//FS2/CUP/3-PAGINATION/SDE/2-PROOFS/3B2/9780521873628RFA.3D
–
512
– [496–513] 13.3.2008 10:49AM
subduction zone earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res.
109B:5302. doi:10.1029/2003JB002549.
Vidale, J. E., 2001, Peeling back the layers in Earth’s
mantle. Science 294: 313.
Vidale, J. E., Dodge, D. A. and Earle, P. S., 2000, Slow
differential rotation of the Earth’s inner core indi-
cated by temporal changes in scattering, Nature 405:
445–448.
Vidale, J. E. and Earle, P. S., 2000, Fine-scale hetero-
geneity in the Earth’ s inner core, Nature 405:
273–275.
Vidale, J. E., and Hedlin, M. A. H., 2000, Evidence for
partial melt at the core–mantle boundary north of
Tonga from the strong scattering of seismic waves,
Nature 391: 682–685.
Vine, F. J. and Matthews, D. H., 1963, Magnetic anoma-
lies over ocean ridges. Nature 199: 947–949.
Vinet, P., Ferrante, J., Rose, J. H. and Smith, J. R., 1987,
Compressibility of solids. J. Geophys. Res. 92:
9319–9325.
Vondr
´
ak, J., 1999, Earth rotation parameters, 1899.7–
1992.0, after reanalysis within the Hipparcos frame.
Surveys in Geophys. 20: 169–195.
Wasson, J. T., 1985, Meteorites: Their Record of Early Solar
System History. New York: Freeman.
Watson, E. B. and Harrison, T. M., 2005, Zircon ther-
mometer reveals minimum melting conditions on
earliest Earth. Science 308: 841–844.
Watt, P. J., Davies, G. F. and O’Connell, R. J., 1976,
The elastic properties of composite materials. Rev.
Geophys. Space Phys. 14: 541–563.
Watts, A. B., 2001, Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Weaver, H. A., Stern, S. A., Mutchler, M. J., Steffl, A. J.,
Buie, M. W., Merline, W. J., Spencer, J. R., Young, E. F.
and Young, L. A., 2006, Discovery of two new satel-
lites of Pluto. Nature 439: 943–945.
Webb, D. J., 1982, Tides and the evolution of the Earth-
Moon system. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 70: 261–271.
Weertman, J. and Weertman, J. R., 1992, Elementary
Dislocation Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wetherill, G. W., 1968, Stone meteorites: time of fall
and origin. Science 159: 79–82.
Wetherill, G. W., 1981, Nature and origin of basin-
forming projectiles. Proc. Lunar Plan. Sci. 12A: 1–18.
Wetherill, G. W., 1985, Asteroidal source of ordinary
chondrites. Meteoritics 20: 1–22.
Whaler, K. A., 1980, Does the whole of the Earth’s core
convect? Nature 287: 528–530.
Wheeler, K. T., Walker, D., Fei, Y., Minarik, W. G., and
McDonough, W. F., 2006, Experimental partitioning
of uranium between liquid iron sulfide and liquid
silicate: implications for radioactivity in the Earth’s
core. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70: 1537–1547.
White, M. L., 1972, Jet streams and the development of
the solar system. Nature Phys. Sci. 238: 104–105.
Wielandt, E., 1987, On the validity of the ray approx-
imation for interpreting delay times. In Nolet, G. (ed.),
Seismic Tomography.Dordrecht:Reidel,pp.85–98.
Wiens, D. A. and Stein, S., 1985, Implications of oce-
anic intraplate seismicity for plate stresses, driving
forces and rheology. Tectonophysics 116: 143–162.
Wignall, P. B., 2001, Large igneous provinces and mass
extinctions. Earth Sci. Rev. 53: 1–33.
Williams, G. E., 1990, Tidal rhythmites: key to the his-
tory of the Earth’s rotation and the lunar orbit.
J. Phys. Earth 38: 475–491.
Williams, G. E., 1991, Milankovitch-band cyclicity in
bedded halite deposits contemporaneous with Late
Ordovician–Early Silurian glaciation, Canning Basin,
Western Australia. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 103: 143–155.
Williams, G. E., 2000, Geological constraints on the
preCambrian history of the Earth’s rotation and
the Moon’s orbit. Rev. Geophys. 38: 37–59.
Williams, J. G., Ratcliffe, J. T. and Boggs, D. H., 2004,
Lunar rotation orientation and science. EOS (Trans.
AGU Fall Meeting Supplement) 85(47) F603 (Abstract
G33A-08).
Williams, Q., Revenaugh, J. and Garnero, E., 1998, A
correlation between ultra-low basal velocities in the
mantle and hot spots. Science 281: 546–549.
Willson,R.C.andHudson,H.S.,1991,Thesun’slumi-
nosity over a complete solar cycle. Nature 351: 42–44.
Wilson, R. L., 1962, The palaeomagnetism of baked
contact rocks and reversals of the Earth’s magnetic
field. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 7: 194–202.
Wilson, R. L., 1970, Permanent aspects of the Earth’s
non-dipole magnetic field over Upper Tertiary time.
Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 19: 417–437.
Wisdom, J., 1983, Chaotic behaviour and the origin of
the 3/1 Kirkwood gap. Icarus 56: 51–74.
Wolbach, W. S., Lewis, R. S. and Anders, E., 1985,
Cretaceous extinctions: evidence for wildfire and
search for meteoritic material. Science 230: 167–170.
Wood, B. J., 1993, Carbon in the core. Earth Plan. Sci.
Lett. 117: 593–607.
Wood, J. A., 1964, The cooling rates and parent planets
of several iron meteorites. Icarus 3: 429–459.
Woodhouse, J. H., 1983, The joint inversion of seismic
waveforms for lateral variations in Earth structure
and earthquake source parameters. In Kanamori, H.
and Boschi, E. eds. Proceedings of the Enrico Fermi
International School of Physics, 85. Amsterdam: North
Holland, pp. 366–397.
512 REFERENCES