Орлова Г.Д. и др. Английский для бакалавров. Часть II
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=====================VOCABULARY====================
fortress, n крепость
armour, n доспехи
weapons, n оружие
treasure, n богатство
prisoner, n заключенный
coins of realm государственные монеты
mint, v чеканить
store, v хранить
raven, n ворон
resident, n житель
peck, v клевать
a biscuit soaked in blood печенье, смоченное в крови
clip, v подрезать
reign, n правление
escort, v сопровождать
salute, v отдавать честь
XI. Fill in prepositions or adverbs.
1. The Tower of London was begun … William the Conqueror as a fortress and
palace.
2. … five hundred years coins … realm were minted .. the Tower and official
documents were stored … some … the castle buildings.
3. … it is busy … thousands … visitors.
4. The ravens are certainly … the most important residents … the Tower.
5. These days there are usually about six ravens hopping and pecking … the
Tower lawns … the daytime.
6. He feeds them … raw meat.
7. He takes them … into their cage.
8. The Tower … London is safe and secure … the night.
9. Every day … the Tower ends … the Ceremony … the Keys.
XII. Translate the following into English:
1. Тауэр был задуман Вильгельмом Завоевателем как крепость и дворец.
2. В Тауэре отливались государственные монеты, хранились доспехи и
оружие. Иногда важные преступники содержались здесь под стражей.
3. Сегодня здесь много туристов. В действительности сегодняшний Тауэр
выглядит скорее как традиционная английская деревня.
4. Наиболее важными обитателями Тауэра сегодня являются вороны.
Предание гласит, что, если вороны покинут Тауэр, он падет, и вместе с
ним падет Англия.
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5. Один из Йеменских стражников заботится о воронах. Он кормит их
сырым мясом, печеньем, смоченным в крови, фруктами и яйцами. На
ночь он помещает их в клетки и время от времени подрезает им крылья,
чтобы те не улетели.
6. Со времени правления Генриха VIII Тауэр охраняется Йеменскими
стражниками.
XIII. Read the text ‘St. Paul’s Cathedral’. Answer the questions that follow.
St. Paul's Cathedral is the work of the famous architect Sir Christopher Wren.
It is said to be one of the finest pieces of architecture in Europe. Work on Wren's
masterpiece began in 1675 after the Norman church, old St. Paul’s was destroyed in
the Great Fire in 1666. The building of St. Paul’s Cathedral went on for 35 years, and
Wren was an old man before it was finished. From far away you can see the huge
dome with a golden ball and cross on the top. The interior of the Cathedral is very
beautiful. It is full of monuments. The most important, perhaps, is the one dedicated
to the Duke of Wellington. After looking around you can climb 263 steps to the
Whispering Gallery, which runs round the dome. It is called so, because if someone
whispers close to the wall on one side, a person with his ear close to the wall on the
other side can hear what is said. But if you want to reach the foot of the ball, you
have to climb 637 steps.
As for Christopher Wren, who is now known as “the architect of London”, he
found his fame only after his death. He was buried in the Cathedral. Buried here are
Nelson, Wellington, and Sir Joshua Reynolds.
Questions to be answered:
1. What is the name of the architect who built St. Paul’s Cathedral?
2. How long did the building of the Cathedral go on?
3. What is the most important monument in the Cathedral?
4. What is the name of the famous Gallery in the Cathedral and why is it called
so?
5. Who is buried in the Cathedral?
XIV. Say in English. Consult the text ‘St. Paul’s Cathedral’ if necessary:
1) известный архитектор;
2) самое прекрасное произведение архитектуры;
3) шедевр;
4) старая церковь была разрушена;
5) великий Лондонский пожар;
6) строительство продолжалось 35 лет;
7) огромный купол;
8) золоченый шар;
9) подняться по ступеням;
10) располагаться вокруг купола;
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11) посвященный кому-л.;
12) шептать;
13) «галерея шепота»;
14) быть похороненным.
XV. Speak about St. Paul’s Cathedral. Use the key-words above.
XVI. Learn the following words and expressions. Make sure you can translate
them both from English into Russian and vice versa:
comparatively recent times относительно недавние времена
principal, a главный
private apartments частные апартаменты
a state room парадный зал
a staff room служебная комната
an office, n кабинет
entertain, v развлекать
a fully occupied полностью занятый
particular fascination особое очарование (прелесть)
weekly audience еженедельная аудиенция
a foreign ambassador иностранный посол
a high commissioner высокопоставленный
уполномоченный
a bishop, n епископ
a senior officer главнокомандующий, ответственное
лицо
armed services вооруженные силы
civil service государственная служба
a highlight самое важное
XVII. Read the text ‘Buckingham Palace’. Find the answers to the questions
below:
1. What is Buckingham Palace today?
2. How long has it served that function?
3. Where are the private apartments of the royal family?
4. How many people work there?
5. What visitors are received there by the Queen?
6. What is the highlight of royal entertaining?
BUCKINGHAM PALACE
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, which is today the official residence of the British
Monarchy, has served that function only since comparatively recent times. In the
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Middle Ages the principal London residence of the kings was the Palace of
Westminster, now rebuilt as the Houses of Parliament.
Today, the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh live in the private apartments on
the north side of the palace. In all, Buckingham Palace has 19 state rooms, 52 royal
and guest bedrooms, 182 staff rooms, 92 offices and 78 bathrooms. Some 450 people
work in the palace and 40,000 people are entertained there every year. Unlike many
other historical monuments, Buckingham Palace remains a fully occupied, working
royal palace and it gives it a particular fascination. The Queen, as head of state,
receives there a large number of formal and informal visitors, including the Prime
Minister at weekly audiences, foreign and British ambassadors and high commission-
ers, bishops, and senior officers of the armed services and the civil service.
The highlight of royal entertaining, however, is the state banquet, usually for
about 170 guests, given by the Queen on the first evening of a state visit of a foreign
head of state to the United Kingdom.
XVIII. Translate the following into English:
1. Букингемский дворец сегодня – это официальная резиденция
Британской монархии.
2. В средние века главной резиденцией королей был Вестминстерский
дворец, перестроенный ныне в здание парламента.
3. Частные апартаменты королевы и герцога Эдинбургского в настоящее
время находятся в северном крыле дворца.
4. В отличие от многих других исторических памятников, Букингемский
дворец задействован целиком и находится полностью в рабочем
состоянии. Это придает ему особенное обаяние.
5. Королева как глава государства принимает здесь огромное количество
официальных и неофициальных гостей, включая Премьер-министра,
британских и зарубежных послов.
6. Здесь королева дает банкеты в честь приезда в Великобританию глав
зарубежных государств.
D I A L O G U E S
I. Read the dialogues in pairs.
I
A. What’s Whitehall? Is it a building?
B. A building? But it isn’t. It’s a street.
A. Oh, really? What is it famous for?
B. It’s the street where all the government offices are.
A. By the way, what’s the beautiful building over there?
B. It’s the Houses of Parliament.
A. The houses? But there’s only one house there!
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B. Quite right. But it’s the Houses because the British Parliament has two
chambers – the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
II
A. Which are the most famous picture galleries in London?
B. Well, the National Gallery, to begin with; then comes the National Portrait
Gallery, then the Tate Gallery.
A. Yes, but what about the British Museum? I’ve heard a lot of it.
B. Oh surely, you ought to go there, but the British Museum is not a museum of
Fine Arts. In the first place it’s a museum of history, archaeology and
ethnography. It’s also one of the largest libraries in the world.
III
A. Why, it’s N
o
10 Downing Street!
B. Exactly so. Here the Prime Minister of Britain lives.
A. And where is the residence of the Queen?
B. The London residence of the British Kings and Queens is Buckingham
Palace. The Royal Standard flying over Buckingham Palace is the sign that
the Queen is in residence.
IV
A. What’s “Trooping the Colour”?
*
I often heard of it but I never know what it
means.
B. Every year the ceremony of Trooping the Colour is carried out in celebration
of the Queen’s birthday. It is performed by troops of Household Brigade in
full dress uniform. This event is perhaps the finest spectacle in London.
A. When and where is it held?
B. It’s held near St. James’ Park in June.
*
Trooping the colour – вынос знамени, торжественный развод караулов с
выносом знамени
II. Memorize the dialogues and reproduce them.
III. Make up your own dialogues on the situations that follow.
1. Imagine that you’ve just come home from London. Your relatives want to
know all about the capital of the United Kingdom. Give detailed answers to
their questions.
2. One of you is a guide. The others are tourists. Ask your guide about London.
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J U S T F O R F U N
I. Read the jokes and retell them to your friends.
* * *
“I am sorry about the way the pie tastes, darling. It must be something I left
out.”
“Nothing you left out could make it taste like that. It must be something you put
in.”
* * *
“Only cheese for lunch?”
“Yes, the cutlets caught fire and it spread to the apple tart so I had to take soup
to put it out.”
* * *
“What do you give your husband, when the dinner doesn’t suit him?”
“His coat and hat.”
* * *
Wife: “Have a look at the cake I decorated for my birthday party. Don’t you
think my sense of design is wonderful?”
Husband (counting the candles): “Yes, but your arithmetic is terrible.”
* * *
Husband (angrily): “What? No supper ready? This is the limit. I’m going to a
restaurant.”
Wife: “Wait just five minutes.”
Husband: “Will it be ready then?”
Wife: “No, but then I’ll go with you.”
* * *
Young husband: “This meat is not cooked, not in the pie.”
Young wife: “I did it like the cook-book said but as the recipe was for four
people and we are two, I took half of everything and cooked it for half the time it
said.”
II. Read the proverbs and sayings that follow. Use some of them in a dialogue
or a situation of your own.
Proverbs and Sayings
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1. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Яблоко в день - и никакой врач не
нужен.
2. A hungry belly has no ears. Голодное брюхо к ученью глухо.
3. I am as hungry as a hunter. Я голоден как волк.
4. Hunger is the best sauce. Голод – лучшая приправа.
5. Tastes differ. О вкусах не спорят.
6. Don’t live to eat, but eat to live. Не жить, чтобы есть, а есть, чтобы жить.
7. Appetite comes with eating. Аппетит приходит во время еды.
8. Eat at pleasure, drink with measure. Ешь вволю, (а) пей в меру.
9. Hunger breaks stone walls. Голод ломает и каменные стены; нужда всему
научит.
10. One man’s meat is another man’s poison. Что для одного еда, то для
другого яд.
11. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. Чтобы узнать, каков пудинг,
надо его отведать (все проверяется практикой).
12. Too many cooks spoil the broth. Слишком много поваров портят бульон
(У семи нянек дитя без глазу).
13. Who has never tasted bitter, knows not what is sweet. Кто никогда не
пробовал горького, не знает, что такое сладкое.
14. You can’t eat your cake and have it too. Нельзя съесть свой пирог и в то
же время сохранить его (нельзя делать взаимно исключающие вещи).
III. Learn the following idiomatic expressions. Use them in a natural context.
1. after meat mustard – после ужина горчица, слишком поздно
2. apple of discord – яблоко раздора
3. the apple of one’s eye – зеница ока
4. be meat and drink to smb. – доставлять огромное удовольствие кому-либо;
необходимо как воздух
5. bite off more than one can chew – откусить больше, чем можешь
проглотить; взяться за непосильное дело; переоценить свои силы
6. bread and butter (daily bread) – средства к существованию, хлеб
насущный
7. dog’s breakfast – беспорядок, неразбериха
8. (as) easy as pie (a piece of cake) – легче легкого, пустяковое дело, сущие
пустяки, пара пустяков, проще простого
9. eat like a bird – клевать как птичка, мало есть
10. eat like a horse/wolf – отличаться завидным, отменным аппетитом; есть
много и с жадностью
11. the food of the gods – пища богов, нектар
12. that’s another cup of tea – это совсем другое дело
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TEXTS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY READING
Text 1. MARIE CURIE AND THE DISCOVERY OF RADIUM
Marie Curie was born in Warsaw on 7 November, 1867. Her father was a
teacher of science and mathematics in a school in the town, and from him little Maria
Sklodowska - which was her Polish name - learned her first lessons in science.
Maria’s wish was to study at the Sorbonne in Paris, and after many years of waiting
she finally left her native land in 1891.
In Paris Maria began a course of hard study and simple living. She determined
to work for two Master’s degrees - one in Physics, the other in Mathematics. Thus
she had to work twice as hard as the ordinary student. Yet she had scarcely enough
money to live on. She lived in the poorest quarter of Paris. Night after night, after her
hard day's work at the University, she got to her poorly furnished room and worked at
her books steadily for hours. Sometimes she had no more than a bag of cherries.
Though she was often weak and ill, she worked in this way for four years. She had
chosen her course and nothing could turn her from it.
Among the many scientists Maria met and worked with in Paris was Pierre
Curie. Pierre Curie, born in 1859 in Paris, was the son of a doctor, and from early
childhood he had been fascinated by science.
At sixteen he was a Bachelor of Science, and he took his Master's degree in
Physics when he was eighteen. When he met Maria Sklodowska he was thirty-five
years old and was famous throughout Europe for his discoveries in magnetism. But in
spite of the honour he had brought to France by his discoveries, the French
Government could only give him a very little salary as a reward, and the University
of Paris refused him a laboratory of his own for his researches.
Pierre Curie and Maria Sklodowska, both of whom loved science more than
anything else, very soon became the closest friends. They worked together constantly
and discussed many problems of their researches. After little more than a year they
fell in love with each other, and in 1895 Maria Sklodowska became Mme. Curie.
Theirs was not only to be a very happy marriage but also one of the greatest scientific
partnerships.
Marie had been the greatest woman-scientist of her day but she was a mother
too, a very loving one. There were their two little girls, Irene and Eve.
By this time Mme. Curie had obtained her Master's degree in Physics and
Mathematics, and was busy with researches on steel. She now wished to obtain a
Doctor's degree. For this it was necessary to offer to the examiners a special study,
called a thesis.
For some time Pierre Curie had been interested in the work of a French scientist
named Becquerel. There is a rare metal called uranium which, as Becquerel
discovered, emits rays very much like X-rays. These rays made marks on a
photographic plate when it was wrapped in black paper. The Curies got interested in
these rays of uranium. What caused them? How strong were they? There were many
such questions that puzzled Marie Curie and her husband. Here, they decided, was
the very subject for Marie’s Doctor’s thesis.
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The research was carried out under great difficulty. Mme. Curie had to use an
old store-room at the University as her laboratory - she was refused a better room. It
was cold, there was no proper apparatus and very little space for research work. Soon
she discovered that the rays of uranium were like no other known rays.
Marie Curie wanted to find out if other chemical substances might emit similar
rays. So she began to examine every known chemical substance. Once after repeating
her experiments time after time she found that a mineral called pitchblende emitted
much more powerful rays than any she had already found.
Now, an element is a chemical substance which so far as is known cannot be
split up into other substances. As Mme. Curie had examined every known chemical
element and none of them had emitted such powerful rays as pitchblende she could
only decide that this mineral must contain some new element.
Scientists had declared that every element was already known to them. But all
Mme Curie’s experiments pointed out that it was not so. Pitchblende must contain
some new and unknown element. There was no other explanation for the powerful
rays which it emitted. At that moment Pierre Curie stopped his own investigations on
the physics of crystals and joined his wife in her effort to find those more active
unknown chemical elements.
Scientists call the property of giving out such rays “radioactivity”, and Mme.
Curie decided to call the new element “radium”, because it was more strongly
radioactive than any known metal.
In 1903 Marie and Pierre together with Henry Becquerel were awarded the
Nobel Prize in Physics.
In 1911 Marie received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. But the second prize went
to her alone for in 1906 Pierre had died tragically in a traffic accident.
Mme. Sklodowska-Curie, the leading woman-scientist, the greatest woman of
her generation, has become the first person to receive a Nobel Prize twice.
Marie lived to see her story repeated. Her daughter Irene grew into a woman
with the same interests as her mother’s and she was deeply interested in her mother's
work. From Marie she learned all about radiology and chose science for her career.
At twenty-nine she married Frederic Joliot, a brilliant scientist at the Institute of
Radium, which her parents had founded.
Together the Joliot-Curies carried on the research work that Irene's mother had
begun. In 1935 Irene and her husband won the Nobel Prize for their discovery of
artificial radioactivity.
So, Marie lived to see the completion of the great work, but she died on the eve
of the award.
Ronald Mackin
(from “A Course of English Study”)
I. Read the text ‘Marie Curie and the Discovery of Radium’. Choose a suitable
headline for each paragraph of the text from the list below.
1. Experiments with uranium.
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2. Marie lived to see the completion of her work on radioactivity.
3. The discovery of a new element.
4. Marie’s youth.
5. Student’s life in Paris.
6. Pierre Curie.
7. A very happy marriage.
8. Experiments with pitchblende.
II. Find in the text the verbs which can be used to describe the main events in
Marie’s life. Describe Marie Curie’s life.
III. Find the passages describing Pierre Curie’s scientific career and
Becquerel’s experiments. Translate them into Russian.
Text 2. IS IT POSSIBLE TO MAKE PREDICTIONS?
The problem of standing at the beginning of a milleninium and seeking to make
predictions about new developments in the technology with which systems engineers
will need to contend in the coming millennia is an exercise in utter foolishness; it
may be possible to make somewhat reasonable projections for ten or, with luck,
twenty-five years ... but certainly not a thousand.The premium in this latter case is on
adaptability. As Charles Darwin said, “It is not the strongest of the species that
survives, nor the most intelligent, but rather the one most adaptable to change."
The underlying truth of this observation can be seen simply by turning the hands
of the clock back a thousand years and asking if a well-educated individual at the turn
of the last millennium would have been likely to have had any inkling of the advent
of the printing press or the electronic digital computer. The notion that humans could
fly would then have still been nine centuries away, and traveling to the moon, while
exciting, would turn out to be left to the last sliver of the millennia ... as would most
of the other scientific and technological achievements profoundly affecting our lives
today. A brave forecast would probably have been far more concerned with the
mounting problems of pollution of roads from horses and donkeys, and of diseases
such as smallpox than it would have been with concern over trash mail on the Internet
and computer viruses disrupting the global banking system.
It does seem evident that many of the issues seriously affecting humankind as
we enter a new millennium are, at their root, systems engineering problems - often
having a remarkably high technology content but seldom having simple answers. A
listing of such challenges might include the provision of food throughout society, the
maintenance of a strong global economy, the elimination of crime, the modernization
of the transportation system, and the provision of energy, health care, security, and
education. Global leadership in the twenty-first century could well become the
province of systems engineers . . . if indeed they choose to accept the challenge.
( IEEE Aerospace & Electronic Systems Magazine, Jubilee Issue, October 2000 )
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