Василевич Г.А. (ред.) Сборник нормативных правовых актов о труде. В 2 т. Том 1
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,ë, %2K/"=…, …=*=ƒ=…, .2,ì “ë3›=?,ì, …ƒ=*%……% C!,"ë÷……/ì *
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ä=!“2"……%ã% “ë3›=?ã% “ %2!/"%ì %2 C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"= (!=K%2/) C% …=C!="-
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…= !=K%23 …= ä%ë›…%“2ü ã%“3ä=!“2"……%ã% “ë3›=?ã%;
8.16. "!ì 3÷K/ " b/“øL C=!2,L…%L ø*%ë C!, 0j joqq, `*=ä-
ì,, %K?“2"……/. …=3* C!, 0j joqq , l,…“*%L "/“øL C=!2,L…%L
ø*%ë joqq (C=!2,L…%L ø*%ë C!, 0j jo(K)a, p“C3Kë,*=…“*%L C=!2,L-
…%L ø*%ë C!, 0j jo(K)a, p“C3Kë,*=…“*%L C=!2,L…%L ø*%ë C!, 0j
joa) ä% 28 ,þë 1990 ã. “ %2!/"%ì %2 C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"= (!=K%2/) C% …=C!="ë-
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C%ä!=ƒäë…,L, ãë="…/. “Cö,=ë,“2%" .2,. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, = 2=*› " *=÷-
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C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2üþ:
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“2, " q%"2 l,…,“2!%" p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü , ã% `CC=!=2, `äì,…,“2!=-
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441
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=CC=!=2/ !“C3Kë,*=…“*,. %!ã=…%" ã%“3ä=!“2"……%ã% 3C!="ë…, , ì“2-
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dë öëL …=“2% ?ã% C%äC3…*2=:
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…, ) ,ë, %C!=2,"…%ã% 3C!="ë…, . c%“3ä=!“2"……%L %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L qqqp
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…%ì ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L "ë=“2, , 3C!="ë…, qqqp ,ë, “%þƒ…/. !“C3K-
ë,*, ,ì3?“2"% *%2%!%L C%ë…%“2üþ …=.%ä,ë%“ü " ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L “%K-
“2"……%“2, , ƒ=*!Cë ë%“ü ƒ= 2=*%L %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L …= C!=" %C!=2,"…%-
ã% 3C!="ë…, ,ë, C%ë…%ã% .%ƒ L“2"……%ã% "ä…, ;
C%ä C!ä/ä3?L !=K%2%L " ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, . …= ä%ë›-
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ë, L ,ë, …C%“!ä“2"……% ƒ= …L “ëä%"=ë= ã%“3ä=!“2"……= “ë3›K=.
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C%ä “2!3*23!…/ì C%ä!=ƒäë…,ì %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, C%…,ì=2“ %-,ö,-
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“2!3*23!…/ C%ä!=ƒäë…, %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, ë,K% "%ƒãë="ë þ?,L %ä…% ,ƒ
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…%ã% 3C!="ë…, , ì“2…/. ,“C%ë…,2ëü…/. , !=“C%! ä,2ëü…/. %!ã=-
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…/ " *=ä!%"/L !“2! cë="/ ã%“3ä=!“2"= p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü, 32"!›-
ä……/L r*=ƒ%ì o!ƒ,ä…2= p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü %2 8 …% K! 2001 ã.
1 644 &nK 32"!›ä…,, *=ä!%"%ã% !“2!= cë="/ ã%“3ä=!“2"= p“C3Kë,*,
aë=!3“ü[ (m=ö,%…=ëü…/L !“2! C!="%"/. =*2%" p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü,
2001 ã., 1 106, 1/3192).
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,ìþ?,. 3÷…3þ “2C…ü ä%*2%!= ,ë, *=…ä,ä=2= …=3*, 3÷…% ƒ"=…,
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%-,ö!=ì, … ,ìþ?,ì C!="= …= C…“,þ C% g=*%…3 p“C3Kë,*, aë=-
!3“ü %2 17 ä*=K! 1992 ã. &n C…“,%……%ì %K“C÷…,, "%……%“ë3›=?,.,
ë,ö …=÷=ëü“2"3þ?ã% , ! ä%"%ã% “%“2="= %!ã=…%" "…32!……,. äë, %!ã=-
…%" , C%ä!=ƒäë…,L C% ÷!ƒ"/÷=L…/ì “,23=ö, ì , -,…=…“%"/. !=“-
“ëä%"=…,L[ (bä=ì=“öi b !.%/…=ã= q="2= p.“C3Këi*i aë=!3“ü, 1992 ã.,
1 36, “2. 571):
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“2, " q%"2 l,…,“2!%" p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü , ã% `CC=!=2, `äì,…,“2!=-
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2/ C=ë=2 m=ö,%…=ëü…%ã% “%K!=…, p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü, = 2=*› …=ƒ…=-
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=CC=!=2/ !“C3Kë,*=…“*,. %!ã=…%" ã%“3ä=!“2"……%ã% 3C!="ë…, , ì“2-
…/. ,“C%ë…,2ëü…/. , !=“C%! ä,2ëü…/. %!ã=…%";
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*=…“*,. %!ã=…%" ã%“3ä=!“2"……%ã% 3C!="ë…, , ,. 2!!,2%!,=ëü…/.
C%ä!=ƒäë…,L, ì“2…/. ,“C%ë…,2ëü…/. , !=“C%! ä,2ëü…/. %!ã=…%".
q!%÷…= "%……= “ë3›K= “%ëä=2, ì=2!%“%", “!›=…2%" , “2=!ø,…, =
2=*› "%……= “ë3›K= %-,ö!%" C% C!,ƒ/"3 (ä% 4 ä*=K! 1992 ã. äL-
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?ã%.
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“2=› ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L “ë3›K/ C!,%ä%", C!ä3“ì%2!……/. C%äC3…*2=ì,
9.1 , 9.2 C3…*2= 9 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, , .2, C!,%ä/ “3ìì,!3þ2“
ì›ä3 “%K%L.
443
11. o!, C!.%ä ã%“3ä=!“2"……%ã% “ë3›=?ã% …= ã%“3ä=!“2"……3þ
“ë3›K3 " ä!3ã%L ã%“3ä=!“2"……/L %!ã=… ë,ö=ì, ƒ=…,ì="ø,ì ã%“3ä=!-
“2"……/ ä%ë›…%“2, " ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. %!ã=…=.:
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ã% o%ë%›…, , “2=› ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L “ë3›K/, ,“÷,“ë……/L C% …%!ì=ì
ä=……%ã% =Kƒ=ö=, “%.!=… 2“ ;
11.2. 3*=ƒ=……/. " =Kƒ=ö 2!2üì C%äC3…*2= 9.1 C3…*2= 9 …=“2% ?-
ã% o%ë%›…, , “2=› ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L “ë3›K/, ,“÷,“ë……/L C% …%!ì=ì
ä=……%ã% =Kƒ=ö=, C!“ì=2!,"=2“ " “2%!%…3 3"ë,÷…, , “ë, ,ì2 ì“-
2% C!.%ä …= ã%“3ä=!“2"……3þ “ë3›K3 " ã%“3ä=!“2"……/ %!ã=…/, 3*=-
ƒ=……/ " =Kƒ=ö "2%!%ì …=ƒ"=……%ã% C%äC3…*2=;
11.3. 3*=ƒ=……/. " =Kƒ=ö=. "2%!%ì , 2!2üì C%äC3…*2= 9.1 C3…*2=
9 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, , “2=› ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L “ë3›K/, ,“÷,“ë……/L
C% …%!ì=ì ä=……/. =Kƒ=ö", “%.!=… 2“ , “ë, ,ì2 ì“2% C!.%ä …=
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! ä*, 3“2=…%"ë……%ì C%äC3…*2=ì, 11.1$11.3 …=“2% ?ã% C3…*2=. >
6.25. na rŠbepfdemhh onknfemh“ n onp“dje
hq)hqkemh“ qŠ`f` p`anŠ{ on qoe0h`k|mnqŠh
(b nŠp`qkh) h onb{xemh“ Š`phtm{u qŠ`bnj (njk`dnb)
p`anŠmhjnb npc`mhg`0hi, thm`mqhprel{u hg
a~dfeŠ` h onk|gr~yhuq“ cnqrd`pqŠbemm{lh
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o%“2=…%"ë…, l,…,“2!“2"= 2!3ä= p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü
%2 12 …"=! 2000 ã. 1 4, “ ,ƒì. , ä%C. %2 23 ì=!2= 2001 ã. 1 20,
25 ,þ… 2001 ã. 1 76, 22 %*2 K! 2003 ã. 1 132, 21 ,þ… 2004 ã.
1 70, 4 %*2 K! 2004 ã. 1 109, 29 ä*=K! 2004 ã. 1 161,
17 ì= 2005 ã. 1 55, 26 ,þë 2005 ã. 1 92, 6 …"=! 2006 ã. 1 1,
11 ä*=K! 2006 ã. 1 159
(Íàöèîíàëüíûé ðååñòð ïðàâîâûõ àêòîâ Ðåñïóáëèêè Áåëàðóñü. 2000. ¹ 11. 8/2604;
2004. ¹ 111. 8/11242, ¹ 172. 8/11601; 2005. ¹ 8. 8/11951; ¹ 88. 8/12655, ¹ 125.
8/12978; 2006. ¹ 19. 8/13861; 2007. ¹ 28. 8/15589)
r“ë%", %Cë=2/ 2!3ä=, C!ä3“ì%2!……/ ä=……/ì C%“2=…%"ë…,ì
!=“C!%“2!=… þ2“ …= !=K%2…,*%" =CC=!=2= m=ö,%…=ëü…%L `*=äì,, …=3*
aë=!3“, , ,“C%ë…,2ëü…%L ä,!*ö,, aë%!3““*%ã% !“C3Kë,*=…“*%ã%
-%…ä= -3…ä=ì…2=ëü…/. ,““ëä%"=…,L C%“2=…%"ë…,ì l,…,“2!“2"=
2!3ä= , “%ö,=ëü…%L ƒ=?,2/ %2 27 …"=! 2005 ã. 1 4 (ƒ=!ã,“2!,!%"=…%
" m=ö,%…=ëü…%ì !“2! $ 1 8/12131 %2 14.02.2005 ã.)
444
___________________________________________________________
r“ë%", %Cë=2/ 2!3ä=, C!ä3“ì%2!……/ ä=……/ì C%“2=…%"ë…,ì
!=“C!%“2!=… þ2“ …= !=K%2…,*%" ,“C%ë…,2ëü…/. ä,!*ö,L aë%!3““*%ã%
,……%"=ö,%……%ã% -%…ä= c%“3ä=!“2"……%ã% *%ì,22= C% …=3* , 2.…%ë%ã,-
ì p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü , t%…ä= ,…-%!ì=2,ƒ=ö,, p“C3Kë,*, aë=-
!3“ü l,…,“2!“2"= “" ƒ, , ,…-%!ì=2,ƒ=ö,, p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü C%-
“2=…%"ë…,ì l,…,“2!“2"= 2!3ä= , “%ö,=ëü…%L ƒ=?,2/ %2 27 …"=!
2005 ã. 1 5 (ƒ=!ã,“2!,!%"=…% " m=ö,%…=ëü…%ì !“2! $ 1 8/12132 %2
14.02.2005 ã.)
___________________________________________________________
b% ,“C%ë……, C3…*2= 2 C%“2=…%"ë…, q%"2= l,…,“2!%" p“C3K-
ë,*, aë=!3“ü %2 31 ä*=K! 1999 ã. 1 2070 &n ì!=. C% “%"!ø…“2"%"=-
…,þ 3“ë%",L %Cë=2/ 2!3ä= !=K%2…,*%" %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, -,…=…“,!3ì/. ,ƒ
Kþä›2=[ (m=ö,%…=ëü…/L !“2! C!="%"/. =*2%" p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü,
2000 ã., 1 5, 5/2342) l,…,“2!“2"% 2!3ä= p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü C% “%ãë=-
“%"=…,þ “ l,…,“2!“2"%ì -,…=…“%" p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü C%“2=…%"ë 2:
1. r2"!ä,2ü C!,ë=ã=ì% o%ë%›…, % C%! ä* ,“÷,“ë…, “2=›=
!=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) , C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/. “2="%* (%*-
ë=ä%") !=K%2…,*%" %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, -,…=…“,!3ì/. ,ƒ Kþä›2= , C%ëüƒ3þ-
?,.“ ã%“3ä=!“2"……/ì, ä%2=ö, ì,, ƒ= “2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2,
(" %2!=“ë,).
2. o!%,ƒ"%ä,2ü C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/. “2="%* , %*ë=ä%", !=““÷,2=…-
…/. " “%%2"2“2",, “ 3“2=…%"ë……%L o!=",2ëü“2"%ì p“C3Kë,*, aë=-
!3“ü 2=!,-…%L “2="*%L C!"%ã% !=ƒ! ä= , *%.--,ö,…2=ì, eä,…%L 2=-
!,-…%L “2*, !=K%2…,*%" p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü, ƒ= “2=› !=K%2/ C% “C-
ö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) (ƒ= ,“*ëþ÷…,ì “ë3›=?,. ã%“3ä=!“2"……%ã%
=CC=!=2=) " “ëä3þ?,. !=ƒì!=.:
ä% 5 ë2 10 C!%ö…2%"
%2 5 ä% 10 ë2 15 C!%ö…2%"
%2 10 ä% 15 ë2 20 C!%ö…2%"
%2 15 ë2 , "/ø 30 C!%ö…2%"
3. o!,ƒ…=2ü 32!=2,"ø,ì, “,ë3 C%“2=…%"ë…, l,…,“2!“2"= 2!3ä=
p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü:
%2 19 …"=! 1998 ã. 1 6 &nK 32"!›ä…,, o%ë%›…, % C%! ä*
,“÷,“ë…, “2=›= !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) , C%"/ø…,
2=!,-…/. “2="%* , %*ë=ä%" !=K%2…,*%" C!äC!, 2,L, 3÷!›ä…,L , %!ã=-
…,ƒ=ö,L Kþä›2…%L “-!/ ƒ= “2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“-
ë,)[ (ƒ=!ã,“2!,!%"=…% " p“2! ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L !ã,“2!=ö,, 26.01.1998
N 2266/12);
%2 25 ="ã3“2= 1999 ã. 1 106 &n "…“…,, ,ƒì……,L , ä%C%ë……, "
C!,ë%›…, * o%ë%›…,þ % C%! ä* ,“÷,“ë…, “2=›= !=K%2/ C% “Cö,-
=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) , C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/. “2="%* , %*ë=ä%" !=K%2…,-
*%" C!äC!, 2,L, 3÷!›ä…,L Kþä›2…%L “-!/ ƒ= “2=› !=K%2/ C% “C-
ö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,), 32"!›ä……%ì3 C%“2=…%"ë…,ì l,…,“2!“2"=
2!3ä= p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü %2 19 …"=! 1998 ã. 1 6[ (m=ö,%…=ëü…/L
!“2! C!="%"/. =*2%" p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü, 1999 ã., 1 69, 8/807).
l,…,“2! h.`.k .
445
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% C%! ä* ,“÷,“ë…, “2=›= !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,)
, C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/. “2="%* (%*ë=ä%") !=K%2…,*%" %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L,
-,…=…“,!3ì/. ,ƒ Kþä›2= , C%ëüƒ3þ?,.“ ã%“3ä=!“2"……/ì,
ä%2=ö, ì,, ƒ= “2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,)
o%“2=…%"ë…, l,…,“2!“2"= 2!3ä= p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü
%2 12 …"=! 2000 ã. 1 4, " !ä. %2 21 ,þ… 2004 ã. 1 70,
“ ,ƒì. , ä%C.
1. o%ë%›…, % C%! ä* ,“÷,“ë…, “2=›= !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“-
2, (" %2!=“ë,) , C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/. “2="%* (%*ë=ä%") !=K%2…,*%" %!ã=-
…,ƒ=ö,L, -,…=…“,!3ì/. ,ƒ Kþä›2= , C%ëüƒ3þ?,.“ ã%“3ä=!“2"……/-
ì, ä%2=ö, ì,, ƒ= “2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) (ä=ë $
o%ë%›…,) %C!äë 2 C%! ä%* ,“÷,“ë…, “2=›= !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü-
…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) , C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/. “2="%* (%*ë=ä%") !=K%2…,*%"
%!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, -,…=…“,!3ì/. ,ƒ Kþä›2= , C%ëüƒ3þ?,.“ ã%“3ä=!“2"…-
…/ì, ä%2=ö, ì, (ä=ë $ Kþä›2…/ %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,), ƒ= 3*=ƒ=……/L “2=›
" “%%2"2“2",, “ C%“2=…%"ë…,ì q%"2= l,…,“2!%" p“C3Kë,*, aë=-
!3“ü %2 31 ä*=K! 1999 ã. 1 2070 &n ì!=. C% “%"!ø…“2"%"=…,þ 3“ë%-
",L %Cë=2/ 2!3ä= !=K%2…,*%" %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, -,…=…“,!3ì/. ,ƒ Kþä›-
2=[ (m=ö,%…=ëü…/L !“2! C!="%"/. =*2%" p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü, 2000
ã., 1 5, 5/2342).
2. o%ë%›…, !=“C!%“2!=… 2“ …= !=K%2…,*%" Kþä›2…/. %!ã=…,-
ƒ=ö,L …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 %2!=“ë"%L C!,…=äë›…%“2,.
3. d,--!…ö,!%"=……% C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/. “2="%* (%*ë=ä%") ƒ=
“2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, C!%,ƒ"%ä,2“ “Cö,=ë,“2=ì, ƒ=…,ì=þ?,ì
ä%ë›…%“2,, C!ä3“ì%2!……/ C!÷…ì “Cö,=ë,“2%" Kþä›2…/. %!ã=-
…,ƒ=ö,L ƒä!="%%.!=……, , “%ö,=ëü…%L ƒ=?,2/, %K!=ƒ%"=…, , …=3*,,
-,ƒ,÷“*%L *3ëü23!/ , “C%!2=, *3ëü23!/ , ,“*3““2"=, !=ä,% , 2ë",ä-
…, , =!.,"%" , =!.,"…/. 3÷!›ä…,L, !ä=*ö,L ã=ƒ2 , ›3!…=ë%" “%-
ãë=“…% C!,ë%›…,þ (ä=ë $ C!÷…ü).
4. d,--!…ö,!%"=……% C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/. “2="%* (%*ë=ä%") ƒ=
“2=› !=K%2/ " %2!=“ë, C!%,ƒ"%ä,2“ !3*%"%ä,2ë ì, “Cö,=ë,“2=ì, “ë3-
›=?,ì , !=K%÷,ì Kþä›2…/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, ä%ë›…%“2, *%2%!/. … C!-
ä3“ì%2!…/ C!÷…ì, " 2%ì ÷,“ë %“3?“2"ë þ?,ì 2.…,÷“*% %K“ë3-
›,"=…, , %K“C÷,"=þ?,ì ä 2ëü…%“2ü ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. %!ã=…%".
5. o%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/. “2="%* (%*ë=ä%") !=K%2…,*=ì, 3*=ƒ=……/ì
" C3…*2=. 3 , 4 ä=……%ã% o%ë%›…, , ƒ= “2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, ("
446
%2!=“ë,) C!%,ƒ"%ä,2“ " “ëä3þ?,. !=ƒì!=.: C!, “2=› !=K%2/ ä% 5 ë2 $
…= 10 C!%ö…2%", %2 5 ä% 10 ë2 $ …= 15, %2 10 ä% 15 ë2 $ …= 20 , “"/ø
15 ë2 $ …= 30 C!%ö…2%".
6. b “2=› !=K%2/ !=K%2…,*%", %“3?“2"ë þ?,. 2.…,÷“*% %K“ë3-
›,"=…, , %K“C÷,"=þ?,. ä 2ëü…%“2ü ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. %!ã=…%", "*ëþ-
÷=þ2“ C!,%ä/ !=K%2/ …= ëþK/. ä%ë›…%“2 . " ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. %!ã=-
…=. , C!,!="………/. * …,ì " “%%2"2“2",, “ ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì ã%“3ä=!-
“2"……/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, ., = 2=*› ,…/ ",ä/ ä 2ëü…%“2,, "*ëþ÷=ì/ "
“2=› ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L “ë3›K/ C!, ƒ=… 2,, ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. ä%ë›…%“-
2L " “ë3÷= ., 3“2=…%"ë……/. o!=",2ëü“2"%ì p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü C%
“%ãë=“%"=…,þ “ o!ƒ,ä…2%ì p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü, " 2%ì ÷,“ë …= ä%ë›-
…%“2 ., “" ƒ=……/. “ 2.…,÷“*,ì %K“ë3›,"=…,ì , %K“C÷…,ì ä -
2ëü…%“2,.
7. b “2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, äë C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/. “2=-
"%* (%*ë=ä%") "*ëþ÷=2“ "!ì !=K%2/ (“ë3›K/) “Cö,=ë,“2%" ("%…-
…%“ë3›=?,., ë,ö …=÷=ëü“2"3þ?ã% “%“2="=) " Kþä›2…/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,-
., …= ä%ë›…%“2 ., C!ä3“ì%2!……/. " C!÷…, …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 %2!=“ë-
"%L C!,…=äë›…%“2, Kþä›2…%L %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,.
8. b “2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) ƒ=“÷,2/"=þ2“ 2=*›:
C!,%ä/ !=K%2/ …= C!äC!, 2, ., " 3÷!›ä…, . , %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, .
K/"øã% qqqp “Cö,=ë,“2%" “%ö,=ëü…%-*3ëü23!…/. %2!=“ëL Kþä›2-
…%L “-!/, …= ä%ë›…%“2 ., C!ä3“ì%2!……/. " C!÷…;
C!,%ä/ !=K%2/ …= C!äC!, 2, ., " 3÷!›ä…, . , %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, .
p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü, K/"øã% qqqp, "%øäø,. "C%“ëä“2",, " “,“2ì3
ä=……%ã% ì,…,“2!“2"= ,ë, ,…%ã% ã%“3ä=!“2"……%ã% %!ã=…=, !=K%2…,*=ì,
ä%ë›…%“2…/ %*ë=ä/ *%2%!/. C%"/ø=þ2“ ƒ= “2=› !=K%2/ " %2!=“ë,;
C!,%ä/ !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (C!%-““,, ,ë, " ä%ë›…%“2,) "
ì›ä3…=!%ä…/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, . , 3÷!›ä…, . C% …=C!="ë…,þ ã%“3ä=!-
“2"……%ã% %!ã=…= p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü , K/"øã% qqqp;
C!,%ä/ !=K%2/ C% ä=……%L “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,), …= C!äC!, -
2, ., " 3÷!›ä…, . , %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, . …= 2!!,2%!,, p%““,L“*%L tä!=-
ö,,;
" “2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) "*ëþ÷=2“ C!,%ä !=-
K%2/ " o=ë=2 C!ä“2=",2ëL , q%"2 p“C3Kë,*, m=ö,%…=ëü…%ã% “%-
K!=…, p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü, = 2=*› !=K%2= " *=÷“2" äC32=2%", %“3-
?“2"ë þ?,. “"%, C%ë…%ì%÷, …= C!%-““,%…=ëü…%L %“…%" " q%"2=.
"“. 3!%"…L;
"!ì “%ä!›=…, C%ä “2!=›L ,ë, %2K/"=…, …=*=ƒ=…, !=K%2…,-
*%", …ƒ=*%……% C!,"ë÷……/. * 3ã%ë%"…%L %2"2“2"……%“2, , !=K,ë,2,-
!%"=……/. " 3“2=…%"ë……%ì C%! ä*, “ë, .2%ì3 C!äø“2"%"=ë= !=K%2=
C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,);
"!ì 2!3ä%"/. , “%ö,=ëü…/. %2C3“*%", C!ä%“2="ë ì/. " “%%2-
"2“2",, “ ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì, = 2=*› C!,%ä/ "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%-
“%K…%“2,;
447
“!%÷…= "%……= “ë3›K= “%ëä=2, ì=2!%“%", “!›=…2%" , “2=!ø,…, =
2=*› “ë3›K= %-,ö!%" C% C!,ƒ/"3 …= 2 ã%ä=, “ë, !=K%2…,* ä% C!,ƒ/"=
…= "%……3þ “ë3›K3 !=K%2=ë C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) , … C%ƒä…
2!. ì“ ö" C%“ë 3"%ëü……, “ "%……%L “ë3›K/ C!,… 2 …= !=K%23 C%
.2%L › “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" .23 › %2!=“ëü);
"!ì C%"/ø…, *"=ë,-,*=ö,, ë,K% C!C%äã%2%"*, !=K%2…,*= “
%2!/"%ì %2 C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"= C% …=C!="ë…,þ …=…,ì=2ë , “ë, .2%2 !=K%2-
…,* … C%ƒä… 2!. ì“ ö" C%“ë %*%…÷=…, 3÷K/ K/ë C!,… 2 …= !=K%-
23 * 2%ì3 › …=…,ì=2ëþ.
9. b “2=› !=K%2/ " %2!=“ë, "*ëþ÷=2“ "!ì !=K%2/ " %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,-
., …=.%ä ?,.“ " C%ä÷,……,, %2!=“ë"%ã% ì,…,“2!“2"=, ,…%ã% ã%“3ä=!-
“2"……%ã% %!ã=…=, …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 ƒ=…,ì=ì%L !=K%2…,*%ì ä%ë›…%“2, (C!%-
-““,,).
10. o!, ,“÷,“ë…,, “2=›= !=K%2/ " %2!=“ë, !=K%2…,*=ì ö…2!=ë,-
ƒ%"=……/. K3.ã=ë2!,L, “%ƒä=……/. C!, ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. %!ã=…=., ì“2-
…/. ,“C%ë…,2ëü…/. , !=“C%! ä,2ëü…/. %!ã=…=., ,. 3C!="ë…, . ,
%2äë=., = 2=*› 3÷!›ä…, . “%ö,=ëü…%-*3ëü23!…/. %2!=“ëL Kþä›2-
…%L “-!/, 3÷,2/"=þ2“ C!,%ä/ !=K%2/ " %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, . ä=……%L %2!=“-
ë, , ö…2!=ë,ƒ%"=……/. K3.ã=ë2!, . …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 %2!=“ë"%L C!,…=ä-
ë›…%“2,.
11. h“÷,“ë…, “2=›= !=K%2/ " %2!=“ë, äë C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/.
“2="%* (%*ë=ä%") !=K%2…,*%" C%ä!=ƒäë…,L C% 2.…,÷“*%ì3 …=äƒ%!3 ƒ=
*=C,2=ëü…/ì !ì%…2%ì (“2!%,2ëü“2"%ì) , ,…/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L C!, ã%-
“3ä=!“2"……/. %!ã=…=., ì“2…/. ,“C%ë…,2ëü…/. , !=“C%! ä,2ëü…/.
%!ã=…=., ,. 3C!="ë…, . , %2äë=. %“3?“2"ë 2“ " “%%2"2“2",, “ …=-
“2% ?,ì o%ë%›…,ì.
12. o!, ,“÷,“ë…,, “2=›= !=K%2/ " %2!=“ë, äë C%"/ø…, 2=!,--
…/. %*ë=ä%" !=K%2…,*%" “ë3›K “3K“,ä,!%"=…, , “%ƒä=……/. C!, ì“2…/.
,“C%ë…,2ëü…/. , !=“C%! ä,2ëü…/. %!ã=…=. , “%ä!›=?,.“ ƒ= “÷2
“!ä“2" ì“2…/. Kþä›2%", C!ä…=ƒ…=÷……/. äë C!ä%“2="ë…, Kƒ…=-
ë,÷…/. ›,ë,?…/. “3K“,ä,L, 3÷,2/"=þ2“ 2%ëü*% C!,%ä/ !=K%2/ " ä=…-
…/. “ë3›K=. …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 2%ã%, C!, *=*,. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, . %…, “%ƒä=…/.
13. o!, ,“÷,“ë…,, “2=›= !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) "
Kþä›2…/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, ., C%ä÷,………/. %2!=“ë"%ì3 ì,…,“2!“2"3 ,ë,
,…%ì3 ã%“3ä=!“2"……%ì3 %!ã=…3, 3÷,2/"=þ2“ C!,%ä/ !=K%2/ " “%%2"2-
“2"3þ?,. ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. %!ã=…=..
14. o!, C!ä=÷ %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, ,ƒ C%ä÷,……, %ä…%ã% %!ã=…= " C%ä÷,-
……, %2!=“ë,, -,…=…“,!3ì%L ,ƒ Kþä›2=, C!›…,L C!,%ä !=K%2/ "
ä=……%L %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, 3÷,2/"=2“ C!, ,“÷,“ë…,, “2=›= !=K%2/ C% “C-
ö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,).
o!, C!ä=÷ " 3“2=…%"ë……%ì C%! ä* “2!3*23!…/. C%ä!=ƒäë…,L
%!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, " %2!=“ëü, -,…=…“,!3ì3þ ,ƒ Kþä›2=, C!›…,L C!,%ä
!=K%2/ " “2!3*23!…/. C%ä!=ƒäë…, . %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, 3÷,2/"=2“ C!, ,“-
÷,“ë…,, “2=›= !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 %“-
448
…%"=…,L C!*!=?…, 2!3ä%"/. %2…%ø…,L “ !=K%2…,*%ì …= ì%ì…2
C!ä=÷,.
15. o!, C!ä=÷ " 3“2=…%"ë……%ì C%! ä* Kþä›2…%L %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,
,ƒ %ä…%L %2!=“ë, Kþä›2…%L “-!/ " ä!3ã3þ “2=› !=K%2/ " C!›…L
%2!=“ë, äë C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/. “2="%* (%*ë=ä%") !=K%2…,*%" 3÷,2/-
"=2“ C% …%"%ì3 ì“23 !=K%2/.
16. b “ë3÷= C!"%ä= %2äëü…/. !=K%2…,*%" …= ä%ë›…%“2, “Cö,=-
ë,“2%", C!ä3“ì%2!……/ C!÷…ì, C% !ø…,þ …=…,ì=2ë C%"/ø…,
2=!,-…/. “2="%* (%*ë=ä%") ä=……/. !=K%2…,*%" ƒ= “2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,-
=ëü…%“2, ì%›2 C!%,ƒ"%ä,2ü“ “ 3÷2%ì “2=›= !=K%2/ " %2!=“ë, ,“.%ä
,ƒ %2!=K%2=……%ã% " …L "!ì…,.
17. o% !ø…,þ …=…,ì=2ë " “2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, ì%›2
K/2ü ƒ=“÷,2=… C!,%ä !=K%2/ " %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, . …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 -%!ì/ “%K-
“2"……%“2, ,ë, ,. “2!3*23!…/. C%ä!=ƒäë…, ., .=!=*2! !=K%2/ " *%-
2%!/. =…=ë%ã,÷… !=K%2, "/C%ë… ì%L " Kþä›2…%L %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,, …=
ä%ë›…%“2 ., C!ä3“ì%2!……/. C!÷…ì.
18. n“%K……%“2, ,“÷,“ë…, “2=›= !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2-
!=“ë,) 3“2=…="ë,"=þ2“ “%%2"2“2"3þ?,ì, ì,…,“2!“2"=ì,, ,…/ì, ã%-
“3ä=!“2"……/ì, %!ã=…=ì, C% “%ãë=“%"=…,þ “ l,…,“2!“2"%ì 2!3ä= , “%-
ö,=ëü…%L ƒ=?,2/ , l,…,“2!“2"%ì -,…=…“%".
19. o!,%ä/ !=K%2/, C%äë›=?, ƒ=÷23 " “2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü-
…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,), “3ìì,!3þ2“ …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 “!%*%" C!!/"= " !=K%2.
20. q2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) ,“÷,“ë 2“ " ã%ä=.,
ì“ ö=. , ä… ..
21. q2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) C%ä2"!›ä=2“ 2!3-
ä%"%L *…,›*%L, = C!, %2“32“2",, $ " C%! ä*, C!ä3“ì%2!……%ì äë
C%ä2"!›ä…, 2!3ä%"%ã% “2=›= C!, …=ƒ…=÷…,, C…“,,.
22. o!"%…=÷=ëü…% C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/. “2="%* (%*ë=ä%") ƒ= “2=›
!=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) C!%,ƒ"%ä,2“ “ …=÷=ë= äL“2",
2!3ä%"%ã% ä%ã%"%!=. o%“ëä3þ?, C%"/ø…, C!%,ƒ"%ä 2“ " ä…ü C!-
.%ä= !=K%2…,*= " “ëä3þ?3þ “2=›"3þ ã!3CC3.
23. p=ƒì!/ C%"/ø…,L 2=!,-…/. “2="%* (%*ë=ä%") !=K%2…,*%" ƒ=
“2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) …=! ä3 “ ä!3ã,ì, C%"/ø…, -
ì, “3ìì,!3þ2“ “ 2=!,-…/ì, “2="*=ì, (%*ë=ä=ì,) , %K!=ƒ3þ2 “2="*,
(%*ë=ä/).
24. o!, "/C%ë……,, !=K%2/ …= 3“ë%", . “%"ì“2,2ëü“2"= C% %“-
…%"…%ì3 ì“23 !=K%2/ ,ë, 3 ä!3ã%ã% …=…,ì=2ë “2=› !=K%2/ C% “Cö,-
=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,) ,“÷,“ë 2“ " C%! ä*, 3“2=…%"ë……%ì …=“2% ?,ì
o%ë%›…,ì.
25. o!, "!ì……%ì ƒ=ì“2,2ëü“2" C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…%L “2="*,
(%*ë=ä=) " ƒ=",“,ì%“2, %2 “2=›= !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,)
449
C!%,ƒ"%ä,2“ C% %“…%"…%L ä%ë›…%“2,. o!, .2%ì ƒ=ì?=ì%ì3 !=K%2…,-
*3 "/Cë=÷,"=2“ !=ƒ…,ö= ì›ä3 ã% 2=!,-…%L “2="*%L (%*ë=ä%ì) Kƒ
3÷2= C%"/ø…, ƒ= “2=› !=K%2/, …=äK="%*, ä%Cë=2 , ä!3ã,. "/Cë=2 ,
2=!,-…%L “2="*%L (%*ë=ä%ì) ƒ=ì?=ì%ã% !=K%2…,*= Kƒ 3÷2= C%"/ø-
…, ƒ= “2=›, …=äK="%*, ä%Cë=2 , ä!3ã,. "/Cë=2.
26. qC%!/, “" ƒ=……/ “ %C!äë…,ì “2=›= !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%-
“2, (" %2!=“ë,), !=““ì=2!,"=þ2“ " C%! ä*, C!ä3“ì%2!……%ì ƒ=*%…%ä=-
2ëü“2"%ì.
27. h“*ëþ÷….
o!,ë%›…,
* o%ë%›…,þ % C%! ä* ,“÷,“ë…, “2=-
›= !=K%2/ C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,)
, C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/. “2="%* (%*ë=ä%")
!=K%2…,*%" %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, -,…=…“,!3ì/.
,ƒ Kþä›2= , C%ëüƒ3þ?,.“ ã%“3ä=!-
“2"……/ì, ä%2=ö, ì,, ƒ= “2=› !=K%2/
C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2, (" %2!=“ë,)
oepe)em|
“Cö,=ë,“2%" Kþä›2…/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L ƒä!="%%.!=……, ,
“%ö,=ëü…%L ƒ=?,2/, %K!=ƒ%"=…, , …=3*,, -,ƒ,÷“*%L *3ëü23!/ ,
“C%!2=, *3ëü23!/ , ,“*3““2"=, !=ä,% , 2ë",ä…, , =!.,"%" ,
=!.,"…/. 3÷!›ä…,L, !ä=*ö,L ã=ƒ2 , ›3!…=ë%"
1. gä!="%%.!=……,
1.1. lä,ö,…“*, , -=!ì=ö"2,÷“*, !=K%2…,*,:
b!=÷, "“. …=,ì…%"=…,L, "*ëþ÷= !3*%"%ä,2ëL %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, ,.
ƒ=ì“2,2ëL $ "!=÷L, !3*%"%ä,2ëL “2!3*23!…/. C%ä!=ƒäë…,L $ "!=-
÷L
o!%",ƒ%!/, "*ëþ÷= !3*%"%ä,2ëL %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, ,. ƒ=ì“2,2ëL $
C!%",ƒ%!%", !3*%"%ä,2ëL “2!3*23!…/. C%ä!=ƒäë…,L $ C!%",ƒ%!%"
q!ä…,L ìä,ö,…“*,L C!“%…=ë "“. …=,ì…%"=…,L, "*ëþ÷= ãë="-
…/. ìä““2!, !3*%"%ä,2ëL %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, “2!3*23!…/. C%ä!=ƒäë…,L
,ƒ ÷,“ë= “!ä…ã% ìä,ö,…“*%ã% C!“%…=ë= (ƒ= ,“*ëþ÷…,ì ìä!ã,“2!=-
2%!%" , äƒ,…-*2%!%", … ,ìþ?,. ìä,ö,…“*%ã% %K!=ƒ%"=…, )
q!ä…,L -=!ì=ö"2,÷“*,L C!“%…=ë "“. …=,ì…%"=…,L, "*ëþ÷=
!3*%"%ä,2ëL %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, “2!3*23!…/. C%ä!=ƒäë…,L ,ƒ ÷,“ë= “!ä-
…ã% ìä,ö,…“*%ã% C!“%…=ë=
c%“3ä=!“2"……/ ìä,ö,…“*, “3äK…/ .*“C!2/ $ “Cö,=ë,“2/ ("“.
…=,ì…%"=…,L), "*ëþ÷= !3*%"%ä,2ëL %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, ,. ƒ=ì“2,2ëL $
ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. “3äK…%-ìä,ö,…“*,. .*“C!2%", !3*%"%ä,2ëL “2!3*-
23!…/. C%ä!=ƒäë…,L (3C!="ë…,L, %2äë%", %2äë…,L , ä!3ã,.)