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Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ TRACE MODE 6 ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

Ɍɟɯɧɨ ST. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ Ɍɟɯɧɨ LD, Ɍɟɯɧɨ SFC

ɢ Ɍɟɯɧɨ FBD, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ Ɍɟɯɧɨ ST. IL –

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ

ST, ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ –

ɜ ɚɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪ.

əɡɵɤ

ST (Structured Text) ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ

ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɧɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚ-

ɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ADA, PASCAL ɢ ɋ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ

ɝɢɛɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ; ɷɬɨɬ ɹɡɵɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɚɝɨɜ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɡɚɤɰɢɣ ɹɡɵɤɚ SFC, ɢ

ɤɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ «ɜɵɯɨɞɵ» ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ

ɟɝɨ

ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ.

əɡɵɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ IL (Instruction List) ɜ ɧɚɛɨɪɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɹɡɵ-

ɤɨɜ – ɷɬɨ ɭɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ

ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɧɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɭɸ-ɥɢɛɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɭɸ ɚɪɯɢ-

ɬɟɤɬɭɪɭ. ɍ ɹɡɵɤɚ IL ɟɫɬɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ: ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ

ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ.

əɡɵɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ (ɪɢɫ. 2.24) SFC

(Sequential Function Charts). Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ

ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬ-

ɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ

ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ Ʉ. ɉɟɬɪɢ, ɩɨɥɭ-

ɱɢɜɲɚɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ «ɫɟɬɟɣ ɉɟɬɪɢ» ɢɥɢ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ. Ɉɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɭ-

ɠɢɥɚ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɹɡɵɤɚ SFC ɤɚɤ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɝɨ

ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.24. ȼɢɞɟɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ SFC ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ

əɡɵɤ SFC ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɤɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ

ɱɟɪɟɞɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɧɵɯ ɲɚɝɨɜ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɡɚɤɰɢɣ (ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ),

ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨɣ ɢ

ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ. Ⱦɥɹ SFC-ɲɚɝɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɞɥɹ

SFC-ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ – ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɲɚɝɚɦɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɞɚɥɶ-

ɧɟɣɲɟɦ SFC-ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ SFC-ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ

ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɝɚ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ SFC-ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ,

ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɦ (ɬ. ɟ. ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ TRUE ɢɥɢ 1). ȼɢɞ

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ

ɜ SFC-ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2. 24.

ɋɬɪɨɝɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, SFC ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ

ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɉɈ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ: ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ-

ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ,

ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɭ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ

ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɢ

ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɦ, ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɚɜ-

ɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ – ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ

SFC-ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ SFC ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:

ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. əɡɵɤ SFC ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ,

ɱɬɨ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ, ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬ-

ɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ;

ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɧɟɦɨɧɢ-

ɤɟ SFC ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɢɦ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ.

ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ

ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ;

ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɉɈ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɹɡɵɤɚ

SFC ɧɚ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɉɈ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɧɹɬɶ

ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɦ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ

ɉɈ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɨɦ.

əɡɵɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ

FBD (Function Block Diagrams) ɩɨ-

ɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɭɸ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ

ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɢɤɨɜ (ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɬɪɢɝɨɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟ-

ɫɤɢɟ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ, ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɵ, ɛɥɨɤɢ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨ-

ɪɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɟɤɫɨɪɵ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.). ɗɬɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɢɧɤɚɩɫɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ

ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɫɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɸ

ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɭ.

ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ-

ɝɥɹɞɧɚɹ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ.

FBD-ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɭ (ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ) ɩɨɫɥɟ-

ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.25 ɩɨɤɚ-

ɡɚɧ ɜɢɞ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɜ FBD-ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɟ.

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ – ɷɬɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ

ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ

Ɍɟɯɧɨ FBD (FBD-ɛɥɨɤɚ) ɢɥɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ (ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ-

ɛɥɨɤɚ), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ. ȼ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ FBD-ɛɥɨɤɚ ɜɵɜɨ-

ɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ (

X + Y ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ).

ɂɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɢ ɫɥɟɜɚ (

ARG_000 ɢ ARG_001), ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɜɯɨɞɵ

ɛɥɨɤɚ (ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ). Ɉɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɛɟɡ

ɢɦɟɧɢ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɜɯɨɞ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɥɨɤɚ

(ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ – ɜɯɨɞ

RUN). Ȼɥɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ RUN=0 (ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ). Ɉɬɪɟɡɤɢ, ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɤ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ

ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɛɥɨɤɚ (ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɦɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ).

Ɋɢɫ. 2.25. ȼɢɞɟɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ FBD ɫɯɟɦ ɜ TRACE MODE

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ FBD-ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ ɧɭɠɧɨ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ:

ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ

ɩɨɥɟ FBD-ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ;

ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜ ɟɞɢɧɭɸ

ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ;

ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ;

ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɵ-ɜɵɯɨɞɵ FBD-ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɤ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ, ɩɟ-

ɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ;

ɫɤɨɦɩɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ.

əɡɵɤ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ

LD (Ladder

Diagrams) ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ

ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ-

ɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ «ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ» (contacts) ɢ «ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ»

(coils), ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.

ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ LD ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɞɚɧɶɸ

ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɦ: ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɚɡ-

ɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ. ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ, ɢɦɟɹ ɬɢɩɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨ-

ɝɨ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɨɬɥɚɠɟɧ-

ɧɨɣ ɝɨɞɚɦɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɡɟ.

LD-ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.26 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɜɢɞ ɩɪɨ-

ɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ LD-ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɟ.

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ – ɷɬɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ

ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ

Ɍɟɯɧɨ LD (LD-ɛɥɨɤɚ), ɮɭɧɤ-

ɰɢɢ (ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ-ɛɥɨɤɚ), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɢɥɢ FBD-ɛɥɨɤɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.26. ȼɢɞɟɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ LD ɫɯɟɦ ɜ TRACE

MODE

ɇɚɞ LD-ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɦɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ (v1, v2 ɧɚ

ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ). ȿɫɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɚ, ɧɚɞ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬ-

ɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟ-

ɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɷɬɢɦ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ (| | ɢ

() ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ). Ɉɬɪɟɡɨɤ

ɫɥɟɜɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɜɯɨɞ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ – ɜɵɯɨɞ. ȼɫɟ LD-ɛɥɨɤɢ

ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɯɨɞ (

in) ɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɵɯɨɞ (out). ɉɨɞ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ

ɧɨɦɟɪ ɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɜɨɟɬɨɱɢɹ, ɧɨɦɟɪ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ

(

0B:2 ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɜɵɲɟ). ɇɨɦɟɪɚ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢ

ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ; ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥ-

ɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ

ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ (ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦ-

ɦɵ). ɇɚ ɛɥɨɤɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɝɨ

ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ

ȼ; ɧɚ ɛɥɨɤɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞ-

ɧɢɦ, – ɫɢɦɜɨɥ

ȿ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ FBD-ɛɥɨɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɭɧɤ-

ɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ-ɛɥɨɤɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ LD-ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱ-

ɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɜ FBD-ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɟ.

ɒɢɧɵ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ.

Ɍɟɯɧɨ LD ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɲɢɧɵ (ɥɟɜɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɚɹ) ɢ ɜɫɩɨ-

ɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɲɢɧɵ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɲɢɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ LD-ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ; ɧɚ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɲɢɧɵ ɦɨ-

ɝɭɬ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɞɢɧ ɧɚɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ.

ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ-

ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɢ-

ɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ:

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ Ʉɨɦɩɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɦɟɧɸ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ

(ɢɥɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ F7, ɢɥɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɅɄ ɧɚ ɢɤɨɧɤɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭ-

ɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬɥɚɞɱɢɤɚ) – ɩɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɞ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪ

ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ, ɨɧ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ,

ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɰɢɹ

ɩɪɨɲɥɚ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ, ɨɤɧɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ;

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ – ɩɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ ɜ ɩɚɩɤɟ ɭɡɥɚ, ɫɨ-

ɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɥɚɞɨɱɧɵɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ

ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɤɨɞ. ɉɪɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ

ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ

ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ CALL ɫ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ

Program, ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ

ɧɚ ɜɵɡɨɜ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɵ

ɉɚ-

ɪɚɦɟɬɪ

, Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ CALL ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ-

ɡɭɸɬɫɹ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ CALL ɬɢɩɚ INPUT ɨɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ

ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ CALL

ɬɢɩɚ OUTPUT ɨɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ 1 ɜ ɟɝɨ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ

EXEC. ȼ ɱɚ-

ɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢɡ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ.

ȼɤɥɚɞɤɚ «ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨ-

ɝɪɚɦɦɵ».

ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ

(ɪɢɫ. 2.27) ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚ-

ɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.

ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɨɤɧɨ, ɧɭɠɧɨ

ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɅɄ ɧɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɬɨɪɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ.

ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ

ɫɟɛɹ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧ-

ɬɵ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ

ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɅɄ

ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɚɜɬɨ-

ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-

ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ

ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɟ ɤɨɦɩɨ-

Ɋɢɫ. 2.27. ȼɢɞɟɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɨɤɧɚ

ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɨɜɳɢɤɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ

ɨɝ

ɚɦɦɵ ɜ TRAC

ɧɟɧɬ (ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ) ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɞɟɪɟɜɭ. Ɉɤɧɨ

ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ:

– ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.,

ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ;

– ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɥɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧ-

ɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.

ȼɵɛɨɪ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. əɡɵɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨ-

ɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɡɚɞɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ-ɛɥɨɤɚ,

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɲɚɝɚ SFC. əɡɵɤ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɹɜ-

ɥɹɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɅɄ ɧɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨ-

ɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ (ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧ ɧɟɡɚ-

ɜɢɫɢɦɨ) ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ

ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ

(ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ) ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɟ.

ɂɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɹɡɵɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɥɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ

(ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ). Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɅɄ ɧɚ ɢɤɨɧɤɟ

ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭ-

ɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɹɡɵɤɚ

ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ.

Ɉɬɥɚɞɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɣ)

ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɲɚɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥ-

ɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɩɭɫ-

ɤɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɦɟɧɸ

ɉɪɨ-

ɝɪɚɦɦɚ

ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ ɢɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ

ɨɬɥɚɞɱɢɤɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɥɚɞɱɢɤɚ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ

ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɤɧɚ. ȼ ɥɢɫɬɢɧɝɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɬɨɱɤɚ

ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɤɨɦ

, ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ – ɡɧɚɱɤɨɦ . ɉɪɢ ɩɨɲɚɝɨ-

ɜɨɣ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɲɚɝ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɤɨɦ

. ȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ, ɡɚ-

ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ, ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɲɚɝ ɢ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ

ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ (ɪɢɫ. 2.28, 2.29).

Ɋɢɫ. 2. 28. ȼɢɞɟɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɨɤɧɚ ɨɬɥɚɞɱɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɜ TRACE MODE

Ɋɢɫ. 2.29. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ FBD ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ

Ɇɟɧɸ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ ɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬɥɚɞ-

ɱɢɤɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɨɬ-

ɥɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ:

Ʉɨɦɩɢɥɹɰɢɹ (F7) – ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ;

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ/ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ (F9) – ɭɫɬɚɧɨ-

ɜɢɬɶ/ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ;

ɍɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ (Ctrl+Shift+F9) – ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ

ɬɨɱɤɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ;

ɍɞɚɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɚ – ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɢɞɚ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ: ɥɨɤɚɥɶ-

ɧɚɹ

(ɨɬɠɚɬɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ) ɢɥɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɚɹ (ɧɚɠɚɬɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ);

ɋɬɚɪɬ (F5) – ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦ

ɪɟɠɢɦɟ;

ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ (Ctrl+F10) – ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɞɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ;

Ɍɪɚɫɫɢɪɨɜɤɚ (F11) – ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɲɚɝɨɜɨɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨ-

ɝɪɚɦɦɵ c ɩɨɲɚɝɨɜɵɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ;

ɒɚɝ (F10) – ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɲɚɝɨɜɨɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ;

ȼɵɣɬɢ ɢɡ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ (Shift+F11) – ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɬɟɤɭɳɭɸ ɮɭɧɤ-

ɰɢɸ/ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ (ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ);

ɋɬɨɩ (Shift+F5) – ɜɵɣɬɢ ɢɡ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ;

ɉɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ (Shift+F9) – ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɞɢɚ-

ɥɨɝ

Ȼɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ (ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ);

ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ – ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ/ɡɚɤɪɵɬɶ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ;

ɋɬɟɤ – ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ/ɡɚɤɪɵɬɶ ɨɤɧɨ ɫɬɟɤɚ ɜɵɡɨɜɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ;

ɋɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ – ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ/ɡɚɤɪɵɬɶ ɨɤɧɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɢ

ɨɬɥɚɞɱɢɤɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.30. ȼɢɞɟɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɨɤɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɭɞɚɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ

ɜ TRACE MODE

ɍɞɚɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɚ. ɉɪɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɟ ɂɋ ɡɚɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɬ

ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɭ ɭɡɥɚ (ɪɢɫ.

2.30), ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸ-

ɬɟɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɟ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɥɚɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɶ-

ɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ

ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɟ:

Ɉɤɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ. Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ

ɜɢɞɟ ɜɤɥɚɞɨɤ 5 ɨɤɨɧ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ

(ɪɢɫ. 2.31). ȼ ɨɤɧɟ

Ʌɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-

ɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɟ, – ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

var_002).

Ɋɢɫ. 2.31. ȼɢɞɟɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɨɤɧɚ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ TRACE MODE

ȼ ɨɤɧɚɯ Ⱥɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ, Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ Ɍɟɤɭɳɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɬɨ-

ɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟ-

ɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɲɚɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɨɤɧɚɯ

Ʌɨɤɚɥɶ-

ɧɵɟ

ɢ Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ (ɞɥɹ

ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɅɄ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

ɢɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ

ɂɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ

ɦɟɧɸ ɨɤɧɚ

Ⱥɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ

ɢ ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ.

ȼ ɨɤɧɟ

ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɞɚɧ-

ɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ. ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɨɧɨ ɩɭɫɬɨɟ. ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ

ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ

Ȼɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɩɪɨ-

ɫɦɨɬɪ

. Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ

ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɉɄ ɜ ɨɛ-

ɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɤɧɚ. Ɇɟɧɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ:

ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ – ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ;

ɍɞɚɥɢɬɶ – ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɢɡ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ;

ɉɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɬɶ – ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ.

Ɍɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ FBD

ɢ LD (ɪɢɫ. 2.32, 2.33).

Ɋɢɫ. 2.32. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ FBD-ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ

ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ

Ɋɢɫ. 2.33. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ LD-ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ

Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝ «Ȼɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ». Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ

ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ

ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ-

ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ

ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ

ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ

ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ

ɢɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ

ɉɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɧɸ ɉɪɨ-

ɝɪɚɦɦɚ

(ɩɪɢ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɟ ɜ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧ). ȼ ɩɨɥɟ ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ

ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɪɚ-

ɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ

Ɉɛɧɨɜɢɬɶ, ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ

ɢɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɨ

ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ – ɤɧɨɩɤɭ Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ (ɪɢɫ. 2.34).

Ɋɢɫ. 2.34. ȼɢɞɟɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɨɤɧɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɨɜɳɢɤɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧ-

ɧɵɯ ɜ TRACE MODE