Ackerlind Sheila R., Jones-Kellogg Rebecca. Portuguese: A Reference Manual
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Portuguese
312
pregar
to preach, lecture; to nail, fasten, attach, affix
premiar
to award [prize]
prender
to apprehend, seize, arrest; to fasten, attach
preocupar(-se com)
to (be) preoccupy (preoccupied), worry (worried), concern(ed)
(about)
preparar(-se para)
to prepare (to get ready to)
pressentir
to have a presentiment, predict, suspect
pretender
to intend, aspire to
prevenir
to prevent; to (fore)warn
prever
to foresee, anticipate
principiar (por)
to begin (by)
produzir
to produce
proferir
to proffer, offer [something intangible];
to declare [decree, etc.], deliver [speech, etc.]
progredir
to progress
proibir
to prohibit
prolongar
to prolong
prometer
to promise
promover
to promote
prosseguir
to prosecute, pursue; to proceed
proteger
to protect
puxar
to pull
quebrar
to break, fragment
queixar-se (de)
to complain (about)
querer
to want, wish, desire
rasgar
to tear (up), rip
reabilitar
to rehabilitate
reabrir
to reopen
reagir
to react
realizar(-se)
to achieve, accomplish (to take place, happen)
recair
to fall back / again, relapse
recear(-se de)
to fear, dread, be apprehensive (about)
receber
to receive
receitar
to prescribe
rechear
to stuff [poultry, etc.], fill, add a filling
recitar
to recite
reclamar (de)
to complain (about)
recluir
to seclude
recobrir
to re-cover, cover again
recomendar
to recommend
reconhecer
to recognize
recusar(-se a)
to reject, deny, refuse (to)
redizer
to say over and over, repeat
reduzir
to reduce
refazer(-se)
to redo, remake, repair, fix (to recover, rally)
Verb List
313
referir(-se a)
to refer, relate, allude (to)
refletir
to reflect
refluir
to flow back, ebb, recede
regist(r)ar
to register
regressar
to return
relampejar
to lighten [lightning]
remediar
to remedy
repelir
to repel
repetir
to repeat
repor(-se)
to replace, (be) restore(d)
reproduzir
to reproduce
reprovar
to reprove, disapprove, reproach; to fail, flunk [course / exam]
requerer
to require
reservar
to reserve
resignar(-se a)
to (be) resign(ed) (to)
resistir(-se a)
to resist
resolver(-se a)
to resolve, decide (to)
respeitar
to respect
respirar
to breathe
ressentir(-se de)
to resent (to be resentful about / over)
reter
to retain, keep, hold
rever
to review, see again, examine, check, proofread
revestir(-se de)
to dress in, put on; to overlay, plate (to be marked by)
revir
to return, come back
rir(-se de)
to laugh (at)
rodear
to surround, encircle
roer
to gnaw, corrode, erode
rogar
to pray, beg, plead, entreat, implore
romper (com)
to break (up with)
roubar
to rob, steal
saber
to know [thing]
saber (+ infinitive)
to know how (+ infinitive)
saborear
to savor
sacudir
to shake
sair (de)
to depart, leave [place], exit
salvar
to save [person / thing]
satisfazer
to satisfy
secar
to dry
seduzir
to seduce
seguir
to follow, continue
segurar
to secure
selecionar
to select
semear
to seed, sow, plant
sentar(-se)
to seat (to sit down)
sentir(-se)
to feel; to feel / be sorry
Portuguese
314
ser
to be [permanent / inherent]
servir
to serve
sofrer
to suffer
soltar
to loosen, release, let go
sonhar (com)
to dream (about)
sorrir (para)
to smile (at)
sotopor
to put / place beneath / under / below; to postpone, defer
suar
to sweat
subir (em)
to go up (to get on / in [vehicle])
submergir
to submerge
subtrair
to subtract
sugerir
to suggest
suicidar-se
to commit suicide
sujeitar
to subject
sumir
to vanish, disappear
supor
to suppose
suportar
to support, bear, uphold; to put up with, tolerate
suprimir
to suppress
surpreender
to surprise
suspeitar
to suspect; to distrust, mistrust
suspender
to suspend
suspirar (por)
to sigh (to long for)
sustentar
to sustain, maintain, support
suster
to sustain, support
tardar (em)
to take...[one's time] in / to, linger, (be) delay(ed)
tecer
to weave, spin
teimar (em)
to insist (on), be stubborn (about)
telefonar (para)
to telephone, call
temer
to fear, dread
temperar
to season, flavor
ter
to have, possess, own; to be, feel [ill, etc.];
there to be [to exist]
ter (+ past participle)
to have (+ past participle)
ter de (+ infinitive)
to have to, must [do something]
ter que (+ infinitive)
to have to, must [do something]
terminar
to terminate, finish, end
tingir
to tint, dye
tirar
to take (out / off / away), remove; to throw; to pull
tocar
to touch; to play [instrument]
tomar
to grasp; to take [medicine, etc.]; to eat, drink
torcer (por)
to twist (to root for)
tornar(-se)
to return; to change, transform (to become, change / turn into)
tornar a (+ infinitive)
to...again
tossir
to cough
trabalhar
to work [person]
Verb List
315
traduzir
to translate
trair
to betray
transcrever
to transcribe
transferir
to transfer
transpirar
to sweat
tratar(-se de)
to treat, be about, deal with, concern
trazer
to bring
tropeçar (em)
to trip, stumble (over)
trovejar
to thunder
untar
to anoint; to grease, oil
usar
to use
vacilar (em)
to vacillate (in), hesitate (to / in)
vagar
to vacate, become vacant; to roam, wander, drift, rove
vaguear
to wander, rove, roam, ramble, stroll; to loiter, loaf
valer
to be worth(y)
varrer
to sweep
vencer
to vanquish, conquer, triumph, defeat, overcome
vender
to sell
ventar
to be windy
ver
to see
vestir(-se)
to (get) dress(ed)
viajar
to travel
vingar(-se de)
to avenge, take / wreak vengeance (on)
vir
to come
viver
to live, be alive
voar
to fly
voltar
to return
voltar a (+ infinitive)
to...again
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WORKS CONSULTED
Portuguese
318
REFERENCE WORKS
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Press, 2005.
Bergström, Magnus, and Neves Reis. Prontuário ortográfico e Guia da língua portuguesa.
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Butt, John, and Carmen Benjamin. A New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish. London:
Edward Arnold, 1988.
Camara, J. Mattoso, Jr. The Portuguese Language. Trans. Anthony J. Naro. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1972.
Castagnaro, R. Anthony. A Portuguese Primer. New York: Peter Lang, 1989.
Cunha, Celso, and Lindley Cintra. Nova gramática do Português contemporâneo. 2nd ed.
Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1985.
Garcia, Frederick C. H. A Handbook of Portuguese Grammar. West Point NY: U.S. Military
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Hartmann, R. R. K., and F. C. Stork. Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. London:
Applied Science Publishers, 1976.
Hutchinson, Amélia, and Janet Lloyd. Portuguese: An Essential Grammar. London: Routledge,
1996.
Masip, Vicente. Gramática de Português como língua estrangeira: Fonologia, ortografia e
morfossintaxe. São Paulo: Editora Pedagógica e Universitária (EPU), 2000.
Mateus, Maria Helena, and Ernesto d'Andrade. The Phonology of Portuguese. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2002.
Menéndez Pidal, Ramón. Manual de gramática histórica española. 11th ed. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe,
1962.
Pei, Mario A., and Frank Gaynor. A Dictionary of Linguistics. New York: Philosophical Library,
1954.
Perini, Mário A. Modern Portuguese: A Reference Grammar. New Haven: Yale University Press,
2002.
Portal da Língua Portuguesa. Acordo Ortográfico de 1990.
www.portaldalinguaportuguesa.org/index.php?action=acordo&version=1990
–––––. Nomenclatura Gramatical Brasileira.
www.portaldalinguaportuguesa.org/?action=ngbras
–––––. Nomenclatura Gramatical Portuguesa.
www.portaldalinguaportuguesa.org/?action=nomenclatura
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D. C. Heath, 1977.
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Tyson-Ward, Sue. Portuguese: Verbs and Essentials of Grammar. Chicago: NTC / Contemporary
Publishing Group, 1997.
Works Consulted
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Ulsh, Jack L. From Spanish to Portuguese. Washington DC: Dept. of State, Foreign Service
Institute, 1971.
Vázquez Cuesta, Pilar, and Maria Albertina Mendes da Luz. Gramática portuguesa. 3rd ed. 2 vols.
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1996.
Portuguese
320
TEXTBOOKS
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INDEX OF TOPICS
Accent marks
xvii, xxv, xxxii–xxxiii, 2, 22–23, 25–28
Accentuation
25–28
Active voice
xxv, 98, 147, 148–150
Address, forms of
88
Adjectives
57–66, 68–70
abbreviated forms
57
cognate patterns
40–45, 47
demonstratives
103–106, 139
contractions
106, 121n7, 277, 278
gender
xxvi, 57, 62–67
number / plural
xxvii, 57, 58–61
past participles (used as)
144–145, 147
placement
68
possessives
100–102, 103, 275, 277
Adverbs and adverb phrases
75–76, 103, 289–296
cognate patterns
47
Affirmative words
117–119, 281
Alphabet
12–15
Arithmetical operations
74
Articles (definite / indefinite)
54–56, 64n6, 65, 68, 81, 101, 138, 139
contractions
56, 278
Augmentatives
59n2, 70
Capitalization
20
Cardinal numbers: see Numbers
Clauses, subordinate (see also specific tenses)
xxv, xxx
indicative clauses
151
adjective clauses
201–202
adverb clauses
203–206
conditional clauses
208
noun clauses
197, 198n3, 199nn2–3, 200n4, 220
interrogative clauses
113–116
nonrestrictive (adjective) clauses
xxvii, 108n2, 109n1
relative clauses
107–112
replaced by personal infinitives
124, 140–141
restrictive (adjective) clauses
xxix, 108n2
subjunctive clauses
184–185, 197–209
adjective clauses
184–185, 201–202
adverb clauses
184–185, 203–206
conditional clauses
176, 180, 183, 207–208
noun clauses
184–185, 197–200, 220
with subordinating conjunctions
133–134, 197–208