API Std 618-2007 Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services

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Figure I-1—Typical Buffered Single Compartment Distance Piece Vent, Drain, and Buffer Arrangement to Minimize

Process Gas Leakage

Notes:

1. See 6.12.2 and 6.13.1.6

2. Buer gas pressure must be at least 1 bar (15

pounds per square inch) higher than the

disposal system pressure at connection A or

connection G (in the outboard distance piece)

whichever is higher.

3. The oil wiper packing may

be on the distance

piece side of the partition and integral with the

buer seal packing (1).

4. In some cases, lower buer and vent

pressures than the examples shown in the

packing details may be necessary to

accomodate the pressure limitations

of large

distance pieces.

5. Several other distance piece and packing

arrangements for pressuring, buering,

purging, and venting are possible, and the

arrangement to be used should be agreed upon

between the purchaser and the vendor.

6. Some users may choose to shutdown as

well

as alarm in some cases.

7. Fixed pressure control or dierential pressure

control depending on the variability of the

disposal system.

8. Keep the disposal from the distance piece

liquid collection pot and packing leakage liquid

collection separate. The distance

piece liquid

collection pot should be connected to a vapor

recovery system or a low pressure are system.

The packing leakage liquid collection pot can

be connected to either a vapor recovery, a low

pressure are, or a conventional are

system.

9. To or from other cylinders on the same

machine. When dierent cylinders on a

common frame are in dierent services,

individual isolation of vents and drains may be

required.

Intended Mode of Operation

• The distance piece operates at disposal system pressure-usually a gauge pressure of 0.15 to 0.4 bar (2 to 5

pounds per square inch) and is lled with a mixture of inert buer gas and process gas. The packing vent TI

allows monitoring of

the packing condition. There is normally no process gas leakage into the distance

piece. Under abnormal conditions (such as packing deterioration), the rate of leakage of process gas into

the crosshead guide is dependent on the condition of the pressure packing and the buer seal packing (1).

• Alternati

vely, the disposal system may be operated at a vacuum, at an absolute pressure of 0.7 to 0.9 bar

(10 to 13 pounds per square inch), based on an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.7 pounds per square

inch), in which case the crosshead guide leakage may

be into the distance piece, and a pump could be

needed for the distance piece liquid collection pot drain.

• The liquid collection pots will require occasional draining.

• The distance piece vent header PSH is set to alarm (or shutdown) if the pressure packing on one cylinder

fails.

Legend:

A Vent, distance piece – NPS 1.50

B Purge, buer, or pressure, packing or distance piece – NPS 1.00

C Lube, pressure packing – NPS 1.00

D Drain, distance piece – NPS 1.00

E Coolant out, pressure packing – NPS 1.00

F Coolant in, pressure packing – NPS 1.00

G Common vent and drain, pressure

packing – NPS 1.00

(1) Buer seal packing

(2) Intermediate partition packing

- - - - - - - - - - - Electrical signal

Typically, all components external to distance piece or as shown in

broken line – – – – – are furnished by purchaser.

Note:

This is a typical system and may

require modication based on

specic user requirements

(see I.1).

To disposal system

(e.g. vapor recovery

or low pressure are)

(see note 8)

Oil and condensate

drain

From other

cylinders

(note 9)

Leak os from cylinder and clearance

pocket unloaders. (optional - note 9)

Pressure packing combined vent and drain

Distance piece drain

Monitoring

(note 6)

Nom. 6 BAR

(

100 PSIG)

Buer gas supply

Filter

(note 2)

(note 6)

To other

cylinders

(note 9)

Buer gas (note 2)

Distance piece vent [see I.5(i)]

5-50 SCFH

Monitoring

B C B

Frame end

Crosshead

Crosshead guide

Outboard

distance piece

Access opening

(solid cover)

Oil wiper packing

(see note 3)

Partition

Oil slinger

Piston rod

Pressure

packing

(1)

Piston

Cylinder

TE TI

PRV

PDI

From other

cylinders

(note 9)

From other

cylinders

(note 9)

Slope

PCV

DPCV

PSL

Nom. 6 BAR

(100 PSIG)

Buer gas supply

Filter

(note 2)

(note 6)

To other

cylinders

(note 9)

PRV

PDI

PCV

PIPSL PI

PSH

Distance piece

liquid collection pot

Slope

Monitoring

Slope

Packing leakage

liquid collection pot

To disposal system

(note 8)

Oil and condensate

drain

FOR VARIABLE PRESSURE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS – NOTE 7

FOR CONSTANT PRESSURE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS – NOTE 7

TYPE A DISTANCE PIECE TYPE B DISTANCE PIECE

5-50 SCFH

Monitoring

BCB

Frame end

Crosshead

Crosshead guide

Outboard

distance piece

Access opening

(solid cover)

Oil wiper packing

(see note 3)

Partition

Piston rod

Pressure

packing

(1)

Piston

Cylinder

TETI

RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS FOR PETROLEUM, CHEMICAL, AND GAS INDUSTRY SERVICES 161

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS

Not for Resale, 01/01/2008 21:15:45 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,`,,,,`,``,,```,`,,`,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Figure I-2—Typical Buffered Two Compartment Distance Piece Vent, Drain, and Buffer Arrangement to Minimize

Process Gas Leakage

PRV

To disposal system

(e.g. vapor recovery

or low pressure are)

(note 12)

Oil and condensate

drain

From other

cylinders

(note 13)

Leak os from cylinder and clearance

pocket unloaders. (optional - note 13)

Inboard distance piece drain

Outboard distance piece drain

Pressure packing combined vent and drain

(Monitoring)

(note 9)

Nom.

6 BAR

(100 PSIG)

Buer gas supply

Filter

(note 2)

(note 9)

To other

cylinders

(note 13)

(note 9)

Buer gas pressure P

(note 2)

Distance piece vent [see I.5 (i)]

Buer gas pressure P

(notes 2, 10)

5-50 SCFH

Monitoring

B B B B A

D G

C B

Frame end

Crosshead

Crosshead guide

Inboard

distance piece

Access opening

(solid cover)

Outboard

distance piece

Access opening

(solid cover)

Oil wiper packing

(note 3)

Partition

Optional inboard

distance piece purge

Intermediate

partition

Optional intermediate partition

packing purge

Oil slinger

Piston rod

Pressure

packing

(1)

(2); (note 4)

Piston

Cylinder

PRV

5-50 SCFH

(Monitoring)

BBBBA

BACB

Frame end

Crosshead

Crosshead guide

Inboard

distance piece

Access opening

(solid cover)

Outboard

distance piece

Access opening

(solid cover)

Oil wiper packing

(note 3)

Partition

Optional inboard

distance piece purge

Intermediate

partition

Optional intermediate partition

packing purge

Oil slinger

Piston rod

Pressure

packing

(1)

(2); (note 4)

Piston

Cylinder

TETI TE TI

PRV

PDI

From other

cylinders

(note 13)

From other

cylinders

(note 13)

From other

cylinders

(note 13)

Slope

PCV

DPCV

PSLPI

PSL

Nom. 6 BAR

(100 PSIG)

Buer gas supply

Filter

(note 2)

(note 9)

To other

cylinders

(note 13)

To other cylinders

(note 13)

To other cylinders

(note 13)

(note 9)

PRV

PDI

PCV

PSL PI

PCV

PSH

Distance piece

liquid collection pot

Slope

NC NO

(Monitoring)

Slope

drain

Packing leakage

liquid collection pot

To disposal system

(note 12)

Oil and condensate

drain

Notes:

1. See 6.12.2 and 6.13.1.6

2. Buer gas pressure P

must be at

least 1 bar (15 pounds per square

inch) higher than the disposal

system pressure at connection A or

connection G (in the outboard

distance piece) whichever is higher.

Buer gas pressure P

must be at

least 1 bar (15 pounds per square

inch) higher than the disposal

system pressure at connection A (in

the outboard distance piece).

3. The oil wiper packing may be on

the distance piece side of the

partition and integral with the

buer seal packing (1).

4. The intermediate partition

packing (2) may be buered in

addition to the pressure packing in

which case the inboard distance

piece may be vented to the

atmosphere.

5. In some cases, lower buer and

vent pressures than the examples

shown may be necessary

accomodate the pressure

limitations of large distance pieces.

6. Several other distance piece and

packing arrangements for

pressuring, buering, purging, and

venting are possible, and the

arrangement to be used should be

agreed upon between the

purchaser and the vendor.

7. The

orientation of the distance

piece and packing ange/case

connections may vary depending

on the individual distance piece and

the type of packing case used.

8. The intermediate partition

packing (2) may be located in the

outboard distance piece on the

other side of the partition from that

sho

wn.

9. Some users may choose to

shutdown as well as alarm in some

cases.

10. Buer gas may be fed either to

the buer seal packing (1) as

shown, or directly into the inboard

distance piece.

11. Fixed pressure control or

dierential pressure

control

depending on the variability of the

disposal system.

12. Keep the disposal from the

distance piece liquid collection pot

and packing leakage liquid

collection separate. The distance

piece liquid collection pot should

be connected to a vapor recovery

system or a low pressure are

system. The packing leakage liquid

collection pot can be connected to

either a vapor recovery, a low

pressure are, or a conventional

are system.

13. To or from other cylinders on

the same machine. When dierent

cylinders on a common frame are in

dierent services, individual

isolation of vents and drains may be

required.

Intended Mode of Operation

• The inboard distance piece is full of inert buer gas and will stabilize at a gauge pressure of 0.7 to 1 bar

(10 to 15 pounds per square

inch). Infrequent oil draining is required.

• The outboard distance piece operates at disposal system pressure-usually a gauge pressure of 0.15 to 0.4 bar (2 to 5 pounds per

square inch) and is lled with a mixture of buer gas and

process gas. The packing vent TI allows monitoring of the packing

condition. There is normally no process gas leakage into the distance piece. Under abnormal conditions (such as packing

deterioration), the rate of leakage of process gas into the crosshead guide is dependent on the condition of the pressure packing,

the

intermediate partition packing (2), and the buer seal packing (1).

• Alternatively, the disposal system may be operated at a vacuum, at an absolute pressure of 0.7 to 0.9 bar (10 to 13 pounds per

square inch), based on an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar

(14.7 pounds per square inch), in which case the crosshead guide leakage

may be into the distance piece, and a pump could be needed for the distance piece liquid collection pot drain.

• The liquid collection pots will require occasional draining.

• The distance piece vent header PSH is

set to alarm (or shutdown) if the pressure packing on one cylinder fails.

Legend:

A Vent, distance piece – NPS 1.50

B Purge, buer, or pressure, packing or distance piece – NPS 1.00

C Lube, pressure packing – NPS 1.00

D Drain, distance piece – NPS 1.00

E Coolant out, pressure packing – NPS 1

.00

F Coolant in, pressure packing – NPS 1.00

G Common vent and drain, pressure packing – NPS 1.00

(1) Buer seal packing

(2) Intermediate partition packing

- - - - - - - - - - - Electrical signal

Typically, all components external to distance piece or as shown in broken line – –

– – – are furnished by purchaser.

Note:

This is a typical system and may

require modication based on

specic user requirements

(see I.1).

FOR VARIABLE PRESSURE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS – NOTE 11 FOR CONSTANT PRESSURE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS – NOTE 11

TYPE C DISTANCE PIECE TYPE D DISTANCE PIECE

162 API STANDARD 618

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS

Not for Resale, 01/01/2008 21:15:45 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,`,,,,`,``,,```,`,,`,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Figure I-3—Typical Purged Packing Arrangements

WTPR (see note 4)

Buﬀer gas

(see note 3)

Inert buﬀer

gas pressure P

(see note 2)

Packing vent to disposal

system (ﬂare) maximum

gauge pressure 1.5 bar

(25 psi)

Distance piece side

Cylinder head

Cylinder side

Cylinder

gas pressure

PRESSURE PACKING WITH INERT BUFFER GAS PURGE

Process gas

Buﬀer gas

(see note 3)

Distance piece

intermediate

partition

Inboard

distance piece

WTPR

(see note 4)

Outboard

distance piece

Buﬀer gas

(see note 3)

Inert buﬀer

gas pressure P

(see note 2)

INTERMEDIATE PAR TITION PACKING WITH INERT BUFFER GAS PURGE

(Not Used With Type A & B Distance Pieces)

WTPR

(see note 4)

Buﬀer gas

(see note 3)

Distance piece

side

Oil slinger

Buﬀer gas

(see note 3)

Oil wiper

rings

Oil drain back

to crankase

Inert buﬀer

gas pressure P

(see note 2)

Frame/distance

piece partition

OIL WIPER PACKING WITH INERT BUFFER GAS PURGE

Notes:

1. See 6.12.2 and 6.13.1.6.

2. Buﬀer gas pressure P

must be at least 1 bar (15 pounds per square

inch) higher than the disposal system pressure at connection A or G (in the

outboard distance piece) whichever is higher. Buﬀer gas pressure P

must

be at least 1 bar (15 pounds per square inch) higher than the disposal

system pressure at connection A (in the outboard distance piece). See

Figures I-2 and I-3.

3. Under normal conditions, the buﬀer gas leakage rate is minimal. Under

abnormal conditions (such as packing deterioration), a higher buﬀer gas

leakage rate will occur.

4. WTPR = Wedge Type Packing Rings.

5. = Sealing face of packing cups.

RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS FOR PETROLEUM, CHEMICAL, AND GAS INDUSTRY SERVICES 163

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS

Not for Resale, 01/01/2008 21:15:45 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,`,,,,`,``,,```,`,,`,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS

Not for Resale, 01/01/2008 21:15:45 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,`,,,,`,``,,```,`,,`,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

165

Annex J

(informative)

Reciprocating Compressor Nomenclature

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS

Not for Resale, 01/01/2008 21:15:45 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,`,,,,`,``,,```,`,,`,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS

Not for Resale, 01/01/2008 21:15:45 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,`,,,,`,``,,```,`,,`,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Figure J-1—Reciprocating Compressor Nomenclature

Unloader Rain

Cover

(see 6.7.11)

PLAN VIEW

ELEVATION VIEW

Motor end

Main bearings

Crosshead guide

Crosshead

pin bushing

Connecting rod

pin bushing

Crosshead pin

Crosshead

Oil pump

end

Wear bands

(rider bands)

Distance piece

Piston rod

Crosshead guide

Connecting rod

Frame cover

Crosshead

pin bushing

Piston rod

locknut

Intermediate

partition packing

Piston rod

pressure packing

Gas

discharge

Clearance

pocket

unloader

Clearance

pocket

Suction

valve

Suction valve

unloaders

Gas

inlet

Suction valve

cage

Crosshead shoe

Oil wiper

packing

Piston rings

Cylinder liner

Cylinder head

(outer end or

head end)

Piston nut

Discharge

valve

Discharge valve

cage

Valve cover

Cylinder

Piston

Oil slinger

Cylinder head

(frame end or crank end)

Frame

Crankpin bearings

Frame

Suction

valve

Crankshaft

Port or Clearance

Pocket Unloader

(see 6.7.11)

Plug Type

Unloader

(see 6.7.11)

Finger Type

Unloader

(see 6.7.11)

Slot for

unloader

tubing

Cylinder

not

shown

Cylinder

not

shown

RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS FOR PETROLEUM, CHEMICAL, AND GAS INDUSTRY SERVICES 167

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS

Not for Resale, 01/01/2008 21:15:45 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,`,,,,`,``,,```,`,,`,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS

Not for Resale, 01/01/2008 21:15:45 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,`,,,,`,``,,```,`,,`,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

169

Annex K

(informative)

Inspector’s Checklist

This inspector’s checklist represents a summary of the potential inspection points mentioned in the main text. The final inspection

plan shall be agreed between purchaser and vendor and reflected in the quality plan.

Tab le K-1—Inspector’s Checklist

Item

Referenced

Clause API 618

Date Inspected Inspected By Status

Material Inspection 8.2.2.1

Crankshaft Ultrasonic Inspection 8.2.2.3.3

Piping Fabrication and Installation

Hydrostatic Test—Cylinders 8.3.2.1

Hydrostatic Test—Piping and Vessels 8.3.2.1

Gas Leakage Test 8.3.2.2

Shop Test 8.3.3.1

Bar-over Test Piston Rod Runout per Runout Table in Annex C 8.3.4.1

Cylinder Valve Leak Test 8.3.4.3

Additional Tests—As Specified

Crankshaft Web Deflection

Examination of Internals for Cleanliness:

Piping

Crankcase

Pulsation Suppressors

Coolers

Filters

Other

Rotation Arrow 6.16.2

Overall Dimensions and Connection Locations

Flange Dimensions and Finish

Anchor Bolt Layout and Size

Painting 8.4.5

Corrosion Protection—Exterior 8.4.6

8.4.17

Corrosion Protection—Interior 8.4.7

8.4.20

Corrosion Protection—Lubricated Surfaces 8.4.8

Closures of All Openings 8.4.10

8.4.11

8.4.12

Equipment Nameplate Data 6.16.2

Packing for Shipment 8.4.14

Equipment Identification 8.4.15

Piping Connections Identification (Tagging) 8.4.19

Additional Inspections—As Specified

Check against certified drawings.

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS

Not for Resale, 01/01/2008 21:15:45 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,`,,,,`,``,,```,`,,`,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS

Not for Resale, 01/01/2008 21:15:45 MST

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,`,,,,`,``,,```,`,,`,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---