Орлова Г.Д. и др. Английский для бакалавров. Часть II

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12. В настоящее время многое можно осуществлять через Интернет, в том

числе проведение сделок.

IX. Think over the plan of the text ‘The Internet’. Write it down. Retell the text

according to your plan.

Text B. THE LANGUAGE OF COMPUTERS

Fifty years ago, people hadn’t even heard of computers, and today we cannot

imagine life without them.

Computer technology is the fastest-growing industry in the world. The first computer

was the size of a minibus and weighed a ton. Today, a chip the size of a pinhead can

do its job. And the revolution is still going on.

Very soon we’ll have computers that we’ll

wear on our wrists or even in our glasses and

earrings. Such wearable computers are being

developed in the USA.

Japan’s biggest mobile-phone company has

just released its cleverest product so far, the I-mode,

a mobile phone that allows you to surf the Internet

as well as make calls. People are already using the phone to check the news

headlines, follow the stock market and download the latest jokes. Soon they will be

able to buy cinema tickets and manage their bank accounts.

The next generation of computers will be able to talk and even think for

themselves. They will contain electronic “neural networks”. Of course, they’ll be still

a lot simpler than human brains, but it will be a great step forward. Such computers

will help to diagnose illnesses, find minerals, understand and control the world’s

money markets, identify criminals and control space travel.

Computer revolution is changing our life and our language, too. We are constantly

making up new words or giving new meanings to old ones. Most of computer terms

are born in Silicon Valley, the world’s top computer-science centre.

I. Read the text ‘The Language of Computers’ without a dictionary. Try to

understand it.

II. ARE YOU PART OF COMPUTER REVOLUTION?

Do the following tasks and find out.

A. Choose an answer – a) or b).

1. A mouse is

a) a small furry animal with a long tail;

b) a small box used to operate a computer.

2. To surf is

a) to ride on a board on the waves of the sea;

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b) to move around the Internet.

3. A bug is

a) a small insect;

b) an error in a computer programme.

4. A flame is

a) a red or yellow burning gas seen when something is on fire;

b) an unfriendly or rude e-mail.

5. To boot is

a) to kick;

b) to start a computer.

6. A geek [gi:k] is

a) someone who bites off the heads of alive chickens as part of a show;

b) a person who knows everything about computers.

B. Choose an answer – a), b) or c).

1. What do you use a modem for?

a) to print a document;

b) to play music on your computer;

c) to send messages along a telephone line.

2. What do you use when you want to look for sites on the world wide web?

a) a browser;

b) a CD ROM;

c) a printer.

3. What can you use the Internet for?

a) to delete a file from your computer;

b) to help you find information and communicate with people;

c) to make your computer work faster.

4. What do you use a scanner for?

a) to transfer photos and texts to your computer;

b) to find certain files on the Internet;

c) to clean your computer.

5. How much is a gigabyte?

a) 1,000 megabytes;

b) 100 megabytes;

c) 1000 bytes.

C. Match the words (or phrases) with the definitions.

1. chat room

2. e-commerce

3. joystick

4. cyberspace

5. desktop

6. multitasking

a) the ability of a computer to run several programmes at once;

b) the screen you see after you’ve switched your computer;

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c) an area on the Internet where people can communicate with each other in

“real time”;

d) the business of buying and selling goods and services on the Internet;

e) a stick which helps you move in computer games;

f) the imaginary place where electronic messages, information pictures, etc.

exist when they are sent from one computer to another.

D. True or False?

1. When you use the Internet, you need a computer, a radio and a phone line.

2. You can use the Internet to read newspapers and magazines.

3. You cannot use the Internet to play videogames.

4. The Internet can help you to do shopping.

5. You can use the Internet to “chat” with people and make new friends.

6. You need a CD to send e-mail.

7. Multimedia pages with pictures, music and video make downloading slow.

E. Do this puzzle and you’ll read the name of one of the most successful

computer companies.

1. This small box is used to operate a computer.

2. A document on your computer.

3. A device, which is used to transfer photos and texts to your computer.

4. To make a computer better or able to do more things.

5. This looks like a typewriter and has the keys you need to press.

6. It can be hard or floppy.

7. A device, which allows your computer to send messages along a telephone

line.

8. An unfriendly or rude e-mail.

9. To start a computer.

F. Complete the sentences by using the following words:

web, information, interactive, e-mail, on-screen, chat, PC, generation, video.

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INTERNET TV

Is it possible to have a TV set, a (1)_____ and the Internet all in one? With the

advent of Internet TV it has become a reality. Imagine watching a film on TV and

getting (2) _____ on the actors in the film at the same time! To enter (3) _____

addresses and write (4) _____ you use a remote control and an (5) _____ keyboard or

an optional wireless keyboard. By clicking a button, you can also read adverts, (6)

“_____” with a friend, plan your holiday and play your favourite (7) _____ games. In

the future you’ll be able to change the plot of the film you’re watching and meddle in

the private lives of the characters. The next (8) _____ of Internet TVs will also have a

smart card for shopping, banking and other (9) _____ activities.

III. Retell the text ‘The language of computers’ in English.

Text C. SOCIALIZING ON THE INTERNET

Over the past two decades, as the price of the computing has plunged, the

personal computer enabled people to be more productive and gain better access to

information. Now, as the price of communications falls, the PC makes it easier for

people to reach each other, too.

Electronic inboxes are flooded with e-mail. Electronic “chat” and community

participation are on the rise. Chat is a fascinating phenomenon. It takes place in

imaginary “rooms”, where like-minded people congregate.

Typically, people type messages back and forth; usually to correspondents

they’ve never met in person. Numerous people can communicate with each other

simultaneously, and there are no long-distance charges the way there would be with a

telephone. Compared to a telephone conversation, the technical quality of chat seems

low. But it’s a raging success despite its limitations because the human drive to

connect with other people is so strong.

Actually, the fact that people must type their messages – and can edit what they

say before firing back a reply – is an attraction of chat. A version that allowed voice

communication was a flop. Perhaps, people were intimidated when they had to speak

in a nice, intelligible fashion.

Chat rooms are filled with all kinds of people who

appreciate or need the convenience of socializing from

home – easily, safely, and without getting dressed up.

“We’ve had a breakdown of neighborhoods in many

societies, with everything becoming generic,” one student

of chat rooms told. “People are looking in cyberspace for

new avenues of self-expression.”

Although I don’t get to spend much time in chat

rooms, I know people who do. One is a friend who is

passionate about Beanie Babies – the craze for miniature

stuffed animals. She spends an amazing amount of time chatting about them and

trading them online.

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A Microsoft manager who designs tools for online socializing told she had

started researching chat rooms and soon found herself engrossed for two or three

hours a day – to her utter surprise. “You end up having very real relationships,” she

said.

Anonymity is allowed in most chat rooms. Some allow people to make up a new

name for themselves every time they visit, a practice which can lead to rude or

irresponsible behavior because there are few repercussions for antisocial activity.

When people must use a consistent name, even a fictitious one like “Sissy” or “Metal

X”, they build a reputation they protect with responsible behavior.

Chat and other forms of socialization on the Internet are bound to evolve. The

specialists are intrigued by efforts to create “virtual worlds”, imaginary spaces in

which participants choose a visual image to represent themselves. These “avatars”, as

they are called, sometimes resemble the person but frequently don’t. People can

approach each other and make conversation, or retreat to a corner to be alone or

eavesdrop.

(After Bill Gates)

=====================VOCABULARY====================

chat, v, n беседовать, беседа

decade, n десятилетие

drive, n стремление

edit, v редактировать

engross, v быть поглощенным

fire back, v отправить

flood, v наводнять

flop, n неудача

inbox, n почтовый ящик

online, adj в режиме реального времени

socialize, v общаться

======================================================

I. Read the text ‘Socializing on the Internet’ and find the English equivalents to

the following words and word combinations.

Получить доступ, облегчить, испытать подъем, единомышленники,

встречаться лично, отправить ответ, быть сильно увлеченным, удивительное

явление, по сравнению с чем-либо, стремление человека, быть наполненным

чем-либо, способы самовыражения.

II. Find in the text the information about chat rooms. Why do many people

appreciate them?

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III. Think over the questions you would like to ask Bill Gates. Write them

down. You may send your questions to Bill Gates by e-mail. The address is:

askbill@microsoft.com

IV. Make up the plan of the text. Retell the text according to your plan.

V. Read the following text and say what your opinion of the problem is.

Text D. THE PROS AND CONS OF THE INTERNET

The Internet is without doubt one of the most important inventions in history. It

was started in 1968 by the US government, but at first mainly scientists used it. Since

1990, when the World Wide Web was created, it has changed the world and its uses

are growing every day.

The main use of the Internet is to find information – for your study or job, or just

to find out more about your hobbies, sports or current events.

All of the latest information is available to you, in your home, at any hour of the

day and night. It’s much faster and easier to surf the net in search of information from

all over the world than to travel to libraries in dozens of countries.

You can also use the Internet to read newspapers and magazines, play games,

plan your holiday or buy from your favourite shop.

E-mail makes it possible to send electronic messages anywhere in the world in

seconds, and you can use the Internet to “chat” with people and make new friends.

However, the real world of the Internet may not be as perfect as it seems.

With so much information available, finding what you want can take you hours.

Multimedia web pages with photographs, music and video are attractive, but they

make downloading slow and boring. Besides, there is too much advertising instead of

real information.

As for Internet friendships, sitting at home in front of a computer making “chat

friends” is not the same as actually meeting people.

CONVERSATION

MOSCOW

=====================VOCABULARY=======================

arrival, n приезд

to arrive at приезжать на вокзал, в аэропорт и т.д.

to arrive in прибывать, приезжать в страну, город

to attract one’s attention привлекать внимание

to be situated on быть расположенным на

crowd, n толпа

immense, adj огромный

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magnificent, adj величественный, великолепный

to make an impression on производить впечатление на

places of interest достопримечательности

sights, n, pl достопримечательности

sightseeing, n осмотр достопримечательностей

to go sightseeing осматривать достопримечательности

surprise, n удивление, удивлять

tour, n путешествие, экскурсия

to make a tour of (some

place)

объехать, осмотреть

======================================================

A VISIT TO MOSCOW

Last summer Mr. Wilson, his wife and their daughter

Mary – tourists from England – arrived in Moscow. It was

their first visit to Russia and they wanted to see as much

as possible.

Their guide showed them a lot of places of interest so

that they could get a good idea of the Russian capital.

Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe, its total

area is about nine hundred square kilometers, and the

population of the city is over eight million.

The heart of Moscow is Red Square. It has more

historical associations than any other place in Moscow.

The Kremlin and St. Basil’s Cathedral are masterpieces of

ancient Russian architecture. The main Kremlin tower,

the Spasskaya Tower, has become the symbol of the country. On the territory of the

Kremlin the Wilsons saw old cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the Palace

of Congresses, the Tzar-Cannon and the Tzar-Bell, the biggest cannon and the bell in

the world. St. Basil’s Cathedral was built in the mid-16

century in memory of the

victory over Kazan. Ther’s a legend that Ivan the Terrible blinded the architects

Barma and Postnik, because he didn’t want them to create another masterpiece.

The Wilsons saw a lot of beautiful palaces, old mansions, cathedrals, churches

and monuments. They had a chance to visit any of more than 80 museums: the

Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the Tretyakov Gallery, the All-Russia Museum of

Folk Arts and the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art, Alexei Bakhrushin

Theatre Museum and Mikhail Glinka Museum of Musical Culture among them.

In the evening the Wilsons decided to go to the Bolshoi Opera House, though it

was very difficult to choose between a large number of popular theaters.

The Wilsons liked Moscow’s straight and broad streets and avenues. They

admired the centre of the city with its theatres, cinemas, museums, monuments, and

wonderful many-storied buildings. They were greatly impressed by the Kremlin, Red

Square, Novy Arbat, which is one of the busiest streets in Moscow.

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One day the Wilsons decided to see Moscow State University and the guide

suggested their going there by metro. They liked the idea and joined a stream of

people going downstairs into the metro. It seemed to them that nearly everyone in

Moscow was in a hurry. Very few were satisfied to stand still and let the magic

staircase carry them down to the platforms below. Most people went hurrying down

on the left side. On and on ran the train through the tunnel and at every station people

came in and out. The trip gave the Wilsons a good impression of Moscow’s immense

size.

When they came up into the daylight, they saw the magnificent building of the

University that is situated on the Vorobyovy Hills and from there they enjoyed a most

beautiful view of the whole city.

They went for a ride in the city. The size and the beauty of the capital made a

great impression on the family. They saw endless streams of busses, trolley busses

and cars in the streets, crowds of people walking along the pavements. They crossed

the city in different directions but to their great surprise they saw the same thing

everywhere: well-planned streets lined with trees, many-storied houses, big stores,

hotels and beautiful squares. They saw no contrasts between the central part of the

city and the suburbs.

The Wilsons went sightseeing every day of their stay in Moscow. And before

their tour came to an end they had seen and learned a lot of interesting things about

the capital and the country. They liked Moscow and Muscovites who are so

hospitable and friendly.

I. Read the text ‘A visit to Moscow’. Give synonyms to the following word

combinations:

1. journey out and home again during which several places are visited;

2. town or city where the government of the country is carried on;

3. wide street with buildings on one or both sides;

4. a building in which objects illustrating art, history, science, etc. are displayed;

5. building, column, statue, etc. serving to keep alive the memory of a person or

event;

6. effect produced on the mind or feelings;

7. a person employed to point out interesting sights on a journey or visit;

8. large number of people together, but without order or organization;

9. a way at the side of a street for people on foot.

II. Give English equivalents to the following Russian word combinations:

приехать в Россию, приехать в аэропорт, осматривать

достопримечательности, получить представление о чем-либо, величественные

многоэтажные здания, оживленные улицы, поток людей, огромный размер,

прекрасный вид, производить впечатление на кого-либо, идти по тротуару, в

разных направлениях, гостеприимные и дружелюбные люди.

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III. Match the parts of the sentences.

1. Last summer the Wilsons a) the centre of the city.

2. They visited many places of interest

and

b) nearly everyone in Moscow was

in a hurry.

3. The tourists admired c) visited Moscow for the first time.

4. It seemed to the Wilsons that d) are situated on the Vorobyovy

Hills.

5. Travelling by metro the Wilsons

were

e) every day of their stay in Moscow.

6. The magnificent buildings of

Moscow State University

f) got a good idea of the Russian

capital.

7. The Wilsons went sightseeing g) impressed by Moscow’s immense

size.

IV. Agree or disagree. Give your reasons.

1. It was the second time the Wilsons had visited Moscow.

2. They wanted to get a good idea of the Russian capital, so they visited as many

places of interest as possible.

3. There’s nothing surprising in the centre of Moscow.

4. In metro everybody was standing still while the magical staircase was

carrying them down.

5. The trip by tram demonstrated the Wilsons the immense size of Moscow.

6. The Wilsons were fond of Moscow and Muscovites.

V. Retell the text on the name of

a) Mr. Wilson;

b) Mrs. Wilson;

c) Mary Wilson;

d) the guide.

VI. Make sure you can translate the following text both ways: from Russian into

English and vice versa.

Москва – огромный город. В

нем живет более восьми

миллионов жителей. Деловая,

научная, техническая, культурная

деятельность города

универсальна. Сотни заводов,

фабрик, учреждений, научно-

исследовательских организаций.

Здесь производятся изящные

Moscow is a great city with the

population of more than eight million

people. Moscow is a centre of scientific,

business and cultural activities with

hundreds of plants, organizations and

research centres. Compact automobiles,

heavy trucks, electronic equipment,

refrigerators, textiles and many other

things are produced here. Moscow can

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легковые автомобили, тяжелые

грузовики, электронное

оборудование, холодильники,

текстильные изделия и многое

другое. Словом, Москва достойно

представляет технические и

производственные достижения

нашего времени.

Считается, что Москва –

самый читающий город мира: она

занимает первое место по

количеству библиотек и числу

читателей. Фонд московских

библиотек составляет сотни

миллионов томов.

Заглянем в один из этих

томов. В древности город

назывался «Москов». По-

старославянски «моск» означает

кремень, камень, а «ков» -

крепость, укрытие. Вполне

вероятно, что для людей,

основавших город, «Москов»

означало прочное как кремень

укрытие.

Первое упоминание о Москве

относится к 1147 году. Это было

небольшое поселение, обнесенное

деревянным частоколом. К концу

XV века Москва становится

столицей русского

централизованного государства.

Тогда она уже была окружена

каменными крепостными стенами.

Рядом примостились торговые

ряды, улицы и рыночные

площади. За ними поднялись валы

Китай-города, Белого города.

Крепло молодое государство,

росла его столица. Так выглядело

утро истории Москвы.

honourably represent the technological

progress of this century.

Moscow is considered to take the

first place among the world’s capitals in

the number of public libraries and

readers. Its libraries possess hundreds of

millions of volumes.

Let us open one of them. In ancient

times our capital was known as Moskov

(“Muscovy” according to the European

spelling). In old Slavic “mosk” means

“flint”, while “kov” (khov) means

“fortress”, “enclosure”. Most probably

the founders of the city named it Mockov

to denote a strong, reliable fortress.

Moscow was first mentioned in the

Chronicles for 1147. At that time it was a

small settlement enclosed by paling. By

the end of the 15th century Moscow had

become the capital of the Russian

centralized state, surrounded by high

stonewalls. Market squares, streets and

trading stalls were located nearby, outside

the walls. The fortifications of Kitai-

gorod, and Byely gorod rose beyond. The

young state flourished, its capital

expended. Such was the dawning of

Moscow.

VII. Find any proverb or saying concerning travelling, give its Russian

equivalent. Illustrate it.

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