopal priest, St.
SEDGEWICK Bartholomew’s Church
(Pewaukee, WI)
Born in South Milwaukee, WI, in August 1932.
TAYLOR, ROBERT PAGE W M 29 Chicago, IL Episcopal priest, St. Leonard’s
House (Chicago, IL)
Born in Norfolk, VA, in December 1931.
WENDT, WILLIAM W M 41 Washington, DC Episcopal priest, St. Stephen’s
A
NDREW Church (Washington, DC)
Born in Mitchell, SD, in January 1920. Became an advocate for gay rights and an anti-war
activist within the Episcopal Church. St. Stephen’s became a center for political activity. In
1967, the church sponsored a controversial speech by H. Rap Brown. In 1975 Wendt was
censured by the church for allowing a woman to serve communion. He also founded the
St. Francis Burial and Counseling Society, Inc., in 1975 and earned a reputation as a
pioneer in talking about and dealing with death and dying. A counseling center was named
in his honor in 1999. He died of cancer on July 8, 2001, at the age of 81.
WOODWARD, W M 27 Cincinnati, OH Episcopal priest, Church of the
V
ERNON P. Advent (Cincinnati, OH)
Born in Cincinnati, OH, in May 1934.
YOUNG, MERRILL W M 31 Boston, MA Episcopal priest, Harvard Univ.
ORNE Divinity School
Born in Brooklyn, NY, in June 1930. Currently resides in Surrey, VA.
Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders 583
Atlanta, GA (Trailways station), November 1, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
BEVEL, JAMES L. B M 24 Itta Bena, MS SNCC activist
See May 24 Ride.
FORMAN, JAMES B M 33 Atlanta, GA SNCC executive director
See Monroe, NC, Ride, August 17–September 1.
JONES, JOSEPH B M 23 Charlotte, NC Student, Johnson C. Smith Univ.;
CHARLES SNCC activist
See May 24 Ride.
LAFAYETTE, B M 20 Tampa, FL SNCC activist
B
ERNARD, JR.
See May 17–21 Ride.
Atlanta, GA, to Albany, GA (Trailways),
November 1, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
MCCOLLUM, W F 21 Snyder, NY Student, George Peabody
S
ALYNN
v
College; SNCC activist
See May 17–21 Ride.
REAGON, CORDELL B M 18 Nashville, TN Student, Tennessee State Univ.;
H
ULL SNCC activist.
See June 2 Ride.
SHERROD, CHARLES B M 22 Richmond, VA SNCC field secretary
Born and raised in Petersburg, VA. Graduate of Virginia Union College (Richmond, VA) and
Union Theological Seminary (New York City) (M.Th., 1967). Director of the Southwest
Georgia Project for Community Education (1967–1987) and New Communities, Inc., a
cooperative farming project (1969–1985). Member of Albany City Commission (1976–
1990). Ran unsuccessfully for Georgia state senate in 1996. Currently works in Homerville,
GA, as a chaplain at the Georgia State Prison.
Jackson, MS (Trailways station), November 1, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
JACKSON, GLENDA B F 22 Shreveport, LA CORE activist
JONES, REV. B M Jackson, MS Dean of religion, Campbell
C
HARLES A. Junior College (Jackson, MS)
Longtime activist and leader of the Jackson, MS, branch of the NAACP.
TAYLOR, LEVERT H. B M 20 Shreveport, LA CORE activist
See August 4 Ride.
584 Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders
Albany, GA (Trailways station), November 22, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
CARSWELL, JULIAN B M Albany, GA High school student; NAACP
Youth Council
GOBER, BERTHA B F Atlanta, GA Student, Albany State College
(Albany, GA)
Movement songwriter and celebrated member of the Albany Freedom Singers. She can be
heard on the Smithsonian recording Voices of the Civil Rights Movement: Black American
Freedom Songs, 1960–1966.
HALL, BLANTON B M 23 Athens, GA Student, Albany State College
TONEY, EVELYN B F Albany, GA High school student; NAACP
Youth Council
WILSON, EDDIE B M Albany, GA High school student; NAACP
Youth Council
New Orleans, LA, to McComb, MS (Greyhound),
November 29, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
RAYMOND, GEORGE B M 18 New Orleans, LA CORE activist
See August 13 Ride.
SMITH, DORATHA B F 18 New Orleans, LA CORE activist
Born in Benton, MS. Moved to New Orleans at the age of 2. Began work at Preservation
Hall in 1965 and later helped organize the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival.
Currently lives in New Orleans. Married name: Doratha Smith-Simmons.
SMITH, JEROME H. B M 22 New Orleans, LA Longshoreman; New Orleans
CORE chairman
See May 24 Ride.
THOMPSON, ALICE B F 22 New Orleans, LA CORE activist
Sister of Jean and Shirley Thompson. Long career as a social worker in New Orleans,
where she currently lives in retirement.
VALENTINE, THOMAS B M 23 New Orleans, LA CORE activist
Deceased.
Baton Rouge, LA, to McComb, MS (Greyhound),
December 1, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
BRADFORD, WILLIE B M New Orleans, LA CORE activist
Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders 585
PEETE, THOMAS B M Shreveport, LA CORE activist
RAYMOND, GEORGE B M 18 New Orleans, LA CORE activist
See August 13 Ride.
REESE, CLAUDE B M New Orleans, LA CORE activist
TATE , PATRICIA B F Baton Rouge, LA Student, Southern Univ. (Baton
Rouge, LA); CORE activist
Along with fellow Southern Univ. students Ronnie Moore and Weldon Rougeau, she
helped found the Baton Rouge CORE chapter in October 1961. In 1962 she was arrested
for defaming a grand jury that indicted Ben Cox for defamation and disturbing the peace.
THOMPSON, JEAN B F 19 New Orleans, LA CORE activist
See May 24 Ride.
Jackson, MS, to McComb, MS (Greyhound),
December 2, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
BURNHAM, JAMES B M McComb, MS Ex–Burgland High School
student, attending Campbell
Junior College
BYRD, JEROME B M McComb, MS Ex–Burgland High School
student, attending Campbell
Junior College
COTTON, MACARTHUR
u
B M Kosciusko, MS Student, Tougaloo College
(Jackson, MS); SNCC activist
GAITHER, THOMAS
u
B M 23 Jackson, MS CORE field secretary
See chapters 2 and 3 and epilogue. Currently a professor of biology at Slippery Rock
University (Slippery Rock, PA).
LEWIS, JOE B M McComb, MS Ex–Burgland High School
student,attending Campbell
Junior College
Atlanta, GA, to Albany, GA (Central Georgia Railroad),
December 10, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
BROWNING, JOAN W F 19 Atlanta, GA Former student, Georgia State
College for Women
(Milledgeville); SNCC activist.
Born in Wheeler County, GA, in 1941. Raised on a small farm before attending Georgia
State College for Women (Milledgeville), from which she was expelled in 1961 after
worshipping at a black church. Later active in civil rights and anti-poverty campaigns
during the 1970s. Organizer for the Federation of Southern Cooperatives. Graduate of West
Virginia State College (B.A., 1994). Currently lives in Greenbrier County, WV, where she is
a freelance writer, lecturer, and member of the West Virginia Human Rights Commission.
See Curry et al., Deep in Our Hearts.