Schenken Suzanne O’Dea. From Suffrage to the Senate: An Encyclopedia of American Women in Politics (2 Volumes)

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Activists and Authors

Abbott, Grace (1878–1939)

Addams, Jane (1860–1935)

Alexander, Sadie Tanner Mosell

(1898–1989)

Allred, Gloria Rachel (b. 1941)

Ames, Jessie Harriet Daniel

(1883–1972)

Anderson, Marian (1902–1993)

Angelou, Maya (b. 1928)

Anthony, Susan Brownell

(1820–1906)

Atkinson, Ti-Grace (b. 1939)

Baker, Ella Josephine (1903–1986)

Balch, Emily Greene (1867–1961)

Barnard, Catherine (Kate) Ann

(1875–1930)

Bass, Charlotta Spears

(1880–1969)

Bates, Daisy Lee Gatson (b. 1920)

Beauvoir, Simone Lucie Ernestine

Marie Bertrand de (1908–1986)

Belmont, Alva Erskine Smith Van-

derbilt (1853–1933)

Bethune, Mary Jane McLeod

(1875–1955)

Blackwell, Alice Stone (1857–1950)

Blatch, Harriot Eaton Stanton

(1856–1940)

Bloomer, Amelia Jenks

(1818–1894)

Bloor, Ella Reeve Ware Cohen

Omholt (Mother Bloor)

(1862–1951)

Bonney, Mary Lucinda

(1816–1900)

Bradwell, Myra Colby (1831–1894)

Brady, Sarah Jane Kemp (b. 1942)

Bravo, Ellen (b. 1944)

Brent, Margaret (ca. 1607–ca.

1671)

Brown, Elaine (b. 1943)

Brown, Judie (b. 1944)

Brown, Rita Mae (b. 1944)

Byrne, Jane Margaret Burke

(b. 1934)

Caldicott, Helen Broinowski

(b. 1938)

xxi

Entries by Category

Cammermeyer, Margrethe (b. 1942)

Carpenter, Mary Elizabeth (Liz)

Sutherland (b. 1920)

Carson, Rachel Louise (1907–1964)

Catt, Carrie Clinton Lane Chap-

man (1859–1947)

Chavez, Linda (b. 1947)

Chavez-Thompson, Linda (b. 1944)

Child, Lydia Maria Francis

(1802–1880)

Clark, Septima Poinsette

(1898–1987)

Cleaver, Kathleen Neal (b. 1945)

Croly, Jane Cunningham

(1829–1901)

Davis, Angela Yvonne (b. 1944)

Day, Dorothy (1897–1980)

Decter, Midge Rosenthal (b. 1927)

Dennett, Mary Coffin Ware

(1872–1947)

Dix, Dorothea Lynde (1802–1887)

Douglass, Frederick (1817–1895)

Duniway, Abigail Jane Scott

(1834–1915)

Dworkin, Andrea (b. 1946)

Eastman, Crystal (1881–1928)

Edelman, Marian Wright (b. 1939)

Eisenhuth, Alming, Laura J. Kelly

(1858–1937)

Estrich, Susan (b. 1953)

Evers-Williams, Myrlie Louise

Beasley (b. 1933)

Farenthold, Frances (Sissy) Talton

(b. 1926)

Fauset, Crystal Dreda Bird

(1894–1965)

Fonda, Jane Seymour (b. 1937)

Friedan, Betty Naomi Goldstein

(b. 1921)

Fuller, Margaret (1810–1850)

Futrell, Mary Alice Franklin Hat-

wood (b. 1940)

Gage, Matilda Joslyn (1826–1898)

Gilman, Charlotte Perkins

(1860–1935)

Goldman, Emma (1869–1940)

Grimké, Angelina Emily

(1805–1879) and Sarah Moore

(1792–1873)

Guinier, Lani (b. 1950)

Hamer, Fannie Lou Townsend

(1917–1977)

Height, Dorothy Irene (b. 1912)

Hill, Anita Faye (b. 1956)

hooks, bell (b. 1952)

Howe, Julia Ward (1819–1910)

Huerta, Dolores (b. 1930)

Hurley, Ruby (1909–1980)

Hutchinson, Anne Marbury

(1591–1643)

Ireland, Patricia (b. 1945)

Kelley, Florence (1859–1932)

Kennedy, Florynce Rae (b. 1916)

King, Coretta Scott (b. 1927)

King, Mary (b. 1940)

Kissling, Frances (b. 1943)

Kuhn, Margaret (Maggie) E.

(1905–1995)

La Flesche, Susette (1854–1903)

Lampkin, Daisy Elizabeth Adams

(ca. 1884–1965)

Landes, Bertha Ethel Knight

(1868–1943)

Lease, Mary Elizabeth Clyens

(1850–1933)

Lockwood, Belva Ann Bennett Mc-

Nall (1830–1917)

Lyon, Phyllis (b. 1924)

MacKinnon, Catharine Alice (b.

1946)

Madar, Olga Marie (1916–1996)

Malcolm, Ellen Reighley (b. 1947)

Martin, Del (b. 1921)

Matalin, Mary Joe (b. 1953)

xxii Entries by Category

McCabe, Jewell Jackson (b. 1945)

McCormack, Ellen (b. 1926)

Millett, Katherine (Kate) Murray

(b. 1934)

Mott, Lucretia Coffin (1793–1880)

Murray, Pauli (1910–1985)

Natividad, Irene (b. 1948)

Nussbaum, Karen (b. 1950)

O’Hare, Kathleen Richards

(1876–1948)

Park, Maud Wood (1871–1955)

Parks, Rosa Louise McCauley (b.

1913)

Paul, Alice (1885–1977)

Quinton, Amelia Stone

(1833–1926)

Robinson, Ruby Doris Smith

(1941–1967)

Ruffin, Josephine St. Pierre

(1842–1924)

Sanger, Margaret Louise Higgins

(1879–1966)

Schlafly, Phyllis Stewart (b. 1924)

Shabazz, Hajj Bahiyah (Betty)

(1936–1997)

Shaw, Anna Howard (1847–1919)

Simmons, Althea T. L.

(1924–1990)

Smeal, Eleanor Cutri (b. 1939)

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady

(1815–1902)

Steinem, Gloria Marie (b. 1934)

Stewart, Maria W. (1803–1879)

Stone, Lucy (1818–1893)

Stowe, Harriet Elizabeth Beecher

(1811–1896)

Talbert, Mary Morris Burnett

(1866–1923)

Terrell, Mary Eliza Church

(1863–1954)

Truth, Sojourner (ca. 1797–1883)

Tubman, Harriet (ca. 1820–1913)

Wald, Lillian D. (1867–1940)

Wattleton, Alyce Faye (b. 1943)

Weddington, Sarah Ragle (b. 1945)

Wells-Barnett, Ida Bell

(1862–1931)

Willard, Frances Elizabeth Caro-

line (1839–1898)

Wollstonecraft, Mary (1759–1797)

Woodhull, Victoria Claflin

(1838–1927)

Wright, Frances (Fanny)

(1795–1852)

Administrative Appointments

Adams, Annette Abbott (Justice

Department)

Adkins, Bertha Sheppard (Health,

Education, and Welfare)

Anderson, Eugenie Moore (Am-

bassador)

Anderson, Mary (Women’s Bu-

reau)

Armstrong, Anne Legendre (Am-

bassador)

Baca, Pauline Celia (Polly) (Office

of Consumer Affairs; General

Services Administration)

Banuelos, Romana Acosta (Trea-

surer)

Bellamy, Carol (Peace Corps)

Bentley, Helen Delich (Federal

Maritime Commission)

Berry, Mary Frances (Commission

on Civil Rights)

Campbell, Bonnie Jean Pierce (Vi-

olence Against Women Office)

Clark Gray, Georgia Neese (Trea-

surer)

Costanza, Margaret (Midge)

(White House Public Liaison)

East, Catherine Shipe (Department

of Labor)

Entries by Category xxiii

Echaveste, Maria (Deputy White

House Chief of Staff)

Elders, Joycelyn (Surgeon General)

Harriman, Pamela Beryl Digby

Churchill Hayward (Ambas-

sador)

Hernandez, Aileen Clarke (Equal

Employment Opportunity

Commission)

Koontz, Elizabeth Duncan

(Women’s Bureau)

Lathrop, Julia (Children’s Bureau)

Lewis, Ann Frank (White House

Director of Communications;

Counselor to the President)

Louchheim, Kathleen (Katie)

Scofield (Ambassador)

Meissner, Doris Marie (Immigra-

tion and Naturalization Service)

Motley, Constance Baker (Federal

Judge)

Myers, Margaret Jane (Dee Dee)

(White House Press Secretary)

Ortega, Katherine Davalos (Trea-

surer)

Novello, Antonia Coello (Surgeon

General)

Peterson, Esther (Women’s Bureau)

Priest, Ivy Maude Baker (Treasurer)

Smith, Mary Louise (Commission

on Civil Rights)

Watson, Barbara Mae (State De-

partment)

Wexler, Anne Levy (White House

Public Liaison)

Widnall, Sheila Evans (Secretary of

the Air Force)

Willebrandt, Mabel Walker (De-

partment of Justice)

Agencies and Organizations

Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority

Alpha Suffrage Club

American Association of Univer-

sity Women

American Civil Liberties Union

American Life League, Inc.

American Woman Suffrage Associ-

ation

Association of Southern Women

for the Prevention of Lynching

Business and Professional

Women/USA

Catholics for a Free Choice

Center for the American Woman

and Politics

Children’s Bureau

Children’s Defense Fund

Christian Coalition

Citizens’ Advisory Council on the

Status of Women

Coalition for Women’s Appoint-

ments

Coalition of Labor Union Women

Colored Women’s League

Comisión Femenil Mexicana Na-

cional, Inc.

Commissions on the Status of

Women

Communist Party, USA

Concerned Women for America

Congressional Caucus for

Women’s Issues

Congressional Union

Council of Presidents

Daughters of Bilitis

Daughters of Liberty

Day Care Council of America

Delta Sigma Theta Sorority

Democratic Party, Women in the

Eagle Forum

EMILY’s List

Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission

xxiv Entries by Category

ERAmerica

Federal Women’s Program

Federally Employed Women

The Feminist Majority

Feminists for Life of America

General Federation of Women’s

Clubs

Glass Ceiling Commission

Green Party USA

Independent Women’s Forum

League of Women Voters

MANA, a National Latina Organi-

zation

Ms. Foundation for Women

Ms. Magazine

National Abortion and Reproduc-

tive Rights Action League

National Advisory Committee for

Women

National American Woman Suf-

frage Association

National Association for the Ad-

vancement of Colored People,

Women in the

National Association of Colored

Women

National Association of Commis-

sions for Women

National Coalition Against Do-

mestic Violence

National Coalition of 100 Black

Women

National Commission on the Ob-

servance of International

Women’s Year, 1975

National Committee on Pay Eq-

uity

National Committee to Defeat the

UnEqual Rights Amendment

National Consumers League

National Council of Jewish

Women

National Council of Negro Women

National Federation of Afro-

American Women

National Federation of Republican

Women

National Gender Balance Project

USA

National League of Republican

Colored Women

National Organization for Women

National Organization of Black

Elected Legislative Women

National Political Congress of

Black Women

National Right to Life Committee

National Welfare Rights Organiza-

tion

National Woman Suffrage Associa-

tion

National Woman’s Party

National Women’s Conference

Committee

National Women’s Political Caucus

New York Radical Women

9to5, National Association of

Working Women

Operation Rescue

Planned Parenthood Federation of

America

President’s Commission on the

Status of Women

President’s Interagency Council on

Women

President’s Task Force on Women’s

Rights and Responsibilities

Progressive Party, Women in the

Pro-Life Action League

Radicalesbians

Redstockings

Religious Coalition for Reproduc-

tive Choice

Entries by Category xxv

Republican Party, Women in the

Republicans for Choice

Spider Web

Stop ERA

Violence Against Women Office

WISH List

Woman’s Christian Temperance

Union

Woman’s National Loyal League

Woman’s Peace Party

Women Strike for Peace

Women Work! The National Net-

work for Women’s Employment

Women’s Bureau

Women’s Campaign Fund

Women’s Equity Action League

Women’s Health, Office of

Research on

Women’s International League for

Peace and Freedom

Women’s Joint Congressional

Committee

Women’s Policy, Inc.

Women’s Political Council

Women’s Political Union

Women’s Trade Union League

YWCA of the USA

Amendments, Laws, and Statutes

Bona Fide Occupational

Qualification

Cable Acts

Child Labor Amendment

Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII

Civil Rights Act of 1991

Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1988

Congressional Workplace Compli-

ance Act of 1995

Coverture

Economic Equity Act

Education Amendments of 1972,

Title IX

Equal Credit Opportunity Act of

1974

Equal Employment Opportunity

Act of 1972

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Equal Rights Amendment

Equal Rights Amendments, State

Executive Order 10980

Executive Order 11126

Executive Order 11246

Executive Order 11375

Family and Medical Leave Act of

1993

Fifteenth Amendment

Fourteenth Amendment

Freedom of Access to Clinic En-

trances Act of 1994

Married Women’s Property Acts

Nineteenth Amendment

Personal Responsibility and Work

Opportunity Reconciliation Act

of 1996

Pregnancy Discrimination Act of

1978

Sheppard-Towner Maternity and

Infancy Protection Act of 1921

Veterans Preference

Violence Against Women Act of

1994

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Women in Apprenticeship and

Nontraditional Occupations Act

of 1992

Women’s Educational Equity Act

of 1974

Women’s Health Equity Act

Cabinet Members and Years

They Served

Albright, Madeleine Jana Korbel,

1993–1997, 1997–

Alvarez, Aida, 1997–

xxvi Entries by Category

Barshefsky, Charlene, 1997–

Browner, Carol, 1993–

Dole, (Mary) Elizabeth Hanford,

1983–1987, 1989–1991

Franklin, Barbara Hackman,

1992–1993

Harris, Patricia Roberts,

1977–1979, 1979–1981

Heckler, Margaret Mary

O’Shaughnessy, 1983–1985

Herman, Alexis Margaret,

1997–

Hills, Carla Helen Anderson,

1975–1977, 1989–1993

Hobby, Oveta Culp, 1953–1955

Hufstedler, Shirley Ann Mount,

1979–1981

Kirkpatrick, Jeane Duane Jordan,

1981–1985

Kreps, Juanita Morris, 1977–1979

Martin, Judith Lynn Morley,

1991–1993

McLaughlin, Ann Dore Lauenstein,

1987–1989

O’Leary, Hazel Rollins, 1993–

1997

Perkins, Frances (Fanny) Corlie,

1933–1945

Reno, Janet, 1993–

Rivlin, Alice Mitchell, 1994–1996

Shalala, Donna Edna, 1993–

Tyson, Laura D’Andrea,

1995–1997

Yellen, Janet, 1997–

Court Cases

Adkins v. Children’s Hospital

(1923)

Akron v. Akron Center for

Reproductive Health (1983)

Bachur v. Democratic National

Committee (1987)

Beal v. Doe (1977)

Bellotti v. Baird (1976, 1979)

Bowe v. Colgate-Palmolive Com-

pany (1969)

Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)

Bradwell v. Illinois (1873)

Bray v. Alexandria Clinic (1993)

California Federal Savings and

Loan v. Guerra (1987)

Carey v. Population Services

International (1977)

Cleveland Board of Education v.

LaFleur (1974)

Clinton v. Jones (1997)

Colautti v. Franklin (1979)

Corning Glass Works v. Brennan

(1974)

County of Washington, Oregon v.

Gunther (1981)

Craig v. Boren (1976)

Diaz v. Pan American World

Airways, Inc. (1971)

Doe v. Bolton (1973)

Dothard v. Rawlinson (1977)

Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972)

Frontiero v. Richardson (1973)

Geduldig v. Aiello (1974)

General Electric v. Gilbert (1976)

Goesaert v. Cleary (1948)

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Grove City College v. Bell (1984)

H. L. v. Matheson (1984)

Harris v. Forklift Systems (1993)

Harris v. McRae (1980)

Hishon v. King and Spalding (1984)

Hodgson v. Minnesota (1990)

Hoyt v. Florida (1961)

Johnson v. Transportation Agency of

Santa Clara County (1987)

Kirchberg v. Feenstra (1981)

Maher v. Roe (1977)

McCarty v. McCarty (1980)

Entries by Category xxvii

Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson

(1986)

Minor v. Happersett (1875)

Mississippi University for Women v.

Hogan (1982)

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

Nashville Gas Co. v. Satty (1977)

NOW v. Scheidler (1994)

Ohio v. Akron Center (1990)

Orr v. Orr (1979)

Personnel Administrator of the

Commonwealth of Massachusetts

v. Feeney (1979)

Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corpo-

ration (1971)

Planned Parenthood Association of

Kansas City, Mo. v. Ashcroft

(1983)

Planned Parenthood of Central

Missouri v. Danforth (1976)

Planned Parenthood of Southeast-

ern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992)

Poelker v. Doe (1977)

Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins (1989)

Reed v. Reed (1971)

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Rust v. Sullivan (1991)

Taylor v. Louisiana (1975)

Thornburgh v. American College of

Obstetrics and Gynecology

(1986)

UAW v. Johnson Controls (1991)

United States v. Virginia (1996)

Webster v. Reproductive Health Ser-

vices (1989)

Weeks v. Southern Bell Telephone

and Telegraph Company (1969)

Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld (1975)

Williams v. Zbaraz (1980)

First Ladies and Years They Served

Adams, Abigail Smith, 1797–1801

Bush, Barbara Pierce, 1989–1993

Carter, Eleanor Rosalynn Smith,

1977–1981

Clinton, Hillary Diane Rodham,

1993–2001

Ford, Elizabeth Ann (Betty)

Bloomer, 1974–1977

Johnson, Claudia Alta (Lady Bird)

Taylor, 1963–1969

Nixon, Pat Ryan, 1969–1974

Onassis, Jacqueline Bouvier

Kennedy, 1961–1963

Reagan, Nancy Robins, 1981–1989

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1933–1945

Wilson, Edith Bolling Galt,

1915–1961

General

Cabinets, Women in Presidential

Congress, Women in

Juries, Women on

President and Vice President,

Women Candidates for

Public Offices, Women Elected to

State Legislatures, Women in

Governors and Years They Served

Collins, Martha Layne Hall

(D-KY), 1983–1987

Ferguson, Miriam Amanda

Wallace (D-TX), 1925–1927,

1933–1935

Finney, Joan (D-KS), 1991–1995

Grasso, Ella Rosa Giovanna

Oliva Tambussi (D-CT),

1975–1980

Hull, Jane Dee Bowersock (R-AZ),

1997–

Kunin, Madeleine May (D-VT),

1985–1991

Mofford, Rose Perica (D-AZ),

1988–1991

xxviii Entries by Category

Orr, Kay Avonne Stark (R-NE),

1987–1991

Ray, Dixy Lee (D-WA), 1977–1981

Richards, Ann Willis (D-TX),

1991–1995

Roberts, Barbara Hughey (D-OR),

1991–1995

Ross, Nellie Tayloe (D-WY),

1925–1927

Roy, Vesta M. (R-NH), 1982–1983

Shaheen, Jeanne (D-NH), 1997–

Wallace, Lurleen Burns (D-AL),

1967–1968

Whitman, Christine Todd (R-NJ),

1994–

Issues and Movements

Abolitionist Movement, Women in

the

Abortion

Affirmative Action

Antilynching Movement

Child Day Care

Child Support Enforcement

Civil Rights Movement, Women in

the

Consciousness Raising

Conservatism

Displaced Homemakers

Divorce Law Reform

Domestic Violence

Education, Women and

Employment Discrimination

The Feminine Mystique

Feminist Movement

Feminization of Poverty

Flint Auto Workers’ Strike

Gender Gap

Health Care, Women and

Lawrence Textile Mill Strike

Lesbian Rights

Liberalism

Military, Women in the

News Media,Women Politicians and

Pay Equity

Peace Movement

Pornography

Protective Legislation

Public Speaking

Quaker Women

Racial Discrimination

Rape

Reproductive Rights

RU-486 (Mifepristone)

Seneca Falls Convention

Separate Spheres

Sex Discrimination

Sexual Harassment

Shirtwaist Workers Strike

Social Security

Socialism

Stalking

Suffrage

Temperance Movement, Women

in the

Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire

Welfare

Women’s Liberation Movement

Year of the Woman

Political Party Leaders

Adkins, Bertha Sheppard (Repub-

lican National Committee)

Blair, Emily Newell (Democratic

National Committee)

Crisp, Mary Dent (Republican Na-

tional Committee)

Dewson, Mary (Molly) Williams

(Democratic National Commit-

tee)

Edwards, India Moffett (Demo-

cratic National Committee)

Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley (Commu-

nist Party)

Entries by Category xxix

Martin, Marion E. (Republican

National Committee)

Moskowitz, Belle Lindner

Israels (Democratic National

Committee)

Smith, Mary Louise (Republican

National Committee)

Upton, Harriet Taylor (Republican

National Committee)

Westwood, Frances Jean Miles

(Democratic National

Committee)

Willebrandt, Mabel Walker

(Republican National

Committee)

U.S. House Representatives

and Years They Served

Abzug, Bella Savitzky (D-NY),

1971–1977

Andrews, (Leslie) Elizabeth Bul-

lock (D-AL), 1972–1973

Ashbrook, (Emily) Jean Spencer

(R-OH), 1982–1983

Baker, Irene Bailey (R-TN),

1964–1965

Baldwin, Tammy (D-WI), 1999–

Bentley, Helen Delich (R-MD),

1985–1995

Berkley, Shelley (D-NV), 1999–

Biggert, Judith Borg (R-IL), 1999–

Blitch, Iris Faircloth (D-GA),

1955–1963

Boggs, Marie Corinne Morrison

Claiborne (Lindy) (D-LA),

1973–1991

Boland, Veronica Grace (D-PA),

1942–1943

Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham

(R-OH), 1940–1969

Bono, Mary Whitaker (R-CA),

1998–

Bosone, Reva Zilpha Beck (D-UT),

1949–1953

Boxer, Barbara Levy (D-CA),

1983–1993

Brown, Corrine (D-FL), 1993–

Buchanan, Vera Daerr (D-PA),

1951–1955

Burke, Perle Yvonne Watson

Brathwaite (D-CA), 1973–1979

Burton, Sala Galante (D-CA),

1983–1987

Byrne, Leslie Larkin (D-VA),

1993–1995

Byron, Beverly Barton Butcher (D-

MD), 1979–1993

Byron, Katharine Edgar (D-MD),

1941–1943

Cantwell, Maria (D-WA),

1993–1995

Capps, Lois (D-CA), 1998–

Carson, Julia May Porter (D-IN),

1997–

Chenoweth, Helen Palmer (R-ID),

1995–

Chisholm, Shirley Anita St. Hill

(D-NY), 1969–1983

Christian-Green, Donna (D-VI),

1997–

Church, Marguerite Stitt (R-IL),

1951–1963

Clarke, Marian Williams (R-NY),

1933–1935

Clayton, Eva McPherson (D-NC),

1992–

Collins, Barbara-Rose (D-MI),

1991–1997

Collins, Cardiss Hortense Robert-

son (D-IL), 1973–1997

Cubin, Barbara Lynn (R-WY),

1995–

Danner, Patsy Ann (D-MO), 1993–

DeGette, Diana (D-CO), 1997–

xxx Entries by Category