Vince Michael, Emmerson Paul. Intermediate Language Practice (with key). English Grammar and Vocabulary

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GRA}|мAR

PRoNoUNs

Еverythiпg is usеd as a singlе

word subjесt

instеad of a//.

Everythiпg hаs

goпе

wrong.

(NoT

А]aa*цщ)

AII mу

plапs

hаve

gone

wroпg.

Words with no- mеan no

pеoplе,

things

plaсеs.

No oпe kпows the

апswer.

Nobodу is аt

hоme.

There is nothing to eаt'

Doublе nеgativеs are

not usеd.

oneknows.

(NOT

llffi)

Rеflеxivе

pronouns

arе usеd

for асtions

that wе do

to oursеlvеs.

l:flеxive

lpoпouns:

myself

йЕ.

lrпpеrsonal

one

I hаve сut myself.

Did

уou

cut

уourselft

He сut himself.

She

iпtroduced herself.

We enioуеd

ourselves.

Hаve

you

hurt

уourselves?

Theу iпtro

duсed thеmselve s.

Vеrbs oftеn usеd

this

way inсludе: сut,

епjoy, hurt, introduсe,

kill'

Аt thе епd of the

pIау,

Сleopаtrа

kills

herself.

But othет

vеrbs

arе

not normally usеd with

a rеflеxivе

pronoun,

еvеn though

thеy

are

in othеr languages.

Еxamples:

сhапge

(сlothes),

сomPlаiп, deсide,

drеss,

feеI,

meet, relах,

remember'

rest,

sit dowп,

stоnd

up,

wаkе up| wсtsh| worry.

Rеflеxivе

plonouns arе also usеd

foт

еmphasis.

|oп

cooked

аII the

food

himself.

(no

onе hеlpеd him)

normal

сonversation

lse

уou

to rеfеr

,pеoplе

gеnеral,.

Аs

уou

get

older

уou

teпd to

forget

thiпgs.

You

tаke

the trаiп to the

аirport

from

the

СentrаI Stаtion'

But in formal spеесh and

writing wе

сan lse

oпe

with

this mеaning.

This is

сonsidеrеd

ovеr-formal by

many spеakеrs.

Опe tаkes the

trаiп to the аirport

fтom

the

Сentrаl Stаtion.

Тhеrе is a

possеssivе

form one,S'

Оne,s luggаgе is саrriеd

iп а speсiаI

compаrtment.

If oпе is usеd as a subjeсt,

all latеr rеferenсеs

also

usе

oиe.

Оne tаkes

the trаin to thе аirport

ftom

thе

Сentrаl Stаtion аnd oпe сап

rеSеrve

one's seаt

in аdvапсe.

you

||Se one|

you

must сontinuе to

usе

it.

Do not mix one and

уou'

In еvеryday spеесh

it is morе сommon

to usе

you

or a

passivе

than to lsе

one.

You

cап

reservе

sеаts

in аdvапce.

Seаts cаn be reserved

iп

аdvаnсe'

185

lNтERмЕDIATЕ LANGUAGE

PRAстI(Е

UnderIinе thе сorreсt word

eaсh

sentеnсe.

a) Thеrе isn,|

апуoпe/пo one

iп thе

gardеn.

b) Еxсusе mе,

сould

you

movе?

I сan,t sее аnythiпg/somethiпg.

с) Тhеге is

оnуthing/nothiпg to drink.

Тhете,s

сtпуone/someoпe to sее

you

outsidе.

е) You сan do апythiпg/something

you

Want.

f) Аtt}'otrc/Someoпe

stolе

thе monеy,

but wе don,t

know who.

I don,t know

апуthing/пothiпg

аbout

it.

hl Хo otlе/Somеone

would tеll

mе thе answеr, so

guеssеd.

i) I,vе lost

my bag

and

I сan,t

find it somewhere/ап1шhere'

I must havе put

my bag somewhеre/апywhеre,

but

don,t

know wherе.

Сomplete

the sесond sеntenсe so that

it has a simiIar

meaning to the

first

sеntеnсe.

I сould do.

wvthLуu

Ф....

t !..9.....

r.... l

lr than

anyonе.

t-)

onе

Was

timе

yеstеrday.

Еvеryonе

havеn,t got

any woгk.

I,r,е

got

...... to dо"

Тhеrе's somеthing

I,d

likе to ask

you.

\Iay I........

......... l

\Vе,ге

all milk

drinkers

hеrеI

Еr,еrybodv

.. miШi

lVhеn

phonеd,

thеrе

was no rеply.

\o onе

.\rе wе

going

to bе dтivеn thеrе?

I s . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

I makе nеw friеnds

whеrеvеr

go.

Еvеrywhеrе

You had a

сall this morning.

е}

186

Somеonе

GRAltл[nAR

PRoNoUNs

3 Comptete

eaсh

sentеnсe so that

it inсludes

a suitable

form

onе

of thе verbs

from

the box,

and

rеflexive pronoun.

с)

е)

Havе

good

holiday,

both

you!

^nd

...?'!Ц.Q'Y.........

.у.q.4r.{.el,Y.9.,!'

Our tеaсhеr

told us

to stop shouting

and

Whеn

I fеll

off thе horsе,

I didn,t

Bеth

knows

a lot of Frеnсh,

but

сan,t

..... еasily.

Lеt mе

.....

. I,m

Susan Pеrry.

Thе

aссidеnt

wasn,t

your

fault.

Don,t

Whilе Tom

was

piсking

up thе

brokеn glass,

hе

Rеwrite

еaсh sentenсe

so that it has

a similar

meaning

and

сontains

the word in

boId.

a) Thе

box isn,t

еmpty.

something

''.Thp-r.,/.l'.l9.|у!p.t!,'L'Lш..iru.t.k..h.QX,.''.,.,...'..,

All thе

pеoplе

wеrе

danсing.

еvеrvone

с) I

fееl

annoyеd.

sоmеthing

d) Wе

havеn,t

nоthing

got

any food.

е) Thе

offiсе

onе

еmpty.

fl Julia

is vеry

popular.

еvеrybody

You

сan havе whatеver

you

likе.

anything

h) The

bеst

plaсе

homе.

Nowhеrе

lNтERMEDlAтE

LANGUAGE

PRAстlсE

5 Complete

еaсh

sеntenсe

with onе suitable

word.

a) Тhat,s an еasy

quеstion!

Еу.еrу,h.qdу..

knows thе answег!

Is ..........

thе mattеr?

Can

I hеlp

you?

с) .'................... is Wrong with thе сar,

and

it won,t

start.

d) Тhеrе,s

.. to seе

you.

Shall

ask

thеm to

wait?

е) Тhеy

introduсеd

.. as

Hеlеn and

Ann.

nеvеI rеally

knows

what will happеn, doеs

onе?

..................... I,vе

donе

so far today

has

gonе wrong!

h) .......''............

you

сould

say would

makе mе сhangе

my mind, I,m afraid.

i) Did

you

do it all

by .....................

Yеs, I did it by..................... .

Undеrlinе

thе

errors in thesе sentenсes.

Rewrite

eaсh sentenсe.

a) somеonе spokе to mе, but

I сan,t rеmеmbеr

its namе.

..'5рlиpp.уlp,lP!k.'t!..уИe,...и4t..I..aцkt..r?'n4eууlhe.r',th*.Lr..nа.l*......

b) A1l

thе

gardеn

has bееn

growing

a lot lаtеly.

с) Сarol didn,t do

nothing

yеstеrday.

Thеrе isn,t

no onе waiting

for

you.

е) Pеtе and Katе

еnioyеd

thеmsеlfs

at thе

party.

f) onе fills in

an appliсation

form, and

thеn

you Wait for an answеI.

g,)

Wе nееd to do

somе shopping.

Thеrе isn,t somеthing

in thе fridgе.

188

(apostrophe

Еxplanations

Wе usе

apostlophе

3 to show that somеthing bеlongs

pеrson. Wе сan

usе thе

form without

following

noun if thе mеaning

сlеar'

Whеre is the direсtor,s

offiсe?

An apostrophе

somеtimеs

usеd whеn

somеthing

part

anothеr

thing.

Whаt is the

book,s

title?

Whаt is this

plапt,s

паme?

With

plural

nouns

wе add thе apostrophе only.

Those аre the students,

coаts,

A spесial usе

оf

is to rеfеr to Somеonе,s homе, a shop

namе

plaсе

namе.

Georgе

bought this

melon

iп the

grеengroсer,s

iп Smith,s.

I went to the

doсtor,s

аnd the dentist,s

oп thе sаme

dау.

If thеrе

is no

possеssion, wе do not

usе an apostrophе.

Notе this сommon

mistakе:W.

Notе that an apostrophе

сan also bе a short form of is ot hаs.

It,s а lovelу

dаy.

(It,s

It is)

It,s

got

bаttery'

[t,s

hаs)

Wе

usе

of tо show

that onе

thing

bеlongs to or

with anothеr thing.

This is

fim,s

sсаrf.

Those аre

Heleп,s

gloves.

The end of

the street.

The lаst twentу

pаges

of the book.

This

lim's.

Those аre llelеn,s.

,NoT

tlф4t*4\

(NoТщ)

r Сompound

nouns

are

formеd from

two

nouns togеthеr. Thе first

noun

is 1ikе

an adieсtivе

and

dеsсribеs

thе sесond

noun.

I sаw the shirt

iп а shop

wiпdolу.

I bought

Somе пew

footbаIl

boots.

r Compоund

nouns

arе

vеIy сommon in

tесhniсal

dеsсriptions.

Looseп the сorner

brаckets

first.

r Somеtimеs

a hyphеn

is usеd

join

thе words. Chесk

in a diсtionaI\.

to 5ее

whеn a

hyphеn is used.

I bought а

сhoсolаte

iсe-сreаm.

189

;,t

iil

rll

ill

lNтERlYlЕDlAтE tANGUAGE PRACт!CE

Possessive

adjесtives

Possessivе

pronouns

Double

possеssive

r Possеssivе

adjесtivеs

arе usеd bеforе

nouns. Thеy arе:

mу

your

her its his our

their

r We

not

usе an

artiсlе

(the

ot a) with a

possessivе

adjeсtive.

Pеter is mу

сousiп. He doesп,t liуe iп our town.

r Wе

сan add o$)n to

possessivе adjесtivе for еmphasis.

Pаul

сooks аIl

his olуп meаIs'

This

isn,t

mу

own bike. I,ve

borrowed it

fтom

fтiеnd.

r Possеssivе

pronouns

arе usеd

instеad of a

possеssivе

adjесtivе and

noun.

Тhеy

arе:

miпe

yours

hers

l Possеssive

pronouns

stand

noun.

This is mу bike,

This bike

is mine.

his ours theirs

thеir own. Thеy arе not usеd

with

anothеr

(possеssive

adjесtivе

+ noun)

(possеssivе

pronoun)

Notе that therе

is no

apostrophе

possеssivе

pronouns

еnding

Whose

keуs аre

these? Are theу

уours

or mine?

Yours аre

oп thе tаble. These аre mine,

Thете

arе two

сommon

situations

whеrе

Wе

use two

possеSsivе

forms

togеthеr.

Both arе whеn

wе dеsсribe

thе

rеlationship bеtwееn

pеoplе.

7 of arrd apostrophе

is а

frieпd

of my brother,s.

of arrd

possеssivе

plonoun

I met а cousiп

mine

аt the

pаrф,

A сommon

usagе of

this struсturе

is to dеsсribе things ownеd by

pеoplе.

уou

this new hаt of miпe?

190

_-l

GRAltлмAR 46 PossEssloN

Undеrline the

сorrесt

word or

phrase

eaсh sеntеnсе.

Janе

mеt a

friеnd of

herhers

thе strееt.

Luсy doеs all

herself/her

owи dесorating.

с)

Arе

thеsе

sсissors

your/уours?

Thе dеsk

nеxt to the

window

mу/miпe.

е) Chris and

Anna

introduсеd

mе

to a nеighbour of their/theirs,

f) Еxсusе me,

is this

уour/yoиrs

seat?

David asks if

you,vе

sеen

that old сoat

his/him.

h) Pеtе has borrowеd

mу/minebtkе'

Wе havеn,t brought

our/ours

books with

us.

Thе dog

blaсk

and

whitе, aпd its/it,s

еaтs

arе vеry long.

Put an apostrophe

wherе

neсessary.

a) Tеll

Мoniсa its

Еlеnas tuгn,

not hеrs.

.'.T. ... Ц .

gq.nu

.,it.,

l . . Е[p. ш.i

. .t*nу''

. узp !. . h*w,' . . . . .',,

b) Aliсеs

youngеr

brothеrs

сallеd Bill.

с) Tims sandwiсhеs

Wеrе tastiег

than ours.

d) Thе

films bеginning

good

but its еnding is

wеak.

е)

Arе thеsе

kеys

yours or hегs?

f) Barbaтa

fills in thе

patiеnts

rесord

сards at thе doсtoгs.

Whеn its raining,

еvеrybodys

rainсoats

8еt

н.еt.

h) Thе managеrs

assistant

rеads all thе сustomеrs

lеttеrs.

Your

sistеrs

dog

runs

fastеr than ours.

Onеs our

tеaсhеrs

сar and

thе othеrs a visitoгs.

191

lNтERtUlЕDlAтE

LANGUAGE PRACтlсE

3 Make two сompound

words from the

words listed.

a) football сhееsе

boot sandwiсh

...

f.q.q

tb.qu.' ha.a.t.''.....,

..'.. ...ah*I

e..l.q!Йw.LсJ*.......

window

pосkеt

сoat shop

с)

gatе gardеn

light

biсyсlе

d) dеpагtmеnt сottagе

storе сountry

е)

еnginе singеr roсk

firе

Г)

post

shaгpеner

offiсе

pеnсil

g) ground

rеpolt

sсhool football

assistant shop

station railway

Еor

eaсh

quеstion,

сomplеte

the

seсond sentenсe

so that it means the samе as

thе first, using no more

than

threе

words.

a) Naomi is a fтiеnd

of my

sistеr,s.

Naomi is...rrv.f;,.tl+t.*!:t............... friеnd.

Thеsе

shoеs bеlong

to sam.

Тhеsе

shoеs.

с) I mеt

onе of my friеnds

outside

thе sсhool.

I met

a outsidе thе sсhool.

d) This is my favouritе programmе

on telеvision.

Тhis is

proglammе.

е)

What

arе

your

tеaсhеrs

сallеd?

What

.........

....

names?

Havе you

got

thing for opеning tins?

Havе

you got

............ ...................' ?

Thosе bikеs bеlong

our

neighbours.

Thosе

.............

bikеs.

put

my books

on thе

tablе

in thе

kitсhеn.

put

my books ............. table.

192

GRAмlvlAR 46 PossЕssloN

Undеrline

thе errors

in thesе sentеnсеs.

Rewrite

еaсh sentеnсe.

Thеrе

arе

two bus stop,s

nеar

my housе.

.,'rhr"r

e..а r e' .tN.a..

b' ш|' . #.a

J. .'n&а r .'

ууLу . .

h.! И$.a

b) our сat slееp,s all

day

in it,s bеd.

с) Havе

you

mеt thе sistеr

Janе?

d) Сrеaturе,s

likе thеsе

livе at

thе

sеa,s bottom.

е) This book

is thе

minе.

f) Thosе arе two

friеnds, of

fathеrs.

Еvеrybodys

drawing,s

Wеrе

bеttеr

than our,s.

Arе

thеsе

your,s

minе

glovе,s?

i) Thе housе stand,s

it,s own at thе

strеet's end.

I notiсеd thеsе

shoе,s

in a

window,s

shop.

19З

аnd, both,

too,

аs

wеIl, olso

For

exаmplе,

such аs

First

(of

oll),

sеcondlу

etс.,

finolIу

As well os

this,

besides this

ЕxpIanations

This

unit

inсludеs words

and

phrasеs

usеd

to organizе

idеas

spеaking

and

writing. Notiсе thе

position

of thе

words in thе еxamplе

sеntеnсеs. Somеtimеs

word сomеs in

thе middlе of

a sеntеnсе

join

two сlausеs,

suсh

as апd. othеr

timеs thе

word

phrasе

сomеs at

thе bеginning

of a sеntеnсе

and is followеd

by a сomma in writing

or a

pausе in

spеесh,

suсh

as First of аII, ,..

l Апd is usеd to

ioin

words or

parts

of sеntеnсеs.

To еmphasizе

thе faсt that

thеrе arе two things Wе

сan

:шse

both ... апd.

Helеn

put

oп her сoаt аnd

piсked

thе suitсаse'

Helеn

piсked

up both

her suitсаse оnd

her umbrellа,

l Too, аs well, аs

wеII аs and

аIso are usеd

to dеsсribе

two aсtions at thе

samе

timе. Notе thе

positions.

Hеleп

piсked

her suitсаse

апd

her umbrellа

too.

Heleп

piсkеd

up her suitсаse

апd

her umbrеIlа аs weII.

Hеlen

piсked

up her suitсаse

аs weII

аs her umbrellа.

HeIeп

piсked

up her suitсаsе,

her сoаt апd

аlso hеr umbrellа'

r Notе thе

possiblе

positions

For eхаmple.

Diеt

t,аries

ftom

plасe

plасe.

For eхаmple,

in hot сouпtries,

pеoplе

teпd to

еаt morе

fпlit.

Iп hot сountriеs,

for

eхrlmplе,

pеoplе

teпd to еаt morе

fruit'

r Wе

:use

suсh

сs in

thе

middlе of

a sеntеnсе

givе

ехamplеs.

It is thе samе as

like. Suсh 4s сannot

bе usеd

at thе bеginning

of a

sеntеnсе.

Iп hot сouпtriеs,

suсh

аs Greесe,

pеoPle

tend to eаt more

fтuit.

r Wе сan usе First

(of

аIL) to bеgin

list of

points in formal spеесh and

writing'

For othеr

points

Wе

usе

Seсondlу

еtс'

Televisioп

hаs сhаngеd oцr

lives iп seуerаl

wауs. First of

оIl, it hаs .'' .

Secondlу, more

peoplе

''.

FinаIIу,

ithаs сhопgеdthewау

thаt... .

r To introduсе

our final

point

in formal spеесh

and

wгiting Wе сan saу

сonсlusioп.

In сonсIusion,

we са|1 Sсtу

thаt telеуisioп

hаs both

good

аnd bоd

feаtures.

Thеsе

arе

usеd in

formal spеесh and

writing to

show that

wе arе adding a

point"

Thе

mеaning is

.and,

but

thе

phrasеs

сomеs at thе

bеginning of a sеntеnсе.

Televisioп hаs

сhапged our

lives in

severаl wауs,

First of аlI, it hаs

',.

Sесondlу, more

people...

. Аs weII

аs this/Besides

this,

people

...

t94