Yugoslav Committee on Large Dams. Dams in Yugoslavia
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FRINTED
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rurp ffllina BEocRAD
-
JASE
pRoDANovtcA
2
-
AT
TNDUSTRIE
GBAFIiCHE
BRESCIAI{E
lewie
Publishe,d b
ot'r
L
,Of
t
of
ICOL,D
i
Ghairman:
Prof.
Vice-chairman
| | ijar
Proli.
ANI
Itvla
Mi
the
Yugoslav
Comnlittee
Publie
par
le
rge Dams
on the occasizn
des
Grands
e 39th Executive
Me,eting
Dubrovnik,
Clctober |
97'
l
.
de
la
39e
Re
de la CIGB
e
Editorial
Board:
VERCON,
B.Sc.C.E.
MRVOS,
B.Sc.C.E.
Members:
l-eENTO,
B.Sc.C.E.
o
CALOGOVIC,
B.Sc.C.E.
ag
PAVLOVIC,
B.Sc.C.E.
lvo
SENICA.
B.Sc.C.E.
oza
TUCAKOV.
B.Sc.C.E.
:
Vera
NlKSIC.
8.,A.
. Joza
Prof.
Vera
NIKSIC
ite Y
ougosli?ve
arr
es a l'occa,sion
nio
Exdcutiv
e
ubovnik,
oc:tolb're
Prof.
Ing.
Milan
VEF|CON
Milan
MRI/OS
bres
ln
Pr
ln
In
ln
Rr
. llija
f. lng.
. Miod
. lvo
NDONOSKI-EENTO
rko
eALOGOVIC
PAVLOVIC
CA
I
q71
MILAN
VEREO
ON CONDI
AND DEVEL
IN
THE
CON
OF LARGE:
D
The
reserves
of
territory
are
!'ery
of
te basic
natural
The
surface
nrate
year
amount
to 20
represents
an ava
cubic
metres
per
the very
unsuiitabl
distribution
of
pr
intra-annual
oscill
as well
as
the
dis
structure
of
the n
in
critical
periods
of water
required
economy.
The
po
balance
accorcling
the regulation
and
whichr
are necessa
of
the
greates;t
available
water
as
for
removal
of da
A
special
plac'e
in
resources
has
the
-
estimate
to
be 64.
or
more
than
3,00
A
great part
of
thi
damnring
and
stori
use
of
the
mixed
systenr
of
Yugosla
large
dams
have
b
generation
pu
The
publicatiorr
international
publi
impontant
damrs
the
aim
to
make
represents
a
part
efforts
of
the
co
economic
domain.
The
total
number
and
of
those
und
amounts
to
92
so
-
coutries
which
hav
structures
in
relat
territory
and
to the
be pointed
out
that
..--
Yugoslavia
in
the
TRUCTION
DES GRANDS
MS
IN
YUGC)SLAVIA
EN
YOUGOS
ilable
water
Le l'ond
des
eaux
national
de
Ia
Youg
repr6sente
une
des
du
pays.
les
eaux
flaviaux
amontent
d
able
quantity
of water
of 10.0001
moyenne,
ce
qur
eq
habitant
de
'[0.000
nhabitant
annually.
However,
chronological
and regional
distribution
chronol
prdc:ipitations
et de
/es
grandes
oscillat
hydrologique
ainsi
jor
part
of
the territory
cause
expressivement
des
on
most
water-courses
shortage,
terri'toire
sonrf /es
in
river
courses
in
an
average
.10e
cubic
metres
what
ipitation
and
disclrarges,
great
ions
of
hydrologic
cycle
inctly
unfavourable
geologicill
n
all
branches
of water
ibility
of the
use
of water
o
that is
closely
connected
with
formation
of
storage
reserves
NS
MENT
mportant
and
resources
of
on
the Yugoslav
represent
one
the
,country.
CONDITIONS
DE
LA
CONS
d'eau, dans
I,es
peri
maiorite
des
cours
secteurs
de
I'econo
d'uti'liser
les eaux
/es
excds
des
crue
par
elles.
Une
place particulid
resources
naturelle
6nerg6tique
utilisabl
en a,nn6e
moyenne,
Yougtoslavie
au
cour
reprdsentent
tant
d
for
rational
utili:zation
6troitement
Ii6e
d
Ia
ible
quantity
of theoretically
Ia
rdalisation
des
r
ell
as
for flood
control
and
autant
pour
une
util
eaux th6oriquement
ges
caused
by the
flood.
the
use
of these
ample
available
water
power
natural
pote,ntial
year,0e KWh
in
an ?VeFoge
KWh
per
inhabitant.
potential
can
be used
only
by
g
waters
necessary
for
ratiional
at
Yugoslavia
ranks
among
the
a
great
number
of
such
mal
and hydroelectrical
power
habitant.
Une
grand
6tre exploitde
que
ia.
The fact
is
that 600/o
of
et l'accurnulation
d'
l'utilisation
ratianne
en
constructed
for
power
thermo
et hyd
ch
is
presented
to the
Soulignons
que
plus
contains
surveys
of 47
most
nstructed
in Yugoslavia
with
se
of
water
resoLtrces,
and
it
f
construction
anrj financial
nity
in
this
technical
anrl
afin
d'utiliser
/es
efforts
techniques
f
the
constructed
large
danrs
dans
ce
secteur
de
r
construction
in Yugoslavia
Le nombre
total
de
ont
etes
construits
Cette
publication
pr
international
contien
/es
plus
importants
misers
en chantier
s'elj've
a 92,
et
elle
to
the
size
of
the
state
dont le
nombre
d'
number
of
inhabitants.
lt
must
large
dams
constructed
in
ears
from
1945
to
1971
were
constructed
exclusively
by'
I'6tendue
du
territoi
Rappelons
que
/es
both
designed
a
ega
des
etudes que,
de
VIE
VELOPPEME:NT
UC IONS
AR
AGES
le
sur
le
territcti're
esf
tres
importiztnt
et
r-
- - t'
cubes.
Toutefois,,
la
et regionalet
des
barrages
construits
en
anndes
1945
-
1'g7l
sponi
slavi
es
250.1
vaut
tre
gtque
t'
nsl
ant
uses
es
eau
erve
atio
dis
etl
occu
des
oire,
ands
des
la
structu
re
geiol
o'g i
que
lement
trEs
d*f,avorablq,
rterannuelles
du
cycle
euse
de
Ia
plutrtizrt
du
principales
rde
manque
itiques,
dans
Ia
rfilisds
dans
les,
divers
ied
pays.
La
possibilitd
rdgul
b/es
est,
par
co,rrsdqueipt,
risation
des
eau.r
et
d
spon
ed
s l'utilisation
de>
le
potentlel
aux,
estime
d 6,4.10e
KWh
,ltta .to Q nnr) Vllll'tr ^^-
Ius
de
3.00(l
KVtt'h
par
ces
parti
rla
ormation
des
retenues
UI ispensable
pour
ed
s le
sysfdme
rn,ixte
Iectr
de
o/o
des
grands
b,arrage
des fins
6nerg6il'gues..
sent
des
cons
uits
en
Yourgosl,avie
ourc
s d'eau
et
,reldve
des
fina
l'6co
Era
let
rage
et
au
public
prol'essiondel
pergus
sur 47
barrage7
Yrlgoslav
engineers
and
building
conrtrelctors.
some
structures
are of
special
interest
forr
foreign
e>cperts,
particularly
the
dams
constructed
in
the
specific
karst
conditions,
where
ha,',re
been
found
technical
solutions
which
won
to
the
yugoslav
technology
a
distinguished
international position.
Tfre
speed
of the
construction
of
dams
has
been
constantly
very
high
IDiagram
No.
fl
)
.
but it
does
not
satisfy
the
growing
requirements
of
the
econcrny-,
and
particularly
dennlnrjs
for
integral
regulation
of
particular
river
basins
which
are
surbject
to
considerable
rnaterial
damages
owing
to
Ieurs
realisations
des
ingenieurs
et
des
entr
barrages
caracteristique
experts
6trangers,
en
construits
dans
des
co
karste
ou I'on
a
atteint
d la technique yougosl
de choix.
Le
rythme
de
la
const
et reste
rapide
(Diagra
il ne
satisfait
pas
aux
I'economie
et,
surtout,
Diagram
No.
1
(lncrease
of
the
number
of large
dams
in
the
period
1945-1971)
therir.
unregulated
waters.
The
fact
must
be
pointed
out
that'prior
to world
war
2
onty
eighrt
<Jams
were
constructed,
with
an
insignificant
storage
of
30.106
cubic
metres
of
water
only,
and
that
the
possibilities
for
erection
of
dams
?nrj
storage
reservoirs
were
entirely
unstudied.
over
90o/o
of'
the
dams
are
the
new
ones
erected
after
new
cornceptions
and
modern
nrethods
which
creative
original
solutions.
(
L',accroissemenf
durant
Ia
periode
l'arndnagement
qui
subissenf
considerables
II
laut
rappeler
qu'en
Y
guerre
mondiale
il
n'ava
grands
barrages
seul
ins,ignifiante
de
30.106
m
quet
/es
possibilites
de
ulteirieures
n'avaient
pas
PIus
de
90o/o
sonf
des
suivant
des
conceptions
introduites
dans
Ies
proi
modernes.
Evidemment,
I
des
recherches,
de I'ent
tect\nique
et
scientifique
laboratoires,
des
institut
maleriel
de
chantier
mod
ans,
de faqon
que
ce n'e
effa,rts
se
concretisent
e
--lud
!u-du---
--
dans Ie
nombre
et
la
com
rne,
a
du
s
surent
mal
ete
is,
'Q
'e
'6t
r
'agel
sd,
ri
a::
"natt
)s
al
ttef
t
sdr
e
es1
rui
e
)rna
res
tute
fs(
:lusiv,
ionale
'l'intt
es
ba
icifiqu
IOnS
(
:e
intr
barrag
ais,
fr
oissar
ait
Da
cl
'ia
t
'e,l
eXCt
nti<
snt
,le
spet
gattt
tlact
lsb
ma
cro
isf
a
nl
te
tf,
s,
is,
pl
'es
:itr
er
lr
tlit
p
de
)
s
:at
sa
des
Det
it
dt
rgers
:du
'
ass
ntio
iAl
(
tef'oi
IVE
r/es.
nter
barr
que,
;qu
nter
'age
toL
ant:
pas
auona
nt
l'ir
/es
I
pecifit
atrons
'ace
it
,UVI
rris
SU
'ticr
'itic
)st
)U,
:tiot
me
esc
ne
rt
tit
o<
e
integral
des
dam
d0s
i) I'ir
tres
cubes
d'eau
et
nsttuctions
fd rnises
d
l'6tude.
t ntethodes
nouvell'es
fs
ef
exdcutions
At
present,
the s
possibilities
of co
Out of 225
new
I
are
in the
stage
are of
structural
h
inventory
of
fr"rrthe
basins
and
locati
technical
condlition
for
construction
o
evidently
ensures
number
of
spr:cial
deal with
this
pro
abroad.
The
imperative
r
waters
by
const
been
mentioned
a
-*
(lncrease
of
store
constructed
in
the
_
These
requirernen
expressed
in
som
The
total
volunne
o
constructed
or by
--
amounts
to 10,088.
(Diagram
No.
:2)
irements
for
ion
of storage
dy.
ragram
water
period
te
of studying
further
la
qualitd
de
projet
et
ruction
is in
good progress.
de cette
periode
u
prend
lieu
ainsi
l'a
e
dams
the designs
of which
advanced
elaboration
28
dams
ight
over 120
m. T'he
general
studies
of
particular
river
ns
shows
us that
there
exis;t
and
economic
requirements
about
800 new
diams;
this
long-term
business
to
a
great
d
national
organizations
rryhic,h
lem
either
in Yugoslavia
or
regulation
of
res;ervoirs
have
mdthodes
et m€me
orig,inales.
des
L'6tizt
des 6tudes
s
cont;tructions
ulteri
r
les
avanc6.
Sur 225
g
dans la
phase
des
hauteur
de
constru ron
L'inventaire
gdneral
bass;ins
fluviaux
et
montre l'existence
6conomiques
pour
se
qui
donne
/'ass
pour
/es nombreus
ACCUMULATI ON
s
es
/es
iagra
rang
ux
ion
STOIIAGE
;;;;*BBsSsc
No.2
volume
created
by
194s
-
19711
are
particularly
strongly
river
,basins.
storages
created
by
dams
ose
under
constructlon
!iE
g
$
g
F
g
I E
g
E
E
E E E
6E $*x:'
dams
(L'accroissemenf
e
dans |es
retenues
d 1
specialisees
engagd
Yougloslavie
qu'd
l'e
On iv mentionnd
la
rdgularisation
des
retenues
d'a<:cumul
06
cubic
metres
certtrins
bassins
fl
aux.
i
se
manifestent
danq
constructio,n.
A
partir
acc issement
ac:cel6re
ication
adequatt;
des
utions
creittivet;
possibilitds
de
res
st actuelletnent
tres
iet
rrages
qui
se
trouvent
elabords,
28'
ont
une
plus
de
12.0
ntdtres.
sf
ance
en
prises
nati,onal'ets
e2
quan
ite
d'eau
ac:cuntul6e
e 1s71).
sda
ce
secteur
tatnt
en
eces ite
imp€rative
de
la
des
r Ia
construction,
udes
ultdrie,uresi
sur
/es
n
pl
acements
pcrs;sibles
ditions
tech'niqu'ers
ef
ire
encore
800
1\,arrageq,
d'une activite
prolongep
The
designs of
new
dams
with
the
present
storage
reservoirs
plan
the
formation of
a
total
storage
of
23,560.106
cubic
metres
of
water concentrated
in
most important
river
basins
of YuEosllavia such
as
the
basins of the
Drina, Vardar,
Morava,
Neretva,
Vribas, TrebiSnjica
etc. This figure is dlrawing
near
to
requirements
for
the
regulation of
water in
an
average
year
in
these river basins
which
demand
for the storage
volume
approaching
the
value of 30.000.106 cubic metres
out
of
which
23,000.106
cubic
metres
are
foreseen for the
power
compensation
with
an
effect of
18,550.106 kwh.
However. it is obvious that in this way the long-
term regulations are not
possible
whir:h
due to low
coefficients of
variations
of
main internal water
flo,ws
('C,,
:
0.19
-
0.25)
,
are very important.
Ur-
banization
with intense
development
of
industrialization
of
river valleys
in the future will
further
diminish the
possibility
of cronstruction
of large
storage reservoirs
and
will
increase the
necessity for
erection
of larger number of
dams
in
lateral
valleys
of large water-courses.
ln Yugoslavia
the
geological
and
geotechnical
characteristir;s
are
generally
very
heterogeneous
and
complex.
One third
of the ternitory, onr which
30o/o of
dams have
been built,
consists of
linrestones,
most frequently
cavernotls or very
karstified.
The
problems
of
storage
reservoir
impermeability
in
these
areas
are
very
pronunced
and
they have
required
a rapid
develrrpment
of
special
methods
of
geotechnical
and hydrogeological
investigations.
Accordingly,
in
addition
to standard
explorations
by means
of investigation
boreholes
there were
applied
amplly
geophysical
investigations
by
seismic
and
electrical
methods
as wr:ll
as
hydrogeological
investigations
by means
of
radio-
active
isotopes.
The
methods for
making
impermeable
such highly
pervious
grounds
have
led
to
application
of complicated
grout
curtains
und
special
grout
mixes. As
shown
by a numer
of
storage reservoirs
in
karstified
grounds
(Peruca
No.
30; Grancarevo
'No.
65; Gornja
Zeta
Ncrs.
25,
29, 47,
57;,Sklope
No.
68) thre results
obtained
have
justified
the
invested
efforts
of
str"rdying
and
construction.
A
considerable
number
of dams
lie on thre Paleozoic
schistes
and
more
recent
slates
which
are
heterogeneous,
damaged
by
tectonic
rnovements:
thray
form
the other
general
group
of the
geological
structure
of most
locations.
On such
grounds
(Bajina
Ba5ta
No.
62:
lron
gate
No. EtO,
etc.)
investigation
works
were
performed
specially
with
the
aim of
establishing
the
elastic
properties
of rock
masses
and
their
changes
as
a function
Le volume total de
r6se
extrtloitation
et de ceux
a
!0.008 106 mdtres crr
Avec /es accumulations
des barrages neufs
pre
volume de 23.560.1U md
dans
/es bassins
cles
te!
que
celui
de Drina,
Vrbas,
Trebiinjica
et autr
s'a,pproche
des besoins
dans ces bassins en an
un
volume
approximatif
dont
23.000.1U mdtres
energftique,
avec
un effe
6vident,
cependant,
qu'u
interannuelle
necessite
beaucaup
plus grand,
a
variations frds bas des
(C,, -
0,19-0,25).
L'urbanisation
avec une
intense des
vall6es
fluvi
dans
I'avenir,
la
possibil
grands
barrages
et
hdter
la
plupart
des barrages
det;
grands
cours d'eau.
Les;
caractdristiques
de
la Yougoslavie,
sont,
complexes. Un tiers du
barrages construits, esf
frds
frdquemment
caver
Les;
probldmes
de Ia ret
basisins d'accumulation
cet;
rdgions et ils ont e
acc:616r6 des mdthodes
g6otechniques
et
hydrog
i nv e st
i
g
at i
on s c/assigues
6teis utilises amplement
et
electriques
pour
Ies
ainsi
que
/es isofopes
d'€tanchement
dans ces
ab<tuti d
I'utilisation des
complexes et des mat
Co,mme
le
demontrent
Ie karste
(PeruCa
No. 30
Gornja
Zeta
Nos.
25, 29,
resultats ont
iustifie
/es
travaux accomplis.
Un
nornbre
considerable
sur
/es schistes
paleozo
hel'erogdnes,
endommag
tectoniques et de
qualit
repvfsunrur,
un autre
g
structure
g5ologique
de
emplacements.
Dans
ces
No, 62; Iron
gate
No.
etc
on
a fait
des
ela exisfanfes
/es
projets
la
rdalisation
d'un
len
es bes
d'eau
co'nc:entree
st
ardi
fle
ves.
Ce chiffre
er ularisation
des eaux
yenne,
qui
exigent
30.
bes
.t
U mdtres
cubes,
de
pour
la
compensation
8.550.1tr
KWh.
/'/ est
r larisation
VA
ume
d'eau accumul6
des
codfficientt;
des
CA
NCI
x
cours internes
rialisation
a
encore
diminuer,
construire des
ssifd de
construire
s
vall6es
Iatdrales
et
g6otechniques
6ral,
trds vari6es
et
ern re,
avec
30%o
des
tr itue
de
calcairets,
ou
frds karstifi'6s.
d'eau dans /es
prononc6s
dans
n
developpement
e
erches
iques
oit,
a
part
des
a
es
f rages
geologique,
ont
edes
seismiques
otr
nc
s(
st
,JX
tic)
,nt
t
igd
h
res
euves
yougoslaves,
r,
Morava,
Neretva,
'injection
spec:iales.
barrages
sont fondds
et
autres,
fres
rches
g6ophysiques
io,
fifs. tr
es methodes
tern
ins
permeables
ont
vot
s
d'etancheitd
S'C
s accumulations
dans
Gra darevo
No.
65:
7,
;
Sklope
No. 68l
/es
effo
des
s
d'etudes
et /es
es
es
r
des
proces{ius
niques
inferieures,
principal
de
aplrpart
des
ins
(Baiina
Basta
ter
investigations
desf
nees
caractdrisfiques
d'
et
de
leurs
transf
pro,f
ondeur,
ainsi
qui
on apport{
de
mati
fondation
de
certa
emplacements
g
La Yougoslavie
es
con
desi
regions
sdism
tremblemenfs
d'un
eff ets
catastrophi
es.
de
methodes
de calcu
dev'eloppdes,
tena
des
solicitations
s
ppl6
pression
hydrody
Des analyses
ex imen
tension
et des
d6f
mat
de la mecanique
pour
les
€tudes
de
bdton. On
applique
pour
les
moddles
d
tensom6triques
I'an,alyse
des
etats
au
glissement
et d
La construction
de
le developpement
specialisdes,
de la
cadres
experimente
pla<;e
est
parfois
t
inclus on
peut
ddd
Ie
de
troits
dimensions
t
rratn
L'application
de
ce mdt
aux milieux dis
L'utiilisation
des
ca
a amene recernm
te
det
utre
aria
stabilitd des barr
que
dans l'analyse
spati
suptports rocheux
con,ditions
de
roch
s
fis
Le calcu! des barr
gdndral,
par
la
de solution de I'
ati
statique du barrag
voAte e epaisseur
de
"trial
load"
esf
La mdthode
des
6l
prati
des fens ions et de
6tre applique
en
Y
ugos
presque general
d
bureaux d'etudes e
sr
barr
a
eux
/es
gra
es
mec
.Le
ire
I
renrblai traitd
(Dia
ramm
Sur
/es
grands
hydrotechniques
se
rapprochent
mondiaux tant enc
qui
erne
|es
es
Ia
t.
et
rnt
es
et
nt
es
;i
es
uti
he
ra!
m(
te
cti
;AT
an,
t{
tte
us(
u7
)qt
te
rilis
ec
?g
el
a
;tEt
o(e
,ss
ia|e
d"g
onstdn
en
I
ithde;
a
aussi
igita|et
ancq
Jri
es
res
l'estim
des
r,
en
fon
res
tre
ons
au
setrc
7es
su/
tnt
pre
comm(
ves
av
rce
det
s ces
itabilite
des
ft
taires
t
trlac
rs
sur
sonf
e
plus
i
,de
pha
ensiont
sses
rocheui
ion
d'a Ia
eLtx
",in
situl
'e,velo'ppemed
due
possib/e
des
lu'e
p,rohibitill
utl
pa)/s
ave4
;
des
,uctive'
e
>n'ditions
des
ott
6tei
ct>s
cl'indrtie
res
e la
tstruc:tion.
,oddlet
de
la
utsaget
consfl
p<lrta,nts
en
Elastique
ef /es
nethoQ
m'plexes
d
eitend'ue
aus
rctpes'.
nique;s
digita't
'on
d'a
Ia, rdsistanci
€rs
es de
liz
types,
ains
sta,biliti:
det
arc
dans Ie,
imation
dr
masses
tnction
d'(
travaux
(:
au
de,velo',
rendue
tr)
sur
des
)reSqU'e
p,,
me
un
pa
avec
des
testructivr
s con'ditir:
'itd
ott
6t,
forct>s
cl
s
dues
e
construc:
tr
moddlet
t
en
usagl
s imp<lrta,r
hotodlasti
cns
ef /es
s
com'plex
etde
eitent
lisofropes
ctronique;s
fection
d't
de
Ia, rdt
dfres
de
/
es
types,
'a
sta,bilitt
n arc dar
Tme
un
pa
'
avec
des
destructivr
)es
con'ditir:
,ilitd
ott
6t,
)s
forct>s
cl
es
dues
e
l2
construc:
sur
moddlet
nt
en
usagl
us
imp<lrta,r
photodlasti
iions
ef /es
es
com'plex
te.
t
etde
eitent
anisotrctpes'
tectroniquel
>rf
ection
d't
s de
Ia, rdt
ndtres
de
I
/es
types,
Ia
sta,bilitt
en arc dar
ttion
hes
ragel
ment
'e
cc
:tive,
iance
?ns
r
sfa
ted
entai
sur
l/es
ns
s(
esp
ho'de
imen
nodd
lOtf
81
rdes
et
Irs
e
nep
nsior
para
tous
ts
de
'ages
ur6e,
astic
tqu
el
inuel
rrage.
esadt
et
'anit
s 6lect
lat
per
ions
vram
sd
ous /es
de
ba es
e
con
ment
def o
rees.
arc
s'effectue,
en
es amenage'menits
ds technologiqu,es
X
es standards;
e
procddd
numdrique
diffdrentielle
du
systdine
1616
telle
une
t, par
quoi
tre
p7s6ff,5
rcment
mis
hors d'usa'ge.
finals
pour
I'analyse
ations
commence
a
vie
grdce
d l'emploi
ord
ateurs dans;
/es
proi
fs.
s6l
3).
d
ri
sba
tqu
ue
pui
com
ters
proc
V
- _ --- -
JOLUME
DES
BARRAGES
, r
VO(UME
OF DAMS
6sn;s3sfr3
Diagram
No.
3
(ln,crease
of the
volume
of
large dams)
inspection
quality
of
the built- in rnaterrial and
an
adequate
application
of technical
sper;ifications.
Sorne imperfections
of
the
quality
of
concrete
with
regard
to impermeability.and
resistarTce to
atmospheric
influences
are due
to
variallions
of
properties
of cements with
low hydrertion heat for
whiich
still
do
not'exist
the
binding
sprecifications.
To the
problem
of conveying
the heat of
hydration
is lbeing
paid
an ever
increasing
attenrtion, and
methods
of
cooling
of water
and
of concrete
aggregate,
and
protection
against
routs;ide
temperature are
applied with variable
sucoess.
In
preparation
of
the concrete for lrydraulic
englineering
projects
additives are
generally
used.
A
specially high
level
of technology was
neached
in
preparation
and execution
of
grouting
and
consolidation
which had
to
be
solved at construction
of
most dams and
particularly
in
the
iareas
of
karstified
limestone. Services
of
Yugosliav
organizations in
this
area
are highly
apprreciated
abrodd.
Observation of
the behaviour
of large dams
in
Yugoslavia
is
prescr.ibed
by
law for
all
the
owners.
Ther number
of observed
parameters,
instruments
andl methods
of observation
depend
upon the
size
and
structure od
projects
and
uporr
the iimportance
of
the riverain
areas
downstream
of the
dam.
Sysitematic
observation
,of
60o/o
of dams in
Diagr
(L'arccroissernent
en
volu
plac:e
dans /es
grands
obtenues
que
la
qualitd
d
cap,acitdes
de mise en
p
3.2(10 mdtres cubes/iour
(
et d
1A.550 mdtres
cube
(*Tikves
No.70).
les laboratoires
avec Ie
pour
/es
essais de
b6ton
g6omdcaniques
"in
situ"
n6cessaire de la
qualit6
et tt'application adequate
teclitniques. Certains ddfa
b6ton en ce
qui
concer
r6si'stance aux influence
attribuer aux variations d
it chaleur
d'hydratation
n'y a
pas
encore
de
pre
Le
probldme
du traiteme
d'hyfl7sYu|ion regoit
une
applique
les
procedds
de
l'eau
que
des
aggrdgats
temp€rature externe
avec
Pour la
prdparation
du
utilIse, en
gdn6ral,
des
En
,particulier,
un haut ni
a 6t6 atteint dans la
pre
des
iniections
et de
tra
gr6ce
aux
problemes
co
et
rle consolidation
qu'on
plupart
des
barrages,
e3
tq,
e?sl
rqvar
(u,
'fes
c
r
jou
ui,per
/qs
/
urcni
natdt
Pre,
db Ia
le
li
tliior,
rqid,
apl
sre
hvd
tsl
I
ii
x
/i
rl
ne
de
asf
tra
e{
>rte
dft
Qu4t
tE,
rsU{
ITIE
rsf
db
de
>nlii
frq
Ia
es
th,
:tfsi
IU
zti
x
ex
)vi
tm
r
de
'enli
ef rr
Ia
/es
,n
lt
ififs
AU
'ati
tx
lex
levi
nm
nm
,el
I
rra
rsf
7Ce
Por
Pat
eq
et
ass
lut
/es
fs,
I';
a
t/
?s
CT
rta
tter
ref
tli
det
on
t
itil
eau
Tral
tux
ple.
det,
3
matt
sJ
vaux
u b6,
sde,
iour
<
ceme
s
lab,
ent I
ft6rie
,rescJ
Iaq
lac
on
cr
rdisst
prote
rdsul;
tdrotr
nterit
ux
ex
bdton
te
fer
tr
d'e,
ments
'abora
tler
riel
n
scripl
t
quat
,
chal
croit
S$€171t
ttecti'
sultatt
'otect,
sen
mi
ute
'61
c. I
rc/,
no(
ire,
ltr
ie
ns
td
6r
es
cit
uel
tto,
r
tnt'
tt
c(
/ar
qul
,lol
cul
Iat
cut
s'i
Vo.
roc
m(
oirt
ont
isr
ons
t6r
it6
ue{
sc
qu(
Tatt
tur
jan
nt
n(
VA
tiqt
hnc
6ct
'ida
:he
re
Ia
6ct
ls
N(
nrc
in
,toi
cot
nis
iiot
tift
litr
lut
)s
sgt
'ga
eu
isa
enl
riel
txdc
)ns
;r N,
'enrl
fsr
rato
COt
mis
ptio
,alite
lit
qu
,1S
sg
'gz
aleu
lisse
nen
tion
lts l
chni
:h,
(6,
lit
tcl
lrt
Ii
t la
chal,
l:ion
crois
qidissemt
protecti<
resultatt
tiydrotech
)t
ds.
les
t
s'€ldvent d
'
No.
B0)
nrochement
s moder,nes
ltoires
cont16le
nis en
piace
tions
Iit6
du
litd
et
lta
TUes
scrnf
e
;s ciments
sguels
,il
tgatoires.
leur
ssante,' on
ent tant de
orres
ont16lt
is
en
ons
t6 du
it6
et
rues
s
s cime
'quels
Tatoire
tur
sante;
nt tan
n con
varia,
)s crmel?rs
sguels
,il
tgatoires.
chaleur
croissante;
on
isement
tant de
tection
contre Ia
ultats variables.
fiechnique
on
:hnologi'e
<6cutiont
lidation
rchement
lre
pou,r
la
Ia
rdqion
)ontre I
,riables.
te
on
ilogi'e
ttiont
tion
ment
pou,r
la
rdgion
Yugoslavia
which
instruments
iand
Some dams
(.Gr
etc.) have
cerntra
of
measurement
local seismic
mo,
of
water-
A
p'artia
built-in
measuring
extensometers
an
concrete
danrs
Systematic
valori
measured
results
want
of
precisel
Consequences
bf
dowstream
rivera
for
all
the import
exist
detailecl
an
of
the flood
wav
hydraulic
laborato
and
professional
construction
of h
In
Yugoslaviar,
on
were
no
notable
i
norrnal.
Some, con
grouting
had
to b
(*Zvornik
No. 24,
were
overflooded
spillway
openings
catastrophic
lFlood
without
cons
The
activity
ernd
t
on
the
erection
o
well,
so
that nu
building
contrac
or
with
partiill
el
projects
in
other
which
grows
con
In
this
mannetr
th
practice
their
kn
abroad
when
con
and
construcllion
own,
and
thurs th
and
enhance
rabili
A
great
role
in
Yugoslavia
orl
has
been
pla'yed
the
ICOLD.
\A/ith
abroad
the
Yrugos
in
systematic
exc
in great
project
s
technical progpess
has
contributed
uipment
is
services des
entre
revo
No.
65, lron
,Gate
No.
80,
appr6ci6s
e I'6tr
er.
automatic
stations
for
collelcting
La surveillance
du
com
ta including
the observation
of
barrages
en Y
lav
nts
caused
by damming-iin
/es
utilisateurs.
Le
are
provided
withr
adequate
being
carried
out.
fall
out
of function
of some)
instruments, particularly
of
thermometers
in the
bodiers
of
s
been
noted.
tion
and interprertation
of
at some
dams
are, missing lFor
defined
legal
regrulations.
e destruction
of dams
for
the
areas are
defineid
as a
rule
nt
storage
reservoirs.
There
lytical'methods
for determination
course
and well-equipped
cidents
and
their
behaviour is
olidation
work
anrl supplementary
done
on
some
dams
obodica
No.
5t6). l-he
dams whichr
by water
owing
to obstruction of
*'Medjuvr5je
No. 20)
during
the
resisted
the increased
pFesisures
ces
to the
basic
structure.
e
work
of the
Yugoslav
extrlerts
dams
have been
noted
abroad as
erous
designing
offices
and
iffering
essentially
from
threir
both
enrich
their
experience
contsruction
of dams
in
technical
and
scientific
plans
in
this field
and in
that manner
the
high
technicial
training
of
engineers, geologists,
soil
l'auscultation
de
ent
de:;
calcaires
karts
surveilles,
/es
ap
de:;
ouvrages
et d
iiveraines
en
aval
sysfdmatique
esf
60a/o des
barrages
d'installafions
et a
Qu,elques barrages
equipes,
disposant
et
professionne!le,
Globodica No.
56).
cau'se de l'obstruc
("
MediuvrSle
No.
ont
soutenu /es
pou,r
la
constructio
L'activite
et les
tr
if
ies.
ruses
nom
reils
l'im
es
iou
enY
paret
"Gr
d'un
qut
r
ss/
ond
dur
ssron
de
aux
d
ies
with
a
considerable
scientific
retenue.
On ape
la
rience
which
make'possible
the
partielle
des
ins
raulic
models
of any dimensions.
dams
in exploitation,
there
surtout des
exten
mdtr
electriques,
dans
I
Une 6valuation
sy tdma
fer No.
80,
etc.) d
pos
automatisdes
centr /es
d'auscultation
y
mpil
mouvemenfs
sdlsm
ques
desi
r6sultats
de
sure
ne s'effectue
pas
f
te
ddfinies
par
la
Ioi.
Les
effets
d'un
6 Ie
de
barrage
sont
d
ermr
foufes les
accumul
tions
ll
existe
des
US
pour
Ia
determinat
nde
ain,si
que
des
la
atoir
are entrusted
either with entire
construction
des
boration
and
execution
of
these
dimensions
desire
ntries
the numrber of
Aux
barrages
you
Iave
ntly.
a
Fras
eu d'accide
connportement
est
Yugoslav
experts; blend
alsio in
ledge
with
examples from
pour
certains
bar
ted with
problerns
of
designing
inierctions
suppl6
tai
y
the
yugoslav
Committee
of
daits le domaine
d
Ia
activity
in Yugoslavia
and
sonf
bien connus
ssr a
v
Committee
hasi
been en{lagerd
de nombreuses
ent
pris
ange
of experience,
taken
prart
et d'execution
sont
enga
ies,
stimulated
interest
for
thre
de
construction
da
s'accroit
constam
nt.
experts
yougloslav
a
large
number
o
connaissances
avec/es
e
ngent
en
prati(lue
leuts
perts
6trangers
sur
deg
Dans
ce donnaine
yougoslayes
sorrt
ement
des
grands
v
ve
yf
l.rrv0
est
obligatctire
,pour
tbus
) ^^ :a.--- ^
re
des
paramdtres
rrages.
Une
surveillancb
'r.,
"i
*;^^ ^^.;-r
ugoslavie,
equipttis
hui
mise
aL,t
paint
sur
t tooslatric 6nr ti n6c
appropries.
revo
No.
65, Irorte
de
stations
et
methodes,
de,
ie la
grandeur ,et
du
tlpe
trtance
des
zone,s
/es
bien
ur collecter
les:
donnebs
I'observation
des
ocales,
causr6es
par
ise
hors
fonctit>n
de mesure
inst,all6s,
s et
des
therm,ctmdfres
et
qes
tnerm'Qmerres
des
barrages
en
bdtdn.
que
et
l'interpreitation
sur
certains
barrages
r aaaa+ia^^ ^r,^,rr!^-.^-!
sanctions
exacfe
ment
de barrage
eri
aval
s, en
rdgle,
pouf
d'importancet.
Iytiques
d'6tail,l6s
la vague
d'i'nond'ation
hydrauligurss
lbf
en
de
Ia
t
cor
dI
rma
sd
expdrience
scientifique
dent
possib/e
l'a
hydrauliques
de
en
exploitallion,
il
n'y
ificatifs
et Ieur
ll
a tallu
e'xdcuter
sbrrages
transvasrfs
d
s
passes
de, dev'ersement
s consolidat,ions
ef des
(*Zvornik
N'o. 2,4,,
i
passes
det ctev,ersement
t une
crue
c,atastrophiq[e
el€vees
sans
effet
ndcif
es experts
yourToslaveq
struction
de,s
b,arrages
l'etranger,
s'i bien
que
d'etudes
et
prctiet
5es
pour
des
travaux
res
pays,
dont
Ie
nombre
ec
cette fagon
les,
gent
en
prati(lue
leul
9l