Орлова Г.Д. и др. Английский для бакалавров. Часть I

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261

Talking Business

"I should like to speak to Mr. Grey."

"Have you an appointment?"

"No. But here is my card."

"Good morning, Mr. Grey. What can 1 do for you?"

"I've got a proposal to make. I think you know our firm."

"Yes, I do, but I've never had the pleasure of doing any business with you."

"Our firm has a great distributing business with branches in several countries. We

suggest that you should act as our agents and handle our business in this country."

"What about the terms of payment and other conditions?"

"We propose to allow you 2.5% (two and a half per cent) commission on all business

transacted."

"I think it would suit us, but I've got to consult my partners first."

III

"We wish to inform you, Mr. Brown, that we are ready to give you technical

assistance in the construction of the project."

"I am glad to hear it. Let's discuss the terms in detail."

"We've reached agreement on the main points: the cost of equipment, the terms of

payment and the terms of delivery."

"Well, let's consider the matter settled."

"We have carefully studied your draft contract and we believe the terms could be

acceptable. Only we'd like to clear up some points."

"What particular points would you like to clear up?"

"The main point is the price of the equipment. It seems too high. Could you make it

lower?"

"My partners and I will look into the matter again and in a couple of days we'll be

ready to resume our discussions."

"You have received our claim, haven't you? You are responsible for the delay in

commissioning the plant."

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262

"I think I've got to give you some explanation. The matter is that you failed to deliver

the right material in time and that delayed us for several days, so we decline your

claim."

Vocabulary

card

do business with smb.

handle smb.'s business

terms of payment (delivery, etc.)

commission

draft contract (resolution, etc.)

claim

commission smth.

give an explanation to smb.

deliver smth.

delay smb. (smth.)

decline smb.'s claim (an invita

tion,

etc.)

зд. визитная карточка

иметь деловые отношения с кем-л.

вести чьи-л. дела

условия оплаты (доставки и т. п.)

комиссионное вознаграждение

проект контракта (резолюции и т. п.)

претензия

вводить что-л. в эксплуатацию

давать разъяснение кому-л.

доставлять что-л.

задерживать, мешать кому-л. сде

лать

что-л. вовремя; задер

живать,

откладывать, заменять что-л.

отклонять чью-

л. претензию

(приглашение т. п.)

J U S T F O R F U N

I. Read the following utterance. Express your opinion about it.

The secret of economy is to live as cheaply the first few days after pay-day as

you lived the last few days before.

II. Read and translate the following jokes. Choose the joke you like most and retell it

to your friend.

***

An economical housewife was told that by using a certain stove she would save

half the quantity of coal.

“ Oh, that’s very good,” she said, “I’ll have two and save the whole lot.”

***

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263

"Why have you written the word 'bank' in the middle of a sentence with a

capital 'B'?" asked the teacher.

"Because my pa said a bank was no good unless it had a large capital."

***

“I will save you $1,000," said an adventurer.

“You mean to give your daughter $10000 as a marriage portion”

"Yes, I do."

"Well, sir, I will take her with $9,000."

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264

Unit 10

G r a m m a r:

1. Sequence of Tenses

2. Direct and Indirect Speech

T e x t s:

A. Information Age: For and Against

B. Computer System

C. A message from the President

D. Hard Disk Troubles

E. The new way of looking at things: Multi Sync monitors

C o n v e r s a t i o n:

Let's dream of AI

Г р а м м а т и ч е с к и й м а т е р и а л

1. Sequence of Tenses

(Согласование времен)

Правило согласования времен заключается в зависимости времени

придаточного дополнительного предложения от времени главного. Если

сказуемое в главном предложении стоит в настоящем или будущем времени, в

придаточном предложении употребляется любое время, которое требуется по

смыслу, например:

I suppose he is there.

I suppose that you were present at

the last conference.

I suppose that you will be present at

the conference.

Я полагаю, что он там.

Я полагаю, что вы

присутствовали на прошлой

конференции.

Я полагаю, что вы будете

присутствовать на конференции.

Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в одной из

форм прошедшего времени, то сказуемое дополнительного придаточного

предложения должно быть выражено глаголом в одной из форм прошедшего

времени.

а) Если глагол придаточного предложения выражает действие (или

состояние), одновременное с действием глагола в главном предложении, то

глагол придаточного предложения ставится в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous.

На русский язык глагол придаточного предложения, передающий

одновременность действия, переводится глаголом в настоящем времени:

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265

Не said that he worked much.

Не said that he was working at his

design.

Он сказал, что много работает.

Он сказал, что работает над

своим проектом.

б) Если глагол придаточного предложения выражает действие, которое

предшествовало действию, выраженному глаголом главного предложения, то

глагол придаточного предложения употребляется в форме Past Perfect или Past

Perfect Continuous и переводится на русский язык глаголом в прошедшем

времени:

Не said that he had finished his

design.

Не said that he had been working

for more than an hour when we

arrived.

Он сказал, что (уже) закончил

свой проект.

Он сказал, что он уже работал

более часа, когда мы пришли.

Примечание.

Если время совершения действия придаточного предложения точно

определено (год, число, день, неделя), то глагол в придаточном предложении

может стоять и в Past Indefinite, например:

Не said he arrived at 7. Он сказал, что приехал в 7 часов.

в) Если глагол придаточного предложения выражает действие, будущее по

отношению к глаголу главного предложения, то он употребляется в одной из

форм Future-in-the-Past:

Не said he would translate the

article.

Не said he would be translating it

till 5 o'clock.

Не said he would have translated

this text by the end of the lesson.

Он сказал, что переведет статью.

Он сказал, что будет переводить

ее до 5 часов.

Он сказал, что переведет этот

текст к концу урока.

2. Direct and Indirect Speech

Прямая речь

Косвенная речь

Не says, "We are reading."

He said, "We are reading."

I said, "She will come at 5."

He says (that) they are reading.

He said (that) they were reading.

I said (that) she would come at 5.

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266

Запомните !

1) При переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную, соблюдаются все

правила последовательности времен.

2) При переводе прямой речи в косвенную глагол to say, имеющий при себе

дополнение с предлогом to, обычно заменяется глаголом to tell, за которым

всегда следует беспредложное дополнение:

She said to me, "I have finished my

work."

She told me she had finished her

work.

3) Если прямая речь представляет собой общий вопрос, то в косвенной

речи дополнительное придаточное предложение имеет прямой порядок слов и

вводится союзами whether или if:

Не asked me, "Do you know

English?"

She asked him, ''Are you busy?"

He asked me whether (if) 1 knew

English.

She asked him whether (if) he was

busy.

4) Если прямая речь представляет собой специальный вопрос, то в

косвенной речи дополнительное придаточное предложение имеет прямой

порядок слов и присоединяется к главному при помощи вопросительных слов,

которые становятся союзными словами:

Не asked, "Where do you live?"

She asked them, "What are you

doing?"

I asked him, "When will you go

there?"

He asked me where 1 lived.

She asked them what they were

doing.

I asked him when he would go

there.

Примечание.

В дополнительных придаточных предложениях, вводимых союзом when,

будущее время не заменяется настоящим, как в придаточных предложениях

условия и времени.

5) Если прямая речь представляет собой побудительное предложение, то в

косвенной речи глагол, стоявший в повелительном наклонении, употребляется в

форме инфинитива, причем приказание обычно выражается глаголами to tell, to

order, to offer, а просьба - глаголами to ask, to beg, to implore:

The teacher said to us, "Stop

writing!"

She said to Peter, "Take my book."

The teacher told us to stop writing.

She offered Peter to take her book.

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267

He said, "Give me this book,

please."

He asked me to give him that book.

Запомните !

Кроме изменения формы глагола, в придаточном предложении при

обращении прямой речи в косвенную происходит следующая замена

наречий места, времени и указательных местоимений:

Прямая речь Косвенная речь

now сейчас

here здесь

this, these это, этот, эти

today сегодня

tomorrow завтра

yesterday вчера

next week / year на следующей

неделе / на будущий год

last week на прошлой неделе

last year в прошлом году

then тогда

there там

that/those то, тот, те

that day в тот день

(the) next day, the following

day на следующий день

the day before, the previous day

накануне

the next week / year, the

following week / year на сле-

дующей неделе / в сле-

дующем году

the previous week за неделю

до

the year before за год до

E X E R C I S E S

I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the sequence of tenses.

1. He said that his friends lived near the railway station. 2. My friend said he

had a good dictionary. 3. They knew that the students were organizing a meeting. 4.

Our teacher said that the term "engineering" had many Russian equivalents. 5. The

teacher was glad that the students were listening to him so attentively. 6. He was told

that his friend was a good driver. 7. I thought you spoke Russian. 8. I knew he was a

historical person. 9. I thought the seafront was a long way from the hotel. 10. He said

the embankment was worth seeing. 11. I wasn't sure the book was worth reading. 12.

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The speaker said it was a historic discovery. 13. Did you say it was a historical novel ?

14. He asked where he could exchange dollars for the local currency. 15. He said the

matter was hardly worth troubling about. 16. The buyers found that the goods met all

their requirements. 17. They wrote that they required ten more machines.

1. I knew that the students had organized a meeting. 2. The students said they

had finished all their drawings. 3. He told us that all his drawings had been signed. 4.

The teacher wanted to know how many students had joined the English circle. 5. I

didn't know Mr Carter had taken over as finance manager. 6. He told us they'd had a

very useful exchange of opinions. 7. It was really surprising how the rate of exchange

had gone up.

1. Everybody knew that the project would require a great effort. 2. They wrote

that a new stock exchange would be established in the near future. *З. They said the

reconstruction would require more time and money if a few changes weren't made in

the project. 4. They wrote they would send another fax after they spoke to the

representative of the sellers. 5. He was sure the matter would be settled after we had

another discussion. 6. They told us they would let us know their decision as soon as

their finance director came back from his holiday. 7. They said they wouldn't be able

to give a definite answer till they received a telex from their partner.

*Note:

Согласование времен распространяется и на временное или условное

предложение, следующее за дополнительным придаточным.

Не said (that) he would phone us as

soon as he got to London.

She said she would visit us if she

had enough time.

Он сказал, что позвонит нам, как

только приедет в Лондон.

Она сказала, что навестит нас,

если у нее будет время.

II. Use the verb in brackets in the correct tense form.

1. I thought that you (to arrive) at some decision. 2. We didn’t remember that he

(to repeat) that speech from memory. 3. He believed that a fine memory (to be)

absolutely necessary for that post. 4. He promised that he (to give) a lecture in the near

future. 5. We know that you (to come) with excellent recommendations. 6. We agreed

that the goods (to be packed) in wooden boxes. 7. The director hoped the film (to be) a

success. 8. I wasn’t sure I (to get through – дозвониться) to them at once. 9. She

thought we (to wait) for her. 10. He said he always (to remember) his first day at the

University. 11. He told me that we (to install) a new computer of the latest model on

the following day. 12. I thought I (to achieve) good results if up-to-date techniques

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were used. 13. He said the purpose of his visit (to be) to talk about cultural exchanges

for the next few years. 14. They were told the experiment (to begin) if nothing

changed.

III. Translate into English.

1. Я думаю, что это хорошая идея. 2. Я подумал, что это хорошая идея. 3.

Мы знаем, что эти культурные связи все еще существуют. 4. Мы знали, что эти

культурные связи все еще существуют. 5. Они пишут, что поселились на берегу

моря. 6. Они написали, что поселились на берегу моря. 7. Мы знаем, что этот

форт все еще существует. 8. Мы знали, что этот форт все еще существует. 9. Он

говорит, что строительство потребует много денег? 10. Он сказал, что

строительство потребует много денег? 11. Он говорит, что это только

предварительное решение. 12. Он сказал, что это только предварительное

решение. 13. Он пишет, что у них уже были предварительные обсуждения. 14.

Он сказал, что у них уже были предварительные обсуждения. 15. Они пишут,

что сравнили результаты и обсудят их в ближайшем будущем. 16. Они написали,

что сравнили результаты и обсудят их в ближайшем будущем. 17. Он говорит,

что заменит сломанную деталь (part) новой. 18. Он сказал, что заменит

сломанную деталь новой. 19. Он надеется, что установит новый мировой рекорд.

20. Он надеялся, что установит новый мировой рекорд. 21. Он был уверен, что

они купят эту модель, если цена не будет очень высокой. 22. Он сказал, что мы

поговорим об этом, когда он вернется из отпуска.

IV. Give the appropriate forms of the verbs instead of the infinitives.

1. We know that you (to come) with excellent recommendations. 2. We are glad

to take this young specialist on as he (to have) some experience in lab techniques. 3. I

know this professor quite well, as he (to be) my scientific adviser. 4. Before Erik came

to the University, it never (to occur) to him to work in the field of nuclear physics. 5.

By the time Haviland arrived at the Foxes' Maxwell (to tell) Erik about Haviland's

work in England. 6. "When you arrive I (to take) the regular courses of classical

physics and quantum mechanics," said Erik. 7. By the end of the next semester he (to

take) his Ph. D. 8. Before Erik arrived at the Foxes' apartment, some members of the

staff (to discuss) the schedule of work for all the assistants.

1. My adviser (to give) me excellent advice and I am going to follow it. 2.

Yesterday he (to advise) me to meet the new members of the staff. 3. Last year he (to

be) responsible for my undergraduate teaching. 4. By the end of the previous term the

students (to master) the necessary lab techniques. 5. To-morrow Professor N. (to give)

us a lecture on quantum mechanics. 6. By the time we began to do research we (to

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270

master) lab techniques.

V. Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

1. He has just said, “I want to speak to you”. 2. She said, “I have been very ill,

but I am feeling much better”. 3. He said, “She is going abroad next month”. 4. Then

she added, “I have been waiting for you since two o’clock”. 5. He promised, “I’ll

come as soon as I can”. 6. She tried to explain, “I’m afraid I can’t go there now but I’ll

probably be able to go there tomorrow”. 7. He said, “We were just discussing the

terms of the agreement when the telephone call interrupted us”. 8. He went on

insisting, “The counterparts will agree to our new price if we send them a fax

immediately”.

1. He said, “The price must include the cost of packing”. 2. Everybody insisted,

“You ought to congratulate your uncle on this occasion”. 3. The coach said to me,

“You should wait until the weather changes”. 4. They asked me, “Could you take a

message?” 5. Then she added, “I would like to take part in the beauty contest”.

Note:

При обращении прямой речи в косвенную глагол в придаточных

дополнительных предложениях не изменяется:

а) если глагол главного предложения стоит в одном из настоящих или

будущих времен.

We have learned (that) they will come to Moscow soon.

b) если глагол в прямой речи стоит в Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous

или является одним из модальных глаголов: must, could, might, should, would.

Direct Speech

Reported Speech

"We had finished our work by six

o'clock."

"Could you come later?"

They informed their chief (that) they

had finished their work by six

o'clock.

She asked me if I could come later.

c) если в прямой речи указывается точное время совершения действия или

общеизвестный факт.

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