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FURTHER READING
No one has written a comprehensive history of power and authority from the early
modern period to the present. I can list here only a few publications in English which,
when added to those listed above, barely suggest what such a work would have to
include. For early modern Japan, David Howell’s Geographies of Identity in Nine-
teenth-Century Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005) explores shift-
ing criteria of status and power in the Tokugawa and Meiji periods. Intricate relations
of duty and authority among urban commoners are evoked in the Tokugawa era
puppet dramas collected in Donald Keene, trans., Four Major Plays of Chikamatsu
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1964). For the post-Restoration period, it is
necessary to include Irokawa Daikichi’s The Culture of the Meiji Period (Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1985), on rising political consciousness among rural
elites, and Andrew Gordon’s Labor and Imperial Democracy in Prewar Japan (Ber-
keley: University of California Press, 1991), which provides a broad perspective on
urban crowds and workers down to World War II. The ‘‘rice riots’’ of 1918 are
526 J. VICTOR KOSCHMANN