Meyer Franz. A Handbook of Ornament

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VASES. 341

The

Kylix,

the Kantharos,

&c.

Plate 201.

342

The

Kylk, the Eantharos, &c.

—

The Rhyton.

Plate 201. The Kyux,

the Kantharos,

&c,

1. Ajotique Kylix,

painted clay,

Museum,

Naples.

The same

vessel,

viewed from below.

8. Greek Kylix,

bronze, found in sarcophagus at Cepbalonia, (Stackel-

berg).

4. Greek

Kylix,

bronze,

found in Ithaca.

^lutique Kantharos, black

painted clay.

United

collections, Carls-

ruhe.

6. Antique

Kylix, beaten silver, Hildesheim

treasure,

Museum, Berlin.

7. Antique

Kantharos, beaten silver, found

at Berthouville

near

Bernay, Bibliothfeque

Nationale, Paris.

8. Antique Kyathos,

black

painted

clay. United

collections,

Carlsruhe.

9. Antique Kyathos,

painted

clay. United

collections,

Garlsruhe.

10.

Antique Skyphos, metal, (Menard

Sauvageot).

11.

Antique Skyphos, painted clay.

12. Antique Kothon, painted clay. United

collections,

Carlsruhe.

The Ehtton. (Plate

202.)

The

primaeval custom, of using

the

Horns of

animals as

drinking

vessels,

led

the Drinking-Horn.

The

Antique is

not

alone in

creating,

in the Khyton,

special

kind of these

vessels:

in the

Middle

ages and

in Modern times, in

England and

Germany,

Drinking-horns

are

well known.

In view of the varied

and

often

complicated

forms

these latter, we

shall confine

ourselves

presenting some

Antique

examples.

The

form

the Khyton was

that

animal's

head,

with

the

addition

of a

handle. As

rule,

has no

foot;

and

cannot be

set

down.

When

pierced at the lower end,

could be

drunk-from

the

manner

shown

fig. 11. Stags,

asses,

swine,

vultures,

&c.

were

utilised as

models,

whence the special

names

Elaphos,

Onos,

Kapros,

Gryps,

&c.

Sometimes

the

himian head

was

used,

(fig.

2).

The vessel

modelled

naturalistically;

and

receives

painted

decoration

on the

neck

alone. The

material is

clay.

Plate

202.

Antique,

(Tragelaphos) with a

ram

head.

Antique,

willi

human

head.

Antique,

(Kapros)

with

swine

head.

Antique,

(Elaphos)

with n.

stag head, (Semper).

—

Antique,

(Hippotragelaphos) on one

side a ram,

the

other

ass

liead.

VASES.

The Khyton.

Plate

202.

844

VASES.

-j

—

I-

-i

1 1—1

Plate 203.

Tlic Cup,

and the

Beaker.

The

Rhyton.

—

The Cup,

and Uie

Beaker.

—

The

Chalice, and the

Goblet.

345

Antique, (Gryps)

with

vulture

head.

—9.

Antique

drinking-horn,

with lion

mask as spout.

10.

Antique State

Rhyton, marble,

Vatican Museum,

Eome.

11.

Picture from

Antique Vase, showing

the

manner

of drink-

ing from

the

Rhyton.

The

Cup,

and

the

Beaker. (Plate

203.)

Drinking

vessels of these

forms are

veiy

general

occuiTence.

They may be hemi-spherical,

cylindrical,

like an

inverted cone,

or of

a piixed shape; without foot, with a

ring foot,

or supported

balls; without a handle,

with one,

two,

more handles.

The

use

the Cup

restricts it to

a certain

size;

the

material

metal,

glass, clay,

stoneware,

&c.

Richly-decorated Cups

have come

down

us from the Antique, and the

Renascence.

Plate 203, The

Cup,

and the

Beaioju.

Assyrian, from

a relief.

2. Assyrian, painted

clay.

3. Antique, silver,

parcel gilt, found on Ithaca.

4. Antique Kalathos,

found in Athens.

Antique, clay,

painted black. United

collections,

Carlsruhe.

Antique,

red clay, painted black. United

collections,

Carlsruhe.

7. Antique, beaten

silver, found in Pompeii,

now in

Naples.

8. Antique, originally

decorated in sunk

enamel,

Hildesheim

treasure,

Berlin, Museum.

Antique, beaten

silver, Hildesheim

treasure,

Berlin,

Museum.

10. Antique, green

glass,

found

Normandy, (Devillo).

11. Antique, glass,

(Deville).

12. Old German, glass.

13.

Venetian,

glass, British

Museum.

14. Old German,

stoneware.

15. Old German,

stoneware.

16. German

Renascence, Metal, with

bosses

and ball foot.

The Chalice,

and the Goblet. (Plate

204.)

These

are

deep

vessels of the

form of half an

egg,

without

handle,

and with a

high

foot. The form was

chiefly used in the

Middle

Ages, and Renascence;

for both secular

and religious

purposes. For

the former

purpose, the material is glass or metal,

and

the size

•.\AC>

VARES.

IMiUo 'J04. Tbc

Chivlic-c, and the CJoblet.

The

Chalice,

&c.

—

The

Hanap.

347

various; for the latter

purpose,

the

chalice

invariably

metal,

mostly

of silver chased

and

gijt,

enamelled,

set

with

jewels,

&c.

the Romanesque style,

the cup

hemispherical

and

shallow; in the

Gothic style

and

the

Renascence,

becomes

deeper.

Plate

204.

The Chalice,

and

the

Goblet.

Egyptian,

Thebes.

Antique, red clay, United

collections,

Carlsrube.

Antique,

clay,

painted

black.

Romanesque Chalice,

chased

silver set

with jewels,

Villingen

church.

5. Gothic Chalice,

chased

silver,

Wertheim

church.

Silver State-Goblet,

German,

16th century;

this

goblet,

along

with

two

others, is

said

have been

the

model for

the

master-

pieces

the goldsmiths;

and is

usually

attributed to

the

Nurem-

berg

goldsmith

Jamniizer,

although

this

has lately been

doubted;

the bossed outline is

copied

from

the

flower of the

columbine

(Aquilegia vulgaris),

Municipal

collection,

Nuremberg.

7. Crystal Goblet,

with cut

ornaments,

century,

National

Museum, Munich,

Venetian glass Goblet,

17th

century,

British

Museum,

(L'art

pour tous).

Modern

Champagne-glass,

Landesgewerbehalle,

Carlsruhe.

10. Old

German

glass Goblet,

17th

century.

11. Old

German glass Goblet,

17th

century.

The

Hanap. (Plate

205.)

The

same

blending of

forms which

the

reader

will have

ob-

served in

the treatment

of cups

and

goblets

occurs

in the

case

Hanaps.

Ordinary

colloquial

language

makes

definite

distinction

between them. A

State-cup

presupposes

considerable

richness

decoration, it is

usually a cup

goblet-shaped

product

the

gold-

smith's

art,

provided with a cover,

may even

richly

finished glass of similar

form.

Plate 205.

The.

Haitap.

Design, by Hans

Holbein,

German,

16th

century,

(Fomien-

schatz).

Design,

German,

16th

century,

(Fdrmenschatz).

Design, 2nd

half of

the

16th

century,

the

cover makes

an in-

dependent Cup,

(Musterornamente).

S48

VASES.

Plate

205.

The

Hanap.

The

Hanap.

—

The Romer or

Rummer.

349

—5,

German, 16th and

17th

centuries,

chased

silver,

treasure

Regensburg, (Musteromamente).

—

8. Old

German,

glass, 17 th

century.

The ROmer or Rummer.

(Plate

206.)

The Rummer,

the

glass par excellence

for

Rhenish wine, is

the

most

important

representative of the Old German

drinking

glasses,

and

is altogether one

of tte handsomest forms of vessels. C.

Friedrich

in his work

"Die Altdeutschen

Gldser",

the study of which

warmly

recommend,

states

that the fragments of antique glass

were worked-up

again

into

fine

glass-ware;

and that this ware was called

"Romanum

vitrum"

"Romarium

vitrum"

That

led

to the

designation

"Romarii"

which

then

became

"Romer" and "Rummer". The

original form

the

Rummer

is somewhat cylindrical (fig.

1);

instead of

foot

has

ring

at the

bottom. At

a later

period

a low foot

was

added,

upon

which

the body

began

to be divided into members

(figs.

and

3).

The high

foot

eventually led

to the goblet

form (figs.

10,

and

11).

Rummers,

in which

the contents reach

the bottom,

belong

the

2nd half

the

16th century; Rummers with spun

foot, the

wine

reaching

to the

middle-piece,

are to

ascribed

the

17th

century;

while

Rummers

with

an independent middle-piece

are the

product

of the

18th century. All

three forms have been revived

late

years.

The

colour of

the

Rummer

is green or yellowish-brown;

for

aesthetic

reasons,

and not

because it was impossible to manufacture

clear

glass.

The

middle-piece

is often

divided

from the cup

a ribbed

band

and

ornamented

«?-ith

bosses. In

later

times the cup was decorated

with

cut

painted ornament (figs.

and

6).

Such modem

examples,

as Rummers

with white feet and pink

cups, are aberrations

taste.

The Rummer

is generally of

moderate size; but examples of

large

size

are

sometimes met-with.

Plate

206.

The Rummek.

—4.

Older

forms,

(Friedrich).

—6.

White and light-green, engraved ornaments, Bavaxian

Ge-

werbemuseum,

Nuremberg,

(Friedrich).

—

:8.

Modem

copies.

Old form,

without

foot,

(Friedrich).

—

11. Modem forms.

12. Wooden

vessel resembling a

Rummer,

lacquered black, from

Borneo,

United

collections,

Carlsruhe.

350

VASES.

Plate 206.

The

Eomer

Rummer.