Arsenault Raymond. Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice
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566 Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders
BLUE, MILDRED B F 16 Jackson, MS Student, Lanier High School
J
UANITA
Born in Hinds County, MS, on April 23, 1945. Died December 25, 1993, in Waterbury, CT,
at the age of 48.
CLARK, FRED B M 18 Jackson, MS Student, Lanier High School
DOUGLAS
Born in Birmingham in May 1943. Attended Jackson State Univ. (B.A. and grad. work).
Eclectic work career includes stints as a golf caddy, construction worker, educator, security
guard, park ranger, deputized U.S. marshal, and assistant prison policeman. Currently lives
in Jackson, MS, where he remains active in church, community, and political affairs.
DAVIS, JESSIE JAMES B M 19 Jackson, MS Unemployed
Born in Jackson, MS, in August 1941. Graduate of Lanier High School. Active as a SNCC
organizer in the mid-1960s. Currently lives in Fishkill, NY.
HAYES, GAINNEL B F 15 Jackson, MS Student, Rowan Junior High
School
Born in Jackson, MS, in March 1946.
HORNE, ANDREW, JR. B M 15 Jackson, MS Student, Lanier High School
Born in Jackson, MS, in September 1945.
HORNE, ERMA LEE B F 16 Jackson, MS Student, Holy Ghost High
School
Born in Jackson, MS, in October 1944.
LYNCH, DELORES B M 15 Jackson, MS Student, Lanier High School
W
ILLIAMS
Born in Hinds County, MS, in February 1946. Deceased.
ROSELL, HENRY B M 18 Jackson, MS Student
Born in Hinds County, MS, in February 1943.
VANCE, ONEAL B M 17 Jackson, MS Employed by Holiday Inn
restaurant
Born in Flora, MS, in March 1944.
WATTS, JOE, JR. B M 18 Jackson, MS Student, Lanier High School
Born in Forest, MS, in July 1943. Died in Jackson, MS, on November 25, 2003, at the age
of 60.
St. Louis, MO, via Little Rock, AR, to New Orleans, LA,
July 8–15, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
COX, BENJAMIN B M 30 High Point, NC Minister, Pilgrim Congregational
ELTON Church; CORE field secretary
See May 4–17 Ride.
LUMPKIN, ANNIE B F 18 St. Louis, MO Student
Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders 567
MALONE, BLISS ANNE B F 23 St. Louis, MO Public school teacher
RAINES, JOHN CURTIS W M 27 Long Island, NY Pastor, Setauket Methodist
Church (Long Island, NY)
Graduate of Carleton College, Northfield, MN (B.A., 1955) and Union Theological
Seminary (B.D., 1959, Ph.D., 1967). Published Attack on Privacy (1974), Illusion of
Success (1975), and Marx on Religion (2002). Long career as a professor of religion at
Temple Univ. in Philadelphia. Research and teaching specialties include globalization,
social justice, and Islam and the West.
REINITZ, JANET W F 23 New York, NY Artist, homemaker
Attended Connecticut College. Rochester CORE chair. Worked at national CORE office in
1961–1962. Painter and muralist in New York City. In the late 1980s she painted the mural
An Interracial Journey, based on experiences of slain civil rights workers Goodman,
Schwerner, and Chaney.
New York, NY, via Chattanooga, TN, to Little Rock, AR,
July 13–24, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
HARVARD, JOHN C. B M 39 Elizabeth, NJ Psychologist
Born September 8, 1921. Graduate of Howard Univ., where he was class president. During
the 1950s and early 1960s, he was an active member of the Elizabeth, NJ, Area Council on
Housing, the Elizabeth Good Neighbor Council, the Board of Directors for the New Jersey
Committee Against Discrimination in Housing, the Rutgers University Committe on Human
Relations, and the Howard University Alumni Assoc. Died in Elizabeth, NJ, in January
1986, at the age of 64.
SHANKEN, SIDNEY W M 39 Cranford, NJ Rabbi; graduate student, Jewish
Theological Seminary of New
York
Born in St. Louis, MO, on May 1, 1922. Moved to San Antonio, TX, at age 7 and later
attended Univ. of Texas. Served in army air corps as B-25 navigator, 1942–1945. Severely
wounded at Anzio, Italy. Graduate of NYU (B.A., 1949) and Jewish Institute of Religion (M.
Hebrew Lit., 1949). Long career as conservative rabbi, primarily at Temple Beth El in
Cranford, NJ (1957–1982). Participated in Selma to Montgomery march and served on
Mayor’s Council on Housing in Cranford. Lived in Israel (1982–1984). Rabbi in Pottstown,
PA (1984–1994). Currently active in Volunteers for Israel and lives in Boynton Beach, FL.
SMITH, WOOLLCOTT W M 20 Vineyard Haven, MA Student, Michigan State Univ.
(East Lansing, MI)
Son of Michigan State Univ. psychology professor. Nephew of historian Francis Jennings.
Currently professor of statistics at Temple Univ. Senior fellow in the Marine Policy Center at
the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Co-authored The Cartoon Guide to Statistics
with cartoonist Larry Gonick.
STERN, HERMAN W M 30 River Edge, NJ Rabbi, Temple Shalom; Hebrew
(CHAIM) S. instructor, Hebrew Union
College, School of Sacred Music
Graduate of City College of New York (B.A., 1952), and Hebrew Union College (M.A.,
1958). Edited and authored numerous Judaic prayer books used by American Reform
Movement congregations. President Bill Clinton quoted one of Stern’s contrition passages
568 Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders
during the Monica Lewinsky sex scandal. Served as senior rabbi at Temple Beth El of
Northern Westchester in Chappaqua, NY, for thirty-three years. Retired to Miami. Died in
2001 of a malignant brain tumor at the age of 71.
THOMAS, HENRY B M 19 Elton, FL Student, Howard Univ.;
(H
ANK) CORE staff
See May 4–17 Ride.
New Orleans, LA, to Jackson, MS (Greyhound),
July 15, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
BARBER, CARROLL W M 36 Los Angeles, CA Research associate, UCLA
GARY
Born in Geneva, IL, in August 1924. Graduate of the Univ. of Arizona (M.A.). Co-author of
Bilingualism in the Southwest (1973). Died May 1999 in Tucson, AZ, at the age of 75.
BOOTH, CHARLES B M 18 Los Angeles, CA Unemployed
H
ENRY
Born in Little Rock, AR, in May 1943.
COOPER, RAY ALLEN W M 19 Spokane, WA Artist
Born in Seattle in January 1942.
EISENBERG, MARILYN W F 18 Van Nuys, CA Student, UCLA
I
RENE
Born in Philadelphia in August 1942.
OWENS, ROBERT B M 23 Los Angeles, CA Unemployed hospital orderly
L
EWIS
Born in Springfield, IL, in May 1938.
PESTANA, JEAN W F 43 Los Angeles, CA Attorney
E
STIL KIDWELL
Born in San Francisco in August 1917. In 1969 she represented two members of Friends of
the Black Panther Party accused of buying hand grenades for the Black Panthers’ use. On
other occasions she served as part of the Black Panthers’ legal defense team. Active
member of the U.S.–China Peoples’ Friendship Association (USCPFA). Died in Los Angeles
in September 1997, at the age of 80.
RICHARDS, DAVID W M 22 Reseda, CA Carpenter
LERING
Born in New York City in June 1939. Attended Pierce College (Woodland Hills, CA).
ROSENBERG, ROSE W F 56 Los Angeles, CA Attorney
S
CHORR
Born in Hungary in September 1905.
RUSS, LEON, JR. B M 23 Los Angeles, CA Unemployed
Born in Shreveport, LA, in June 1938. Attended Frank Wiggins Trade School (Los Angeles,
CA).
Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders 569
WASHINGTON, LEO B M 24 New Orleans, LA Student, Southern Univ. (New
V
ERNON Orleans, LA)
Born in New Orleans in January 1937.
WILLIAMS, DOUGLAS B M 38 Los Angeles, CA Minister
A
LBERT
Born in Cincinnati, OH, in September 1922. Attended College of Religion (Los Angeles, CA).
Died in Los Angeles in May 1979, at the age of 56.
WOLFSON, JACK W M 17 Los Angeles, CA Student, UCLA
M
IKHAIL
Born in Chicago, IL, on July 20, 1943. Moved to Los Angeles, CA, at the age of 9. Grew up
in integrated neighborhoods with a radical family—both his mother and stepfather were
members of the Communist Party. His sister Charlene was a member of the Central
Committee of the CPUSA and was in Russia at the time of the Freedom Rides. Graduate of
UCLA (B.S., chemistry, 1966) and Univ. of California, Riverside (Ph.D., chemistry, 1974).
Worked with the Harvard School of Public Health since 1974 researching the relationship
between air pollution and human health.
Nashville, TN, to Jackson, MS (Greyhound),
July 16, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
DENNIS, JAMES B M 25 Los Angeles, CA Student, Los Angeles State
EMERSON
t
College
Born in Hammond, TX, in October 1935. Graduate of Los Angeles State College (B.A.,
1961) and California State Univ., Northridge (M.A., 1977). Member of CORE national
board (1967–1972). Professor of pan-African studies at California State, Northridge (1969–
2003). Currently lives in Lake View Terrace, CA.
FREELON, MARY W F 42 Telford, PA Unemployed teacher
Born in Bensenville, IL, on April 2, 1919. Attended Northern Illinois State Teachers
College. Died in Bensenville in July 1982, at the age of 63.
HAVEY, PHILLIP JAY W M 31 Staten Island, NY Political editor, The Catholic
Worker
Born in New Rochelle, NY, in June 1930. Graduate of Iona College (New Rochelle, NY).
MITARITONNA, W M 50 Bronx, NY Mortuary caretaker, New York
R
UDOLPH City Dept. of Hospitals;
municipal union member
Born in Argentina in October 1910. Member of the NAACP. Died in Queens, NY, in 1980,
at the age of 79.
SMITH, SHIRLEY B. W F 34 New York, NY Committee director
Born in Detroit in January 1927. Graduate of George Washington Univ. Attended Boston
Univ.
SVANOE, WILLARD W F 23 New York, NY Graduate Student, Univ. of
H
OOKER Minnesota
Born in Wilmington, DE, on January 16, 1938. Graduate of Oberlin College (B.F.A., 1959).
Attended Univ. of Minnesota as a grad. student in economics (1960–1961). Folk singer,
songwriter, and member of the folk trio The Rooftop Singers (1962–1969). Performed at the
570 Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders
1963 Newport Folk Festival and recorded the hit single “Walk Right In” the same year.
Active in anti-war movement in late 1960s. Later career as a screenwriter, playwright, and
producer. Television and movie credits include Six Million Dollar Man, Waltz Across
Texas, and Fatal Beauty. Currently lives in Carboro, NC, as an adjunct prof. of dramatic arts
at UNC, Chapel Hill.
WARREN, JAMES B M 28 Philadelphia, PA Baptist minister
EDWARD
Born in Cincinnati, OH, in November 1932. Graduate of Florida Normal College.
ZUCHMAN, LEWIS W M 19 Forest Hills, NY Student, Univ. of Bridgeport
R
ICHARD (Bridgeport, CT)
Born in the Bronx, NY, in March 1942. Founder of Bridgeport, CT, CORE. Social worker
and founder of the Lenox Hill Neighborhood Association. Advocate for low-income
residents in New York City. Currently executive director of Supportive Children’s Advocacy
Network (SCAN), a group of community-based family and children’s centers in East
Harlem, the South Bronx, and Morrisania.
Jackson, MS (airport), July 21, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
CAREY, JAMES T. W M 35 Berkeley, CA President, Catholic Interracial
Council
Born in Chicago in August 1925. Graduate of the Univ. of Illinois and Columbia Univ.
GEDDES, FRANCIS L. W M 38 San Francisco, CA Minister
Born in Oakland, CA, in July 1923. Graduate of Stanford Univ. Helped to rebuild a burned
church in Mississippi in 1964 and participated in the Selma-to-Montgomery march in
1965. As a United Church of Christ minister, he served congregations in the San Francisco
Bay area from the 1960s until his retirement in 1995. Currently provides spiritual direction
for students at the Theological Seminary in San Anselmo, CA.
GUMBINER, JOSEPH W M 54 Orinda, CA Rabbi, Hillel Foundation at the
HENRY Univ. of California, Berkeley
Born in Pittsfield, IL, on September 4, 1906. Attended Univ. of Cincinnati, Univ. of
Arizona, Yale Univ., and Hebrew Univ. in Jerusalem. Author of Leaders of Our People
(1963). Died in Reseda, CA, on March 24, 1993, at the age of 86.
JORGENSEN, MARY L. W F 45 Berkeley, CA Member of the American Friends
Service Committee
Born in Bippus, IN, in July 1916. Graduate of Manchester College (Manchester, IN), and
Pacific School of Religion (Berkeley, CA). Committed Quaker activist and frequent speaker
and coordinator for the Friends Committee on Legislation, a group she and her husband,
Russell, helped found in the early 1950s. Lives in Monan’s Rill, an intentional community
in northern California created in the 1970s by and for social theorists and activists.
JORGENSEN, RUSSELL F. W M 44 Berkeley, CA Member of the American Friends
Service Committee
Born in Racine, WI, in June 1917. Graduate of Univ. of Wisconsin and Pacific School of
Religion. See also Mary Jorgensen bio.
LEVINE, ALLAN W M 28 Bradford, PA Rabbi
See Interfaith Freedom Ride, June 13–16.
Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders 571
LUSTER, ORVILLE B. B M 36 Daly City, CA Member of the American Friends
Service Committee
Born in Oklahoma City, OK, in May 1925. World War II veteran. Graduate of San
Francisco State College (B.A., 1953). Began social work career as first African American
counselor at Log Cabin Ranch in San Francisco (1956). Executive director of Youth for
Service (1959–1973, 1994–2005), a San Francisco Bay area organization that helps
students and disadvantaged young people develop career and vocational skills. Became
chairman of Luster CM, a construction management firm, in 1990. In 1997, on the 40th
anniversary of Youth for Service, San Francisco mayor Willie Brown presided at a banquet
honoring Luster’s contributions to the city’s youth. Died in San Francisco on June 27, 2005,
at the age of 80.
SELLERS, CHARLES W M 28 Berkeley, CA Professor of history, Univ. of
G., J
R. California, Berkeley
Born in Charlotte, NC, in September 1923. Graduate of Harvard Univ. and Univ. of North
Carolina (Ph.D.). Distinguished career as professor of Southern history at the Univ. of
California, Berkeley. Editor of The Southerner as American and author of Market
Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815–1846, among other books. Currently lives in
Berkeley, CA.
WASHINGTON, B M 32 San Francisco, CA Minister
J
OHN R.
Born in Pittsburgh, PA, in September 1928. Graduate of the Univ. of Pittsburgh and
Andover-Newton Seminary. Longtime pastor of the Claremont United Church of Christ in
Claremont, CA. Currently in retirement in Claremont.
Nashville, TN, via Memphis, TN,
to Jackson, MS (Greyhound), July 21, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
BREINES, PAUL W M 20 Scarsdale, NY Student and member of the
Student Council on Civil Rights,
Univ. of Wiconsin, Madison
Born in New York City in April 1941. Graduate of the Univ. of Wisconsin (B.A., 1963;
Ph.D., 1972). Currently professor of history at Boston College. Author of Tough Jews:
Political Fantasies and the Moral Dilemma of American Jewry (1990) and Without Impact:
A History of Ideas Whose Time Never Came (2005).
GARDE, DONNA SAGE W F 25 New York, NY Public school teacher
Born in Middletown, CT, in December 1935. Graduate of Syracuse Univ.
GREENBERG, JOEL BEN W M 22 Baltimore, MD Student, Loyola College
(Baltimore, MD)
Born in Baltimore in February 1939. Attended St. John’s College (Annapolis, MD).
MOSKOWITZ, RUTH W F 25 Brooklyn, NY Sociology researcher, New York
E
STHER Univ. (New York City)
Born in New York City in May 1936. Graduate of Brooklyn College (B.A., 1957).
Volunteered for the New York Committee Against Discrimination in Housing (1959).
Attended Univ. of Connecticut and New York Univ. Appointed to the Brooklyn Supreme
Court in 1982. During a high-profile 1988 case involving parking-meter collector fraud,
she admonished New York City mayor Edward Koch for trying to bring attention to the
proceedings for political reasons. A popular judge, she was reelected in November 1996
despite her recent death. Died of scleroderma on November 2, 1996, at the age of 60.
572 Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders
Nashville, TN, via Memphis, TN,
to Jackson, MS (Trailways), July 23, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
HUDDLESTON, W M 32 San Francisco, CA
A
LBERT ROY
Born in Avoca, PA, in June 1929. Jewish.
IHRA, MARGARET W F 22 New York, NY Student, City College of New
York
Born in Darby, PA, in October 1938. Married Freedom Rider Alexander Weiss.
LALL, CANDIDA W F 18 Larkspur, CA Student, Long Beach State
College (Long Beach, CA)
Born in San Francisco in November 1942.
LINDER, MORTON G. W M 23 San Francisco, CA Student, Univ. of Pennsylvania
(Philadelphia)
Born in Philadelphia, PA, on January 30, 1938. Graduate of Penn State Univ. (B.A., 1959)
and Univ. of PA (Veterinary Medicine, 1961). Received notification that he had passed the
California veterinary exam while he was in Parchman prison. CORE fund-raiser 1961–
1962. Veterinary practice in San Francisco and Berkeley, CA, 1961–1969. Lived in Europe,
1972–1975. Varied career as a part-time veterinarian and bicycle repairman, 1982–1991.
Currently a fabricator of custom bicycle wheels living in Point Reyes Station, CA.
POWELL, MICHAEL W M 20 San Jose, CA Student, San Jose State College
H
ARRY (San Jose, CA)
Born in Sacramento, CA in October 1940. Attended U. S. Maritime Academy (Kings Point,
NY).
WEISS, ALEXANDER W M 25 Daly City, CA Student, San Francisco State
College (San Francisco, CA)
Born in Vienna, Austria, in May 1936. Migrated to America in 1940. Married Freedom
Rider Margaret Ihra. California state park ranger for 17 years. In 1970, he spearheaded a
movement to preserve the Angel Island Immigration Station (now a National Historic
Landmark) in San Francisco.
WILLIAMS, RALPH W M 26 San Francisco, CA Artist
A
LAN
Born in San Francisco, CA, on August 4, 1924. Attended California College of Arts and
Crafts (Oakland). A lifelong civil rights and civil liberties activist. In a documentary on
HUAC, he appears as a protester being dragged down the steps of San Francisco’s City
Hall. Advocate for the homeless. Active member of the San Francisco African American
Historical Cultural Society. Died in San Francisco on July 1, 1995, at the age of 70.
Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders 573
Montgomery, AL, to Jackson, MS (airport),
July 24, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
PETWAY, ALPHONSO B M 16 Montgomery, AL Student, Washington High
K
ELLY School (Pensacola, FL)
Born in Pensacola, FL, in January 1945. Son of Reverend Matthew Petway and brother of
Kredelle Petway. Post–Freedom Ride involvement in sit-ins in Alabama and Kentucky.
Currently pastor of Asbury Chapel AME Zion Church in Pascagoula, MS.
PETWAY, KREDELLE B F 20 Montgomery, AL Student, Florida A & M
University (Tallahassee)
Born in Camden, AL, on June 9, 1941. Daughter of Rev. Matthew Petway and sister of
Alphonso Petway. Member of the MIA and active in both Montgomery and Tallahassee sit-
ins (early 1960s). Graduate of Florida A & M Univ. (B.A., mathematics, 1972). Worked for
the Louisville Urban League (1973–1974), U.S. Dept. of the Treasury (1975–1979), and the
U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs (1967–1973, 1979–1986). Promoted equal opportunity
employment practices. Retired on December 31, 1999. Currently lives in St. Petersburg, FL.
PETWAY, MATTHEW B M 46 Montgomery, AL AME Zion minister
Born in Camden, AL, in July 1915. Father of Alphonso and Kredelle Petway. Graduate of
Alabama State College (Montgomery). NAACP activist. Died in Louisville, KY, in July 1972,
at the age of 57.
THOMAS, CECIL A. W M 44 Albany, CA YMCA secretary (Berkeley, CA)
Born in Frankfort, OH, on June 14, 1917. Attended Cedarville (Cedarville, OH), Ohio State
Univ. (Columbus, OH), Northwestern Univ. (Evanston, IL), and Fisk Univ. (Nashville). Died
in August 1969, at the age of 52.
Nashville, TN, to Jackson, MS
(Greyhound), July 29, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
BAER, BYRON MARK W M 31 Englewood, NJ Motion picture technician
Born in Pittsburgh, PA, in October 1929. Attended Cornell Univ. (Ithaca, NY). New Jersey
state representative (1972–1993) and state senator (1994–2005). Member of state Martin
Luther King, Jr., Commission (2002–2004). Senate leader ex officio and chair of senate
commerce committee (2004–2005). Currently lives in Hackensack, NJ.
PABEL, HILMAR W M 50 Munich, Germany Journalist, Quick magazine
EHRENFRIED
Born in Rawitsch, Germany, in September 1910. Attended Univ. of Berlin. Worked as
independent photo-journalist for Life, Paris Match, Epoca, Stern, and Quick magazines.
Photographed a number of important historical events, including Soviet tanks rolling into
Prague in 1968 and “boat people” leaving Vietnam in the 1970s. Died in Germany on
November 6, 2000, at the age of 90.
PRENSKY, CATHERINE JO W F 18 New Rochelle, NY Student, Univ. of Wisconsin,
Madison
Born in New York City in June 1943. Jewish.
574 Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders
ROWLEY, SALLY JANE W F 29 New York City, NY Secretary, Merrill Sharpe Co.
Born in Trenton, NJ, in October 1931. Attended Stevens College (Columbia, MO).
SCROGGINS, JUDITH B F 18 Cincinnati, OH Secretary, NAACP branch office
N
ORENE
Born in Middleton, OH, in October 1942. Attended Xavier Univ. (Cincinnati, OH).
Misidentified as a white Freedom Rider by Mississippi officials. Currently lives in
Whitakers, NC. Married name: Judith Thomas.
SHEVIAKOV, RICK W M 18 Berkeley, CA Student, San Francisco State
S
TANLEY Univ.
Born in Chicago, IL, in February 1943. Raised in Berkeley, CA. Participated with the
American Friends Service Committee protesting housing discrimination (1950s). Graduate
of Univ. of Wisconsin (B.S., M.S., Ph.D. in school psychology). Psychologist for the Marin
Country, CA, public school system. Currently lives in San Anselmo, CA.
SMITH, WOOLLCOTT W M 20 East Lansing,MI Student, Michigan State Univ.
See July 13–29 Ride.
TJOKROADISUNATTO, A M 24 Seattle, WA Student, Univ. of Washington
WIDJONAIKO (Seattle)
See chapter 9. Son of Indonesian diplomat. Currently chief executive of PT Ramashinta
Citra Kreasi and chairman of the Indonesian Toys Industry Association.
WAGNER, NORMA W F 44 Rochester, NY Blind activist
See chapter 9.
ZISKIND, ELLEN LEE W F 21 New York, NY Student, Columbia Univ.
Born in Lowell, MA, on September 5, 1939. Raised in a Conservative Jewish family.
Attended Cambridge School of Weston, MA, and Antioch College (Yellow Springs, OH)
(1957–1960). Graduate of Columbia Univ. (B.A., English, 1962), Harvard Univ. (M.Ed.,
1966), and Simmons College (M.S.W., 1977). Worked with black journalist Louis Lomax on
Freedom Rider benefit concert in June 1961. Worked at WBAI radio in NY City (1962–
1964) and studied at Mass. General dyslexic clinic (1966–1967). Psych. social worker at
Quincy, MA, community mental health clinics (1977–1986) and later in a private practice
devoted to group therapy and adult trauma. Currently lives in Brookline, MA.
New Orleans, LA, to Jackson, MS
(Illinois Central RR), July 30, 1961
Name Race Sex Age Residence Occupation or Status
BAROUGH, ALBERT W M 21 Los Angeles, CA Student, UCLA
Born in New York City in June 1940. Died in a TWA plane crash near Chicago on
September 1, 1961.
FULLER, WINSTON W M 24 Los Angeles, CA Graduate student, UCLA
Born in Los Angeles in July 1937. Graduate of UCLA (B.A., 1961) and the Univ. of
Colorado (M.A., 1965). Accomplished poet and author of Twelve Poems (1972). Currently
professor of English and creative writing at West Virginia University (Morgantown), where
he has taught since 1965.
Appendix: Roster of Freedom Riders 575
GERBAC, JOSEPH W M 21 Los Angeles, CA Student, UCLA
E
DWARD
Born in Chicago, IL, in October 1939. Moved to Los Angeles, CA, at the age of 12. Father
was a Croatian immigrant and member of the Communist Party. Graduate of UCLA (B.A.,
history, 1962) and UCLA Law School (J.D., 1965). Worked as an attorney in Los Angeles
(late 1960s–early 1980s) and later in northern Santa Barbara County (late 1980s–2005).
Currently lives in Lompoc, CA.
GRUBBS, MICHAEL R. B M 25 Los Angeles, CA Student, UCLA
Born in Coffeeville, KS, on October 23, 1935. Son of longtime black women’s and YWCA
activist Darnell Medlock Grubbs. Member of the Urban League and NAACP. Studied
psychology at UCLA. Remained involved in politics through his wife Thelma Jones’s
activism in PUSH and women’s rights. Career in business consulting, real estate, and
private business. Cousin of noted historian John Hope Franklin. Currently retired and living
in Los Angeles.
KAUFMAN, ALAN W M 21 Berkeley, CA Student, Univ. of California
(Berkeley, CA)
Born in Riverside, CA, in July 1940.
LEONS, WILLIAM W M 26 Los Angeles, CA Graduate student, UCLA
Born in Rotterdam, Netherlands, in August 1935. Currently a professor of anthropology at
the University of Toledo (Toledo, OH). Specialist in Latin American, peasant, immigrant,
and Southeast Asian studies.
MANN, HERBERT S. W M 35 Los Angeles, CA Postal worker
Born in Steinbach Connersberg, Germany, in August 1925. Attended Los Angeles City
College. Spokesman for CORE in Los Angeles. Led protests against housing discrimination
in Los Angeles in the mid-1960s. Died in Pasadena, CA, on June 5, 2003, at the age of 77.
PAVESIC, MAX W M 21 Los Angeles, CA Student, UCLA
G
REGORY
Born in Chicago, IL, in August 1939. Raised in Los Angeles, Graduate of Los Angeles City
College (A.A., 1959), UCLA (B.A., 1962), and Univ. of Colorado (M.A., 1966, and Ph.D.,
1971). Taught anthropology at Idaho State (1967–1971) and Boise State Univ. (1978–2001).
Author of Backtracking: Ancient Art of Southern Idaho (1993) and co-editor of Stone Tool
Analysis: Essays in Honor of Don E. Crabtree. Currently serves as chair of the Idaho State
Historical Society’s Board of Trustees and president of the Great Basin Anthropological
Assoc.
POSNER, PHILIP M. W M 22 Los Angeles, CA Student, Hebrew Union College
(Hollywood, CA)
Born in Tucson, AZ, in December 1938. Grew up in Southern California. Graduate of
UCLA (B.A., history, 1962) and Hebrew Union College (1968). Worked as an assistant to
Rabbi Jack Rothschild in Atlanta (1968–1971). Spent most of his career as a rabbi at
Temple Beth El in Riverside, CA, before moving to the Mizpah Congregation in
Chattanooga, TN (1997–2002). Retired in 2002 and currently works as a part-time rabbi
near Guadalajara, Mexico, spending his summers in San Antonio, TX.
SINGLETON, HELEN B F 28 Los Angeles, CA Student, Santa Monica City
I
RENE College
See epilogue. Born in Philadelphia, PA, in November 1932. Wife of Freedom Rider Robert
Singleton. Graduate of Moore Inst. of Art and Loyola Marymont Univ. (M. Arts Admin.).
Artist and director of Los Angeles art gallery.