Антропова Н.А., Садыков Т.Д. Геодезическое обеспечение нефтегазопроводов и газонефтехранилищ
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ȼɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ.
ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ:
,
.
.
Ɉɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɞɨ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɝɨ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ
ɱɺɬɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ (ɦɦ) ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɭ Ƚɚɭɫɫɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ:
Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ:
,
.
ɑɟɬɜɺɪɬɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ:
,
.
ɉɹɬɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ:
,
.
131
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɩɨ-
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɨɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɜɫɟ
ɱɢɫɥɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɤ 3, 4, 6, 7, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɡɧɚɤ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɩɢ-
ɲɟɦ ɜɧɢɡɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɨɥɛɢɤɨɜ. Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟ-
ɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ
(7.2)
ȼ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ:
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ 1 ɦɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ. ɂɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɩɨ-
ɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɫɱɺɬɚ ɩɨ ɪɟɣɤɟ.
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
(7.3)
ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɭɸ ɧɟɜɹɡɤɭ fh
ɮ
:
.
Ɉɧɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ:
(7.4)
ȼ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ:
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɚɦɢ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪ-
ɦɭɥɟ:
132
(7.5)
ɝɞɟ n – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ.
ɉɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɡɧɚɤ, ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɡɧɚɤɭ ɧɟɜɹɡɤɢ,
ɢɯ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɹɟɦ ɞɨ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɦɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɜɹɡɤɚ ɦɚɥɚ, ɬɨ ɧɟ-
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɭɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɩɪɚɜ-
ɤɢ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɜɹɡɤɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨ-
ɜɟɪɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɨɤ ɪɚɜɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɧɟɜɹɡ-
ɤɟ, ɜɡɹɬɨɣ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ, ɬ.ɟ.
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦ ɧɚɞ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɜ ɫɬɨɥɛɢɤɟ 7 ɬɚɛɥ. 7.1 (ɬɚɛɥ. 7.2).
ɂɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ (h
ɫɪ
ɢɫɩɪ
) ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪ-
ɦɭɥɟ
(7.6)
ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɛɢɤ 8 ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɣ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɫɫɟ, ɜɵɱɢɫ-
ɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ
133
.
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɨ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ
ɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɛɢɤ 10 ɬɚɛɥ. 7.1 (ɬɚɛɥ. 7.2):
,(7.6)
ɝɞɟ
– ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɯɨɞɚ, – ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭ-
ɳɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɯɨɞɚ,
– ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɷɬɢɦɢ ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ.
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ – ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ
ɬɨɱɤɢ ɯɨɞɚ (ɉɄ 4) ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ, ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɟɺ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɨ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ ɩɥɸɫɨɜɵɯ (ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ) ɬɨɱɟɤ ɧɚ
ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
ɢɥɢ (7.8)
ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɛɢɤ 9 ɬɚɛɥ. 7.1 (ɬɚɛɥ. 7.2). ɗɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ
ɬɚɤ – ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɟ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ (ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ) ɬɨɱɤɢ
ɩɥɸɫ ɨɬɫɱɺɬ ɩɨ ɱɺɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɪɟɣɤɢ, ɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɣ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ.
134
Ƚɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ:
Ƚɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ:
Ƚɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ 1-ɣ ɢ 2-ɣ
ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɬɚɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɥɸɫɨɜɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ.
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ (ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɩɥɸɫɨɜɨɣ
ɬɨɱɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɚ
ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɦɢɧɭɫ ɨɬɫɱɺɬ ɩɨ ɪɟɣɤɟ, ɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɣ
ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ):
. (7.9)
Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɩɥɸɫɨɜɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɡɚɧɨɫɢɦ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 7.1. (ɬɚɛɥ. 7.2.).
135
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7.2
ɀɭɪɧɚɥ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ʋ
ɫɬɚɧ-
ɰɢɢ
ʋ ɩɢɤɟɬɨɜ
ɢ ɩɥɸɫ.
ɬɨɱɟɤ
Ɉɬɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɨ ɪɟɣɤɚɦ, ɦɦ ɉɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ, ɦɦ Ƚɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ ɢɧ-
ɫɬɪɭɦɟɧ-ɬɚ, ɦ,
(Ƚɂ)
Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ɬɨɱɟɤ, ɦ
ɡɚɞɧɟɣ (ɚ) ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ (b) ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬ. ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧ. (h) ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ (h
ɫɪ.
)
ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥ. (h
ɢ
)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8
9 10
1 ɉɄ0 2875 (1)
2765 (5)
-5
185,673 182,798
+56 7642 (4)
0775
2764 2759
184,898
ɉɄ1
0110 (2)
2763 (6)
185,557
4879 (3)
2 ɉɄ1 0132
-2614
+20 4900
0186
-5
185,503
+70
0790
-2616 -2621
185,689
184,899
ɉɄ2
2746
-2617
182,936
7517
3 ɉɄ2 1167
284
-5
5937
286 281
ɉɄ3
0883
289
183,217
5648
4 ɉɄ3 0308
-1938
-5
5075
-1938 -1943
x
2246
-1938
7013
5 x 0460
-1812
-6
5230
-1810 -1816
ɉɄ4
2272
-1808
179,458
7038
6ɡ = 3326
6ɩ = 40352
6h = – 6626
= – 3314
= – 3340
6ɡ–
6
ɩ= – 6620 ɦɦ; h
ɬ
ɪ
ɚɫɫɵ ɢɫɬ.
= – 3340 ɦɦ; fh= 27 ɦɦ; ǻfh = -5; -5; -5; -5; -6 ɦɦ;
136
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ 7.2. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ-
ɬɚɬɚɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɬɚɛɥ. 7.1) Ɇ 1:2000.
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɟɣ-
ɲɢɦ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɧ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚ-
ɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ ɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɢɤɟɬɚɠɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɠɤɢ
11
.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶ-
ɧɵɣ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 10 ɪɚɡ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ-
ɝɨ. ɉɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɪɢ-
ɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ..
ȼɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ
ɬɪɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ 5 – 7 ɫɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɥɢ-
ɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɭɫɥ
ɨɜ
ɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ
ɤɪɚɬɧɚ 10.
ɇɢɠɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɫɬɪɨɹɬ ɫɟɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ,
ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢ-
ɩɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɢ ɝɪɚɮ ɫɟɬɤɢ, ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɹɦɢ.
ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 170 ɦ (ɪɢɫ.
7.1).
ɇɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɍȽ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɢɤɟɬɵ ɢ ɩɥ
ɸɫɨɜɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ-
ɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɚɯ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ
ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-
ɥɹɟɦɵ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ,
ɬ.ɟ.
ɉɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɜ ɤɨɧɰɵ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɨɜ ɥɢ-
ɧɢɟɣ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ.
11
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɢɤɟɬɚɠɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɠɤɢ ɱɟɪɬɢɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɧ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ.
137
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ 7.3. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɧɟɜɹɡɤɢ ɢ ɟɺ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦ ɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɧɨɦ ɯɨɞɟ ɞɥɢɧɨɸ 5 ɤɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɣ
ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ – 87,650 ɦ, ɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ + 87,636 ɦ.
138
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7.1
139
ɇɢɜɟɥɢɪɧɵɣ ɯɨɞ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ: ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɦ (ɪɢɫ. 7.1,
ɚ); ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɜɢɫɹɱɢɦ (ɪɢɫ. 7.1, ɛ); ɨɩɢɪɚɸ-
ɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɬɜɺɪɞɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚɦɢ (ɪɢɫ. 7.1, ɜ).
Ɋɢɫ. 7.1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɧɵɯ ɯɨɞɨɜ
ɋɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɣ ɯɨɞ ɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ.
ɇɟɜɹɡɤɭ ɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
. (7.10)
Ɉɧɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭ-
ɥɟ:
(7.11)
ɇɟɜɹɡɤɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɩɨɥɚɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɩɨɪɨɜɧɭ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ.
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.
140