Нерсесянц В.С. (ред.) История политических и правовых учений

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, , ?

www.InetLib.Ru - !

 "", , , 

: 

,  "

  ,     ".   

 , , 

.

, .

. 

, , , 

   . ,     (),

 (),

      .   

        

) .

   ,    

, : 

,  .       

. 

         ,  

. , 

 "Habeas corpus act"    ,     , "  

",             

  .  

    ,   ,   

  .   , 

,  – 

, .

    .   

     ,   ,  

 "       

" (1785)  ,   ,     

.        

, ,  " "   " ,  

",   . 

    ,      .  –

,    ;  –   . 

     : " ,  , 

, ?" 

       ,    

    ,  ,   (  

).

.       

  ,    .  

, , , 

    .  ,   ,  

,  " ".    (),

,  ", , 

". , 

     "" .  

     ,  

. "

,     , ,    ,    

www.InetLib.Ru - !

, , 

".

    ,    "

":  ,    ,

  ,      

,    ,   , 

, "", .

     ,    – 

.       ,    

     ,     

   "  ",   , 

        ,  

.

         

. . 

, 

  "   ".     

, , 

)  

.  ,    ,  

 ,  ,     , 

 "" .

4. . . 

  XVIII .     ,  

  ,     .

       ;

  ,     



 .        

, 

, .

       , , 

  ( ,  II)    

        ,  

.



. . .

. .  (1740–1789)     . .  

, 

          .

      ,     .

  ,     

, . 

       ,    

.

, . 

    ,   

.         

www.InetLib.Ru - !

. , . , . , . .

        

 .       

 "",    .    

 (     ); –  

;  –" "  , , –

".       , 

       . 

 "  ,    , 

 "". ,

    ,    . ,   

 .   ,   . ,   

, .

,   ,     . 

 ",  " ",

, , 

 .    ,      

, .

         

.

 ".

 ,   ,    

  – ,   600–800 .   "...

, 

...   ,    ...   

    ".  " "  

.  "

, " . 

.

: , , ,

   ("")      .

, 

.       ,   

 , .   

.

    ""    "  

".

         

 .       

, , 

, .

         

     .  ,   

, 

.

     ,  

 ,     – ,  

: .

 ,     ,      

.   ,    

, .

,

www.InetLib.Ru - !

.

        ,   "

", 

".

     ,    

    .     , 

       ,   

,     

.

, , , 

.

. 

, , .

:

   ,      ,

    . .   

, 

       . "  

 "   , "     .

... , ...".

         : 

,  "" , 

.

       

.

       , ,  

       ,  

 .      , 

    .     

   "      

    .     , 

   . ",      

, ".

    ,    ,   .

, , .

       ,  .

 , –  , –     

".

       

   ,     

 . ,       "

. ",   "  ", 

, 

 1649 . .

         

 ",      

.

5. . . 

 XVIII . .

www.InetLib.Ru - !

         

. , , 

   .     

:     ,  

   , ,   

.

  . .      

.

   (1749–1802)     

 , .  

.          

 ,     .  

  ,      

, . 

, 

, 

  .          

  .      

".

 ""       

.

    , " 

".    . ,     ,

         .

,  , "...   ,  , 

".          .

. , 

". , 

,  ,    , 

.  – 

, , .

, 

       . 

 ,   ,    . 

     ,      

 .  ,  ,     

. 

, .



.       ,      .

 ,  ,    

. , "", 

 (. – . 3.),,

.

           

.

, , , 

, , ; 

    ,    (, ,

. .),  (, , ). , 

, .

         

www.InetLib.Ru - !

. "   ",       

, ,  ", ". .

. , , , 

,   ""   ""    .

      

   . "    , -

, – ". 

  " ",     ,   

. ,

. ", ,

      ,     ".   "" 

 I: ", ! 

".

   –     .

 – , , ". ,

,  ", 

",          

.      ,   .  

: ", ".

, 

  .    ,  

.

       ,

: "

". ", – .  "", – 

 ". ,  

.

     ,      

. , .

         

, .

,

 ": 1) , 2) , 3) , 4) , 

, 5)  6) ".

  ,    ,

 "     "    

,  "".

        , 

 .  ,        ,

, . , 

    .       ,

.

            

 , ,  "    

".    . "  

,     .       

".

        

        .  

  . .       

, 

  .       . 

www.InetLib.Ru - !

 "    "   ,   

    1917 .   ""  "    "

, 

.  I ,  1

          .  1802 . 

.

 12. 

 XVIII–XX .

1. . 

  (1737–1809)          

 .        

 .    " " (1791)

            "

".        ,  

. , 

, . 

 "" (1794– 1795). 

      .      

.

  " " ( 1776 .)    





 .     – '"  

        

". , 

       ,     

.        

   ,   ,     

   ,   "    

         ". 

       ,     

, .

 – 

 ,   . "   , 

 –  :    , 

   ,   – ,   ; 

 ,   ).   , 

. "

,         ,     – 

...       ,   

, ...".

         . ,  

            

  ,      ,  

. ,

,  – , 

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. , , , 

 . 

    :    .  

,  – . 

            

,  ,  ,      

, .

 –  "

 ".      . 

          

  –       .   

,  ""

(1791).

 ""  "

 ".     ( )

, ,

, . 

,         

 ,        ,

.

 ,          

 "  "  .     

.

2. . 

  (1743–1826),    , 

         

.         

 ("", 1785), 

  –    (1776).    

 ,       

        ,   

 .        

, .

         – 

        (1777), 

, , 

.  (

) , 

.

 " " (1774),

         , 

 ", 

 ". ,        "

"   "  ".    ,   

 "      ,   

  ,      ,

  ,    , , , 

".

www.InetLib.Ru - !

 "   "      

  .      ,    "

, ".

, ,

, , 

, . , 

 ", , , 

; 

. 

           

. , ".

    ,      

.

      ,   ,

  –  (

  ),  (  ),  

,     (  ,       

). 

 (, ,  ),   

  , ,    ,  ,

, 

, .

            

  ,      

.

3. . 

     (1757–1804)  

     ,    

        

.

      ,  

      ,     

.         

,              

, 

  .        

 " "       

 ,     –   ,

 ,     .    

       -

, ,  ,     

   (   )  , ,

  ,         

, , .

   .   ,     

        , 

      ,      

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.         

.  –     ,     

, .

 –      "",   

1787   1788 .    .

, 

   :  –   , .  –

, .  – .

          

     ,   

, . ,  23 "" 

        ,  

, 

.

,  78

".   ,  , ,  

         

. , 

.  ,  ,  ,   , 

,  .    ,  

, .

4. . 

        (1735–

1826),          ,

   

.       

  ,      

      , 

. , , ,

, 

.

.           

 .  "

" (, 1787–1788) 

       

, , ).       

 ("

").         

     –      

) ,  – .

    – , ,  –   

   .   –   , 

 :  ,   

   –      

.

       

    " "     ,  

          