Юдин С.М., Шестакова В.В., Пашковский С.Н., Понамарев Е.А. Испытательные системы серии РЕТОМ и их применение для проверки устройств релейной защиты и автоматики

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Ɋɢɫ. 4.2. ȼɵɛɨɪ Comtrade-ɮɚɣɥɚ

ɉɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ «ɦɵɲɢ» ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɢɸ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ.

ȼɵɛɪɚɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ COMTRADE-ɮɚɣɥ, ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ Ok. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɪɟ-

ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ. ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚ-

ɧɢɢ ɚɪɯɢɜɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ:

ɚ) ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɢɸ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɫɹ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ;

ɛ) ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬ

Ɉɩɰɢɢ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ (ɪɢɫ. 4.3), ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ TAB

ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɥɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ «ɦɵɲɢ»,

ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɦ ɜ ɚɪɯɢɜɟ. ɉɨ

ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ

Enter ɢɥɢ Ok ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬ ɜɚɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ

ɧɨɜɵɣ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ;

Ɋɢɫ. 4.3. ɉɭɧɤɬ ɦɟɧɸ Ɉɩɰɢɢ

ɜ) ɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɢɸ ɢ

ɜɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɢɦɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɚɪɯɢɜɚ (ɪɢɫ. 4.4), ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ

Ok.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.4. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɚɪɯɢɜɚ

ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ

ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ ɜ ɚɪɯɢɜɟ, ɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧ-

ɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɟ-

ɪɵɜɚ.

Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚ-

ɠɦɢɬɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ

ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɜ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɹ-

ɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ (ɪɢɫ. 4.5).

Ɋɢɫ. 4.5. ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɊȿɌɈɆɚ ɜ Comtrade-ɮɚɣɥɟ

ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ «ɩɪɢɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɢ» ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɹ-

ɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ, ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɥɢɧɢ-

ɹɦ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɭ ɊȿɌɈɆ-41Ɇ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɢɟɦ-

ɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɦɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ

COMTRADE-ɮɚɣɥɚ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɚɤ

ɤɚɤ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚɯ ɜ

ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɪɚɡ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ

ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɊȿɌɈɆ-41Ɇ (100–200 ɦɤɫ), ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ

ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪ-

ɦɵ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. Ɂɚɤɨɧɱɢɜ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ, ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ

Ok ɞɥɹ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ

ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ

Ɉɬɦɟɧɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɯɨɬɢɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ. Ȼɟɡ ɧɚ-

ɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ. ɇɟ

ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɊȿɌɈɆ-41Ɇ: ɧɟɢɫ-

ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ

ɇɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚ-

ɦɟɬɪɵ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ

ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ, ɬɨ ɧɚ

ɷɤɪɚɧ ɜɵɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ.

ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ

Ɉɫɰɢɥɥɨ-

ɝɪɚɦɦɚ

(ɪɢɫ. 4.6) ɢɥɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɊȿɌɈɆ.

Ɋɟɠɢɦ

Ɉɫɰɢɥɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ

ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɚɪɯɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ, ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ

ɨɫɰɢɥɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ.

Ɋɟɠɢɦ

ɊȿɌɈɆ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ,

ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɚɫ-

ɲɬɚɛɟ, ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɫɬ-

ɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ COMTRADE-ɮɚɣɥɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ-

ɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɚɪɯɢɜ, ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɤɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪɟ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.6. Ɉɫɰɢɥɥɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ

Ɋɟɠɢɦɵ

Ɉɫɰɢɥɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɢ ɊȿɌɈɆ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ

ɪɟɠɢɦɚɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ

Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ

ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɭ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɩɨɹɜ-

ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ

ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ (ɪɢɫ. 4.7), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ

ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɬɨɤɭ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɟɪ-

ɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɯ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɹ 3U

ɢ 3I

ɧɚ

ɮɚɡɟ ɋ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ 3U

ɢ 3I

, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ-

ɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ

ɪɢɫ. 4.5. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨ-

ɬɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɊȿɌɈɆɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟ-

ɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 3 ɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɚ-

ɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ

ɇɚɫɬɪ.ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ.ɪɚɛ. ɉɪɢ

ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ (ɪɢɫ. 4.8).

Ɋɢɫ. 4.7 ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ Ɋɢɫ. 4.8. ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ

ɇɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ: ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɪɚɥ-

ɥɟɥɶɧɵɣ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɢɩ ɊȿɌɈɆɚ:

ɜɟɞɭɳɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɞɨɦɵɣ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ

Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ, ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɚɪɚɥ-

ɥɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɊȿɆɈɆɚ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɟɬɫɹ 1-ɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧ-

ɬɚɤɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɫ ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɥ-

ɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɊȿɌɈɆɨɜ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɜɵɞɚ-

ɱɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɊȿɌɈɆɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ (ɷɬɨ

ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɬɭɦɛɥɟɪ). Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɊȿɌɈɆɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ

ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ

ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɟɞɨɦɵɟ, ɚ ɤ ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɦ

ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ.

5. ɋɈɁȾȺɇɂȿ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ɗɇȿɊȽɈɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ

Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ RETOM41R.BAT ɜ ɩɚɩɤɟ RETOM41R. ɇɚ ɷɤ-

ɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɓɟɥɱɤɨɦ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ

ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ

8 RL-ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ «Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ

ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

».

ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ «Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ»

Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ RL-ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪ-

ɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ, ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ Ɋȿ-

ɌɈɆ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɚɬɟ-

ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ, ɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɪɟɥɟɣ-

ɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ 4-ɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɥɢɧɢɢ.

Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫ-

ɬɟɦɵ, ɬɨɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ, ɜɢɞ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟ

ɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ

ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɨɣ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ

ɬɨɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ

ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɪɟ-

ɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ, ɫɨɨɬ-

ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɟɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ.

ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ

ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢ-

ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪ-

ɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ. ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ-

ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ.

ɋɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɊȿɌɈɆɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

ɬɨɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɤɚɤ ɦɨɳ-

ɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɞɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤ-

ɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ ɜ

ɦɟɫɬɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɤɨ-

ɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ.

Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ 4 ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ

ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜɢɞɵ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɯɨɞ ɢ

ɤɚɱɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɰɢɥɥɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɨɤɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ

ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ

ɉɪɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟ-

ɧɸ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ (ɪɢɫ. 5.1), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ

ɪɟɠɢɦ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ

Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɟɬɢ, ɉɨɜɪɟɠɞɟ-

ɧɢɟ, Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ, Ⱥɪɯɢɜ, Ɉɩɰɢɢ, ɉɨɦɨɳɶ, ȼɵɯɨɞ

ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ

ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɛɟɥɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ.

ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧ ɫɚɥɚɬɧɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ. Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ

ɦɟɧɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ

ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɦɟɧɸ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ

ɦɵɲɢ ɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɟɺ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɥɚ-

ɜɢɲɢ.

Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɟɬɢ

Ɋɟɠɢɦ Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɟɬɢ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ-

ɦɵ

Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚ-

ɰɢɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜ-

ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɚɧɟɥɶɸ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.1. ȼ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨ-

ɠɟɧɨ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

Ɍɢɩ ɫɟɬɢ. ȼɢɞɵ ɦɨɞɟ-

ɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.1.

Ɋɢɫ. 5.1. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɥɢɧɢɢ

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ

ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ «ɜɟɟɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ» ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ. Ʉɚ-

ɠɞɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɜɨɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹ (

Ɍɢɩ 1, Ɍɢɩ 2, Ɍɢɩ 3,

Ɍɢɩ 4

). ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɠɟɥɬɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ

ɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ. ɋɦɟɧɚ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡ-

ɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɦɵɲɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢ-

ɟɦ ɟɺ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ. ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɫ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɧ-

ɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ.

ȼ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚ-

ɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɟɬɢ.

ɂɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:

E1 – ɮɚɡɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ E1 ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 100 ȼ;

f – ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ȿ1 (ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ 50 ɞɨ 60 Ƚɰ);

ZS – ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɢ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɨ-

ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ E1 (ɞɢɚ-

ɩɚɡɨɧ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 9999,00);

R, K

X – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ

ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ZS (ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɨɬ 0

ɞɨ

9999,00), ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɄɁ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ;

ZL – ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɢ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɦɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ (ɞɢɚɩɚ-

ɡɨɧ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 9999,00);

R, K

X – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ

ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ZL (ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 100);

ZQ – ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɢ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬ

ɤɨɧɰɚ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɦɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɞɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ȿ2 (ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 9999);

R, K

X – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ

ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ZQ (ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 100);

ZP – ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɢ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ

ɪɟɥɟ ɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ (ɞɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ) (ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ

ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 9999);

ZF – ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɢ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɩɚɣɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫ ɨɬ-

ɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ (ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 9999);

R, K

X – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ

ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ZF (ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 100);

fsw – ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɗȾɋ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɤɚɱɚɧɢɣ;

E2/E1 – ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɗȾɋ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɤ ɗȾɋ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟ-

ɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɤɚɱɚɧɢɣ;

N1 – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɞɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ

ɨɬɩɚɣɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ

Ɍɢɩ 2, ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ

ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 100;

N2 – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɞɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ

ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɬɩɚɣɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ

Ɍɢɩ 2 (ɡɚɞɚ-

ɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ

ɉɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ);

ZP1 – ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɢ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɟɫ-

ɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɪɟɠɢɦ

ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ (ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɉɨɜɪɟɠɞɟ-

ɧɢɟ

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɨɤɧɚɯ ɠɟɥɬɵɦɢ

ɰɢɮɪɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɟɦ ɮɨɧɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɬ

ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɦɵɲɢ ɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɨɦɭ ɨɤɧɭ ɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɸɬ ɟɺ ɥɟɜɭɸ

ɤɧɨɩɤɭ. Ɏɨɧ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ. ɇɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ

ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɜɨɞɹɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ. ȼɜɨɞ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɠɚ-

ɬɢɟɦ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ

Enter. ɉɪɢ ɜɜɨɞɟ ɫ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɶ-

ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ

BackSpase ɞɥɹ ɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶ-

ɧɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ

Esc ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɨ-

ɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ. ɉɪɢ ɜɜɨɞɟ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɞɨɩɭɫ-

ɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɜɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ

ɱɢɫɥɨ.

Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ

ɗɬɨɬ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ:

x ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ;

x ɜɢɞɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ;

x ɤɚɱɚɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ;

x ɨɛɪɵɜɚ ɮɚɡɵ;

x ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 5.2. Ɉɤɧɨ Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ

ɉɪɢ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ

ɪɢɫ. 5.2. ȼ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɥɹ, ɯɚ-

ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ:

NS – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɩɨɜɪɟɠ-

ɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ -

0,01 ɞɨ 100 %;

clos

– ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ;

ɞɭɝ

– ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɭɝɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵ-

ɛɪɚɧɨ ɞɭɝɨɜɨɟ ɄɁ (ɞɨ 100 Ɉɦ);

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ,

ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɦɟɧɸ.

ȼɵɛɨɪ ɬɢɩɚ ɄɁ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɦɭ

ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ

ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ ɦɵɲɢ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɡɵ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ-

ɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɥɢɫɬɚɧɢɹ

ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ȼɵɛɪɚɧ-

ɧɵɟ ɬɢɩ ɢ ɮɚɡɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɠɟɥɬɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ. Ʉɪɨ-

ɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ:

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ZP, ZK – ɞɥɹ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨ-

ɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɞɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ZP ɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ ZK.

ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɶ ɫɨ-

ɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɧɟɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ (ɫɦ.

ɪɢɫ. 5.3). ɀɟɥɬɨɣ ɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ

ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɞɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ – ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ

ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɭɝɥɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ

ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ

ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ:

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ZK – ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ;

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ZɊ – ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ;

ɋɤɪɨɥɥɢɧɝ – ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚ-

ɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ.

Ɋɢɫ. 5.3. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɢ ɄɁ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ

Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɠɚɬɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɜɵ-

ɛɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɦɵɲɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ

Alt + <ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɭɤɜɚ> ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ZP, ZK, ɚ

ɬɚɤɠɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ

ɩɨɥɹ ZP ɢ N ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ

m,o,n,p.

ɍɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ-

ɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɧɚ ɤɥɚ-

ɜɢɚɬɭɪɟ – ɢɥɢ +.

ȼɵɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ

ȼɵɯɨɞ

ɢɥɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ

Esc, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ

ɪɢɫ. 5.2.

Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ

ɗɬɨɬ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ

ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɪɯɢɜɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɚ-

ɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɢɡ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.4. Ɉɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ:

Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ Z – ɜɵɡɨɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ-

ɫɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ;

Ɉɫɰɢɥɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ U, I

– ɜɵɡɨɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɦɝɧɨ-

ɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ;

ɊȿɌɈɆ – ɜɵɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɊȿɌɈɆ-41Ɇ.

Ɋɢɫ. 5.4. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɄɁ

ɇɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɨɤɧɚ Ɍ1, ɌɄ, Ɍ3, Ɍl, ɡɚ-

ɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɫ-