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101

ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɜ Matlab ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɢɩɵ Ɉɋ:

DOS;

Windows;

Unix.

Ⱥ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ:

Perl;

x Java.

3.9.2. ˀ̛̖̙̥ ̨̛̼̪̣̦̖̦̏́ ̡̨̥̦̌̔ Windows

Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ Matlab ɦɨɠɧɨ

ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɣ system. ɗɬɚ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ

ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɢɡ Matlab. Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ

ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ:

system(‘command_name’). Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɩɨɩɪɨɛɭ-

ɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ ipconfig ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ Matlab. Ʉɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ-

ɬɚɬ – ɨɲɢɛɤɚ! ɗɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ Matlab ɧɟ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧ-

ɞɵ. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ – ɤɨ-

ɦɚɧɞɵ system.

system(‘ipconfig’). ɇɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ

ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɡɧɚɤɚ «!». ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ

ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:

!ipconfig. Ɉɱɟ-

ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɟɧ, ɜ ɱɺɦ ɠɟ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ? ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ-

ɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɠ-

ɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜ

ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɟ, ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ Windows. Ⱦɥɹ

ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ «&» ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɤɨ-

ɦɚɧɞɵ ɜ

ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ: !ipconfig&.

ȼ ɱɺɦ ɠɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ system? ȼɩɨɥɧɟ

ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ-

ɦɢɫɬ ɧɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɵ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ. Ⱦɥɹ

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ (ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ Matlab) ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨ-

ɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɩɟ-

ɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ

ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ

system, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ. Ⱦɥɹ

ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ Matlab ɫɥɟɞɭɸ-

ɳɢɣ ɫɤɪɢɩɬ:

[index, result] = system(‘ipconfig’);. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ

ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɨɜɳɢɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ Matlab, ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɞɜɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧ-

ɧɵɟ: ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ,

ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚ-

ɬɚ – result ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɢɩ char ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɪɟ-

ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ipconfig ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ Matlab.

102

3.9.3. ˀ̛̖̙̥ ̨̛̼̪̣̦̖̦̏́ ̡̨̥̦̌̔ Unix

ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɦ ɜ Ɉɋ Windows, ɩɪɨɬɟɫ-

ɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ Unix ɦɵ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɠɟɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ

ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɤɪɢɩɬ:

[s,w] = unix('why')

s = 1

w =

why: Command not found.

Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ s ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟ-

ɧɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ, ɜ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ w ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ.

3.9.4. ˀ̛̖̙̥ ̶̛̛̥̱̣̾́ ̡̨̥̦̌̔ DOS

Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɷɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ DOS, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ

ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ DOS. Ɏɨɪ-

ɦɚɬ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ:

dos(‘edit’). ɂɫɩɨɥɧɢɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɤɪɢɩɬ, ɜɵ ɫɦɨ-

ɠɟɬɟ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɥɫɹ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ DOS-ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ. ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ

ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ m-ɮɚɣɥɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ

DOS ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɟɳɺ ɨɞɧɚ ɯɢɬɪɨɫɬɶ. ȼ Matlab ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɫɟ-

ɚɧɫ DOS ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ Matlab. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ

ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ

dos command. ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦɢ

DOS, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ, ɩɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ, ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɣ exit ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɶ ɫɟɚɧɫ.

3.10. ˀ̨̯̌̍̌ ̭ ̨̯̜̥̖̬̥̌ ̏ Matlab

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɢ

ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɟ

ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ-

ɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫ Matlab ɷɬɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ. Ʉɚɤ ɢ Ƚɗ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ

ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ

ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦɢ set ɢ get.

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ

. ɋɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ

ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ:

T = timer(`PropertyName1', PropertyValue1, 'Prop-

ertyName2', PropertyValue2,...).

ɇɚɛɨɪ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 3.2.

103

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.2

ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ

ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ

ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ

Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

Name ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ string

Period

Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ

TimerFcn

double > 0.001 s

Running ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ‘off’, ‘on’

StartDelay

Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɚɪɬɨɦ ɬɚɣ-

ɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ

TimerFcn

double >= 0

StartFcn

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɫɪɚɡɭ

ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɬɚɪɬɚ

String, Function handle,

cell

StopFcn

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɩɪɢ

ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ

String, Function handle,

cell

ErrorFcn

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɩɪɢ

ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ StopFcn.

String, Function handle,

cell

Tag Ɇɟɬɤɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ string

TimerFcn Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɚɹ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦ String, Function handle, cell

Execu-

tionMode

Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦ

ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ:

'singleShot' 'fixedSpacing'

'fixedDelay' 'fixedRate'

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨ-

ɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ

ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ.

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ:

t = timer('TimerFcn', @r,'StartDelay', .1, 'stopfcn', @f2,

'tag', 'timer')

, ɝɞɟ t – ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ handle ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ.

ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɭ 0,1 ɫ, ɡɚɬɟɦ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ @r, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ @f2. ɇɚɣɬɢ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨ

ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɭ tag, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɦɟɬɤɚ ‘timer’.

Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ

start(t). Ⱦɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɨɫɬɚ-

ɧɨɜ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ

stop(t). ɑɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ

ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɪɚɧɟɟ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧ-

ɞɭ

timerfind. ɍɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ

delete. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɣ set, ɜɡɹɬɶ

ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ running, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ

get.

ɂɡ ɬɚɛɥ. 3.2 ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶ-

ɤɢɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ (ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ Execution Mode). Ɋɟɠɢɦ singleShot ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɜɵ-

ɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɟɞɢɧɨɠɞɵ, ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ – ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɜɪɟ-

ɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɪɢɫ. 3.18, 3.19).

104

Ɋɢɫ. 3.18. Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ singleShot (ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ)

ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ, ɩɨ ɢɫɬɟɱɟ-

ɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ start delay ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ timer fcn, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ

ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɞɚɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ

ɉɄ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɟɳɺ ɪɚɡ ɤɨɦɚɧ-

ɞɨɣ start (timer).

ȼɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ, ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ

ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ 3 ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɢɯ ɧɚ

ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ

ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ 3.19.

Ɋɢɫ. 3.19. Ɋɟɠɢɦɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ

(ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ)

ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɬɪɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɚ: ɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɨɣ ɤ ɜɪɟ-

ɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɦ (ɧɨɜɵɣ ɨɬɫɱɺɬ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ

105

ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ), ɫ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ (ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɬɚɣɦɟ-

ɪɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɱɺɬɭ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ) ɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɨɬɫɥɟ-

ɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ.

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɡɚ

ɫɱɺɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ

tic [time input clock] ɢ toc

[time output clock]. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɤɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ.

% ɫɤɪɢɩɬ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ

tic;

% ɬɟɥɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɹɞɪɨ)

v = toc;

s = [int2str(floor(v/3600)), ':',int2str(floor(v/60)), ':', int2str(floor(mod(v,60)))];

ȼ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ s ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ-ɨɬɱɺɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ char.

3.11. ˃̨̛̛̖̭̯̬̦̖̏̌ ̨̨̨̥̙̦̭̯̖̜̏̚ Matlab ̨̪ ̸̨̨̛̯̦̭̯

̨̛̼̪̣̦̖̦̏́ ̸̌̔̌̚ ̨̪ ̯̜̥̖̬̱̌

Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬ-

ɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ Matlab ɷɬɨɬ

ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɫɤɪɢɩɬ ɢɥɢ

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ; ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɢ

ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɭ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɮɭɧɤ-

ɰɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɫɤɪɢɩɬ.

Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ

ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɛɭɞɟɦ

ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦ ɜ Oɋ Windows XP, ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ Matlab,

ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ 3.20.

ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ:

ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ timer ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ

ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ;

ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ timer ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ

ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ;

ɜɵɜɨɞ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ.

ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ Matlab ɩɨ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɚ-

ɰɢɢ ɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦ ɜ Ɉɋ Windows XP, ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨ-

ɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ, ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɢ ɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ-

ɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɦ 100 ɦɫ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɧɟɦɭ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 18 ɦɫ

(6 ɦɫ – 18 ɦɫ) ɧɚ ɰɢɤɥ. Ɉɩɵɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥ ɢɡ 10 ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ 10 ɪɚɡ.

Ɋɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɩɵɬɚɦɢ ±6 ɦɫ. Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɬɚɣɦɢɧɝɚ –

«singleShot».

106

Ɋɢɫ. 3.20. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ

timer Matlab ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦ Ɉɋ Windows

Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ fixed

Rate ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɦ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɫɥɨ-

ɜɢɹ ɠɟɫɬɱɟ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɵ ɢɫ-

ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɝɨ,

ɱɬɨ ɨɬɧɢɦɚɥɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɚ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɜ

ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɷɬɢ ɨɩɟ-

ɪɚɰɢɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɬɹ-

ɠɺɥɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ.

107

3.12. ʦ̨̛̱̣̦̖̌̽̚, ̸̨̨̣̦̍-̨̨̨̛̛̬̖̦̯̬̦̦̖̏̌ ̨̡̨̛̛̪̬̖̯̬̦̖̏̌

̏ Simulink

Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ Simulink – ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ

ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ

ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɺɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɟɥɨ ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢ-

ɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ. ɋɬɨɢɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɪɨ-

ɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Simulink – ɷɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚɤɟɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢ-

ɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ Matlab. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɤɚɤ ɢ Matlab, Simulink ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢ-

ɜɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɸ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɫ Matlab. ɉɨɞ-

ɞɟɪɠɤɚ Simulink ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɺɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ

ɛɟɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ

ɛɥɨɤɨɜ Simulink, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɪɭɞɚ.

3.12.1. ʰ̶̛̦̯̖̬̐̌́ ̡̪̖̯̌̌ Simulink c ̨̛̭̭̯̖̥̜ Matlab

ɍɝɥɭɛɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ Simulink

ɦɵ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɦ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɨɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɭɠɟ

ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ Simulink. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ

ɨɩɢɲɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɫɪɟɞɵ.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɢɧɫɬɚɥɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ Simulink (ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ Matlab

ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬ), Simulink ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɤɟɬ Matlab. ɗɬɨ

ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɤɚ ɜ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧ-

ɬɨɜ

Matlab, ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ « ? ».

ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɫɪɟɞɵ Simulink ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.21.

ȼɢɞɟɨɝɪɚɦɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.21, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ

ɬɪɺɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɤɨɧ Simulink:

Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɫɥɟɜɚ);

Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɫɩɪɚɜɚ, ɜɟɪɯ);

Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ (ɫɩɪɚɜɚ, ɧɢɡ).

Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɺɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ

ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ:

Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ Simulink;

Ȼɥɨɤɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ;

Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɚ (ɪɢɫ. 3.22)

108

Ɋɢɫ. 3.21. ȼɢɞɟɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ

ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ Simulink

Ɋɢɫ. 3.22. ȼɢɞɟɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɨɜɳɢɤɚ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ Simulink

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ S-functions ɜɵ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ

ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.

109

3.12.2. ˃̵̨̨̛̛̖̦̣̐ ̨̡̨̛̛̪̬̖̯̬̦̏̌́ ̏ ̭̬̖̖̔ Simulink

Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɦɵ ɭɠɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ Matlab ɢ Simulink – ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɦɵɟ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɗɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ

ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɧɟ-

ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɯ Simulink.

ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ.

ɗɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɩɟɪɟɬɚɳɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ-

ɦɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɜ

ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ

ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ (ɪɢɫ. 3.23).

ɒȺȽ ɉȿɊȼɕɃ:

x ɨɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ Simulink;

ɨɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɨɛɨɡɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ;

ɨɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 3.23. Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɤɨɧ Simulink

Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɫɚɦɭ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɨɛ-

ɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.

ɒȺȽ ȼɌɈɊɈɃ:

x ɩɟɪɟɬɚɳɢɬɟ ɢɡ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɤɨɦ-

ɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ;

110

x ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ (ɪɢɫ. 3.24).

Ɋɢɫ. 3.24. Ƚɨɬɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ

ɒȺȽ ɌɊȿɌɂɃ:

Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ.

ɉɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ Simulink ɯɨɪɨɲɚ ɥɢɲɶ

ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ,

ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ ɢ ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ

ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ Simu-

link ɜ Matlab, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ,

ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ

ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ Simulink, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ to Workspace. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚ-

ɩɭɫɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ sim. Ɍɚɤ,

ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.20, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ

ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ

[T,X,Y]=SIM('SAMPLE'). ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɜ ɤɨ-

ɦɚɧɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ Matlab, ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ Matlab ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ

ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ

t ɢ y – ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. Ɂɚɦɟɬɶɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ

ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Simulink ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ! ɉɪɢ ɜɵ-

ɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɜ ɬɟɥɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ

sym ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ.

ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ: ɤɚɤ ɛɵɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ

ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɚɦɭ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟ-

ɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ?

əɡɵɤ

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Matlab ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ

ɢɥɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ Simulink ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,

ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ

add_block('src', 'dest', 'parameter1', value1, ...) ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɞɨ-