West M. Developing High Quality Data Models

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• HQDM: biological_object is a subtype of ISO15926-2:

physical_object.

• HQDM: biological_object is a subtype of ISO15926-2:

whole_life_individual.

• HQDM: biological_object is a subtype of ISO15926-2:

arranged_individual .

• HQDM: biological_object is an instance of ISO15 926-2:

class_of_organism .

A.55 Class_of_state_of_biological_object

ISO 15926-2HQDM

class_of_

organism

class_of_state_

of biological_object

Figure A-55 Mapping for class_of_state_of_biological_object.

• HQDM: class_of_state_of_biological_object is equivalent to

ISO15926-2: class_of_organism.

A.56 Class_of_biological_object

ISO 15926-2HQDM

class_of_

organism

class_of_

individual

class_of_

biological

object

Figure A-56 Mapping for class_of_biological_object.

• HQDM: class_of_biological_object is a subtype of ISO15926-

2: class_of_organism.

• HQDM: class_of_biological_object is an instance of

ISO15926-2: class_of_class_of_individual.

372 Appendix A MAPPING BETWEEN THE HQDM SCHEMA AND ISO 15926-2

A.57 Kind_of_biological_object

ISO 15926-2HQDM

class_of_

organism

class_of_

individual

kind_of_

biological

object

Figure A-57 Mapping for kind_of_biological_object.

•HQDM:kind_of_biological_object is a subtype of ISO15926-2:

class_of_organism.

• HQDM: kind_of_biological_object is an instance of

ISO15926-2: class_of_class_of_individual.

A.58 State_of_intentionally_constructed_

object

ISO 15926-2HQDM

arranged_

individual

class_of_

arranged_

individual

state_of_

intentionally_

constructed_

object

Figure A-58 Mapping for state_of_intentionally_constructed_object.

• HQDM: state_of_intentionally_constructed_object is a sub-

type of ISO15926-2: arranged_individual.

• HQDM: state_of_intentionally_constructed_obje ct is an

instance of ISO15926-2: class_of_arranged_individual.

Appendix A MAPPING BETWEEN THE HQDM SCHEMA AND ISO 15926-2 373

A.59 Intentionally_constructed_object

ISO 15926-2HQDM

intentionally_

constructed_

object

arranged_

individual

whole_life_

individual

class_of_

arranged_

organism

Figure A-59 Mapping for intentionally_constructed_object.

• HQDM: intentionally_constructed_object is a subtype of

ISO15926-2: whole_life_individual.

• HQDM: intentionally_constructed_object is a subtype of

ISO15926-2: arranged_i ndividual.

• HQDM: intentionally_constructed_object is an instance of

ISO15926-2: class_of_arranged_individual.

A.60 Class_of_state_of_intentionally_

constructed_object

ISO 15926-2HQDM

class_of_

individual

class_of_

arranged_

individual

class_of_

state_of_

intentionally_

constructed_

object

Figure A-60 Mapping for class_of_state_of_intentionally_constructed_object.

• HQDM:class_of_state_of_intentionally_constructed_object

is a subtype of ISO15926-2: cl ass_of_arranged_individual.

374 Appendix A MAPPING BETWEEN THE HQDM SCHEMA AND ISO 15926-2

• HQDM: class_of_state_of_intentionally_constructed_object

is an instance of ISO15926-2: class_of_class_of_individual.

A.61 Class_of_intentionally_

constructed_object

ISO 15926-2HQDM

class_of_

individual

class_of_

arranged_

individual

class_of_

intentionally_

constructed_

object

Figure A-61 Mapping for class_of_intentionally_constructed_object.

• HQDM: class_of_inten tionally_constructed_object is a sub-

type of ISO15926-2: cl ass_of_arranged_individual.

• HQDM: class_of_intentionally_constructed_object is an

instance of ISO15926-2: class_of_class_of_individual.

A.62 Kind_of_intentionally_

constructed_object

ISO 15926-2HQDM

class_of_

individual

class_of_

arranged_

individual

kind_of_

intentionally_

constructed_

object

Figure A-62 Mapping for kind_of_intentionally_constructed_object.

• HQDM: kind_of_intentionally_constructed_object is a sub-

type of ISO15926-2: cl ass_of_arranged_individual.

Appendix A MAPPING BETWEEN THE HQDM SCHEMA AND ISO 15926-2 375

• HQDM: kind_of_intentionally_constructed_obje ct is an

instance of ISO15926-2: class_of_class_of_individual.

A.63 State_of_functional_object

ISO 15926-2HQDM

state_of_

functional_

object

arranged_

individual

physical_

object

class_of_

functional_

object

Figure A-63 Mapping for state_of_functional_object.

• HQDM: state_of_functional_object is a subt ype of

ISO15926-2: physical_object.

• HQDM: state_of_functional_object is a subt ype of

ISO15926-2: arranged_i ndividual.

• HQDM: state_of_functional_object is an instance of

ISO15926-2: class_of_functional_object.

A.64 Functional_object

ISO 15926-2HQDM

whole_life_

individual

functional_

object

arranged_

individual

class_of_

functional_

object

physical_

object

Figure A-64 Mapping for functional_object.

376 Appendix A MAPPING BETWEEN THE HQDM SCHEMA AND ISO 15926-2

• HQDM: functional_object is a subtype of ISO15926-2:

physical_object.

• HQDM: functional_object is a subtype of ISO15926-2:

whole_life_individual.

• HQDM: functional_object is a subtype of ISO15926-2:

arranged_individual .

• HQDM: functional_object is an instance of ISO15926-2:

class_of_functional_object.

A.65 Class_of_state_of_functional_object

ISO 15926-2HQDM

class_of_

functional_object

class_of_

state_of_

functional_object

Figure A-65 Mapping for class_of_state_of_functional_object.

• HQDM: class_of_state_of_functional_object is equivalent to

ISO15926-2: class_of_functional_object.

A.66 Class_of_functional_object

ISO 15926-2HQDM

class_of_

individual

class_of_

functional_

object

class_of_

functional_

object

Figure A-66 Mapping for class_of_functional_object.

• HQDM: class_of_functional_object is a subtype of

ISO15926-2: class_of_functional_object.

Appendix A MAPPING BETWEEN THE HQDM SCHEMA AND ISO 15926-2 377

• HQDM: class_of_functio nal_object is an instance of

ISO15926-2: class_of_class_of_individual.

A.67 Kind_of_functional_object

ISO 15926-2HQDM

class_of_

individual

class_of_

functional_

object

kind_of_

functional_

object

Figure A-67 Mapping for kind_of_functional_object.

• HQDM: kind_of_functional_object is a subtype of

ISO15926-2: class_of_functional_object.

• HQDM: kind_of_functional_object is an instance of

ISO15926-2: class_of_class_of_individual.

378 Appendix A MAPPING BETWEEN THE HQDM SCHEMA AND ISO 15926-2

INDEX

Note: Page numbers followed by f and t refer to figures and tables, respectively

Abstract_object, 120, 202, 203

Abstract supertypes, 18, 19f

Acceptance_of_o

ffer, 325326

Acceptance_of_offer_for_goods,

327328

Activities and associations,

participants in, 182

Activities and events, 131

deeming, 133

discovery, 133

events, 133

measurement, 133

observation, 133

participants, 132133

references, 133

Activity, 135136, 243245,

360361

state_of_activity, 245

Aggregation, 123, 212

Agree_contract, 322

Agreement, 157158, 316320

agreement_execution,

157158, 317318

agreement_process, 157158,

318319

class_of_agreement_execution,

319

class_of_agreement_process,

319

class_of_reaching_agreement,

319320

reaching_agreement, 320

Amount_of_money, 305

Application data model, 26

Application portfolio, 44

Approach, to data modeling, 4

Approaches, in data model

development, 64

normalization, 6667

and ontological approach,

difference between,

6566

ontological approach, 6768

Artifacts, 152

Asset, 156, 307308

Association, 133136, 156,

241243, 363

individuals role, 134135

state_of_association, 242243

Attributes, applying principles

for, 79

expectations, 88

identifiers, 84

external identification, 87

internal identification,

8485

unique identifier,

inappropriate choice of,

8587

representing relationships,

1415, 79

personnel and security,

8283

sales

product, 8082

Automated process, 40

Bag, 119

Barker/Oracle notation, 1112,

12f

Basic

data model template, 198f

Beginning_of_ownership, 156,

308

Biological_object, 135, 257260,

371372

class_of_biological_object,

259

class_of_state_of_biological_

object, 259

state_of_biological_object,

259260

Biological_system, 263

class_of_biological_system,

264

class_of_state_of_biological_

system, 264265

state_of_biological_system, 265

Biological_system_component,

268, 269

class_of_biological_system_

component, 269270

class_of_in_place_biological_

component, 270

class_of_state_of_biological_

system_component, 270

in_place_biological_

component, 270271

state_of_biological_system_

component, 271272

Bloggs & Co., 99

Boxes and lines, 9 10

Business information models,

Business process model, 40

automated process, 40

system independent process,

system interaction, 40

Business requirements data

model, 26, 26f

Business-specific level of

abstraction, 104

Canonical data model, 25

Cardinality of a relationship

type

, 15

CDIF (CASE Data Interchange

Format), 11, 26

INDEX 379

Challenges, in data modeling, 55

computer-based information

reality, 5657

data models’ role, 5758

desiderata, 5859

information systems, key

requirements for, 5556

key issues for data models,

5960

Class, 115, 120121, 137, 143,

204207, 349

high level data model for,

143144

kinds, 148149

properties and quantities,

144146

scales and units, 146148

set, 137

and four-dimensionalism,

138139

classification and

specialization, 137138

theory, 139143

Classes_of_state, 145

Classification, 121, 204,

206207

Class_of_abstract_object, 206,

350

Class_of_activity, 153154,

247248, 361

Class_of_agree_contract,

322323

Class_of_agreement_execution,

158, 319

Class_of_agreement_process,

158, 319

Class_of_amount_of_money,

306

Class_of_association, 154,

248249, 364

Class_of_biological_object, 259,

372

Class_of_biological_system, 264

Class_of_biological_system_

component, 269270

Class_of_class, 143, 206, 350

Class_of_class_of_individual,

141

Class_of_class_of_spatio_

temporal_extent, 143,

212213, 350351

Class_of_contract_execution,

323

Class_of_contract_process, 323

Class_of_event, 216, 351352

Class_of_functional_object, 153,

275, 377

378

Class_of_functional_system,

281282

Class_of_functional_

system_component,

282

Class_of_individual, 141, 148,

168, 219, 353354

Class_of_in_place_

biological_component, 270

Class_of_installed_

functional_system_

component, 282

Class_of_installed_object, 257,

370371

Class_of_intentionally_

constructed_object, 273,

375

Class_of_offer, 168, 335

Class_of_ordinary_

biological_object, 260

Class_of_ordinary_

functional_object, 278

Class_of_ordinary_

physical_object, 223224,

358

Class_of_organization, 293

Class_of_organization_

component, 298299

Class_of_participant, 249, 362

Class_of_period_of_time, 234

Class_of_person, 266

Class_of_person_in_position,

299300

Class_of_physical_object,

221222, 356

Class_of_physical_property, 145

Class_of_point_in_time,

216217, 352

Class_of_position, 300

Class_of_possible_world, 234

Class_of_reaching_agreement,

158, 319320

Class_of_relationship, 209

Class_of_representation, 170,

338

Class_of_sales_

product_instance, 165166,

332

Class_of_sign, 170, 338

Class_of_socially_

constructed_activity, 168,

315316

Class_of_socially_

contructed_object, 287

Class_of_spatio_

temporal_extent, 143, 213,

349350

high level model for, 143f

Class_of_state, 196, 219, 353

Class_of_state_of_activity, 249

Class_of_state_of_

amount_of_money, 306

Class_of_state_of_association,

249

Class_of_state_of_

biological_object, 259, 372

Class_of_state_of_

biological_system, 264265

Class_of_state_of_

biological_system_

component, 270

Class_of_state_of_

functional_object, 276, 377

Class_of_state_of_

functional_system,

282283

Class_of_state_of_

functional_system_

component, 283

Class_of_state_of_

intentionally_

constructed_object,

273,

374375

Class_of_state_of_

ordinary_biological_object,

261

Class_of_state_of_ordinary_

functional_object, 278279

380 INDEX

Class_of_state_of_

ordinary_physical_object,

224225

Class_of_state_of_organization,

294

Class_of_state_of_organization_

component, 300

Class_of_state_of_party, 291

Class_of_state_of_person, 266

Class_of_state_of_

physical_object, 222,

355356

Class_of_state_of_position,

300301

Class_of_state_of_

sales_product_instance,

165, 332

Class_of_state_of_sign, 170,

338339

Class_of_state_of_socially

_constructed_activity,

249250

Class_of_state_of_socially

_constructed_object, 288

Class_of_state_of_system,

251252, 366

Class_of_state_of_

system_component,

254255, 368

Class_of_system, 252, 290291,

366367

Class_of_system_component,

255, 369

Class_of_X, 197

Combined entity types, 9597

Complex entity types, 7980,

80f

Composition, 124, 126, 213214

Conceptual data model, 3, 25

Contract, 159161, 320325

agree_contract, 322

class_of_agree_contract,

322323

class_of_contract_execution,

323

class_of_contract_process,

323

contract_execution, 323324

contract_process, 324325

CRUD (create, read, update,

delete), 28

Currency, 306

Customer and supplier

relationship, 75

Data mapping and

consolidation,

Data Model, definition of, 5

Data

usage model, 28

Debt, 71

Defined_relationship, 121, 209

Definition, 170 171, 339

Definitions, 7071

Description, 170171, 339

Desiderata, 5859

Employee, 36, 162, 296297

Employer, 162, 297

Emplo

yment, 162, 296298

data model for, 163f

Ending_of_ownership, 307,

308309

Enterprise architecture and data

models, 37

business process model, 40

automated process, 40

system independent

process, 40

system interaction, 40

common processes, 48

core processes, 47

finding, 47

needed for performance, 48

governance, 4950

improvement process, 48

information architecture, 40

enterprise data model,

4041

integration architecture, 41

key performance indicator

(KPI), 40

physical data model, 41

information-centric view of,

39f

information operations, 41

interface operation, 42

reference data, 41

report, 42

transactions, 4142

information requirements,

4849

lifecycle process, 48

management, 43

communications, 44

governance, 43

plans and justification, 43

strategy and operating

model, 43

mappings, 44, 45t

methodologies and standards,

data quality standards, 43

enterprise architecture

standards, 43

enterprise development

methodology, 4243

policy and controls

framework, 42

new types, 48

organization, 42

position, 42

roles and responsibilities, 42

process/data balance, 4650

standards in, 4950

wider infrastructure

application portfolio, 44

IM community, 44

information technology

support, 44

knowledge management,

training, 44

Enterprise data model, 2728,

4041

Entity-relationship concepts,

60f

Entity-relationship model, 9, 74

boxes and lines, 910

EXPRESS-G, 13

attributes and

relationships, 1415

many-to-many relationship

as an entity type,

representing, 1617

INDEX 381