Meyer Franz. A Handbook of Ornament

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VASES.

331

The

Lekythos,

&c.

Plate 195.

332

VASES.

Plate 196.

The Lip-spout

Pitcher.

VASES.

333

The

Lip-spout

Pitcher.

Plate

197.

334

The Lip-spout Pitcher.

—

The

Pipe-spout Pot

15.

Old

German, Bohemian glass.

16.

Modem

Hungarian, glazed

clay,

Landesgewerbehalle, Carlsruhe.

Plate

197.

The

Lip

-spout

Pitcher.

Italian Faience,

glazed in colours, 16th century, the blue

lilies

gold ground

are the coat of Julius III.,

Cluiiy

Museum, Paris, (L'art

pour tous).

German,

Hans

Holbein, 16th century, (Hirth,

Formea-

schatz).

Old

German,

stoneware,

with disc-shaped

body.

German

Renascence,

pewter,

(Hirth, Formenschatz).

—6.

Old German,

stoneware, the decoration is omitted.

Modern

stoneware, with

tin cover, by

Dir. Kachel.

[Modem

majolica,

Carlsruhe.

—10. Modem,

stoneware.

—12.

Modem,

green

and blue glass.

The Pipe-spout Pot.

(Plate

198.)

As already remarked, we

group here

all those one-handled

pourers

which

possess a

separate spout or mouth. Hei-e too,

material, size,

and

form

are very

various. Distinct categories are

formed

the State

jugs of

metal,

such

were in use at

the» period of

the Italian

Renascence

(fig.

1),

the

Oriental metal Jugs, the

Venetian small glass

Jugs, milk,

coffee,

tea and

watering

Pots,

&c.

Where a' spout

occurs:

is generally

attached

the lower part or

middle of the body,

rarely

towards the

top; and usually

reaches

the level of the

mouth.

The

Spout

generally tapers in an

upward direction; its orifice is

some-

times

mask

or a

widened

mouth-piece;

in the case

the

Watering-

pot

is furnished with

a rose.

The handle is

vertical, or a hoop.

Noteworthy

is the long stump-handle of some modern Coffee-pots

(fig.

9).

The

vessels

this group fi-equcutly have a

lid.

PiATE

198.

TuE

Pipe

-SPOUT

Pot.

Italian

Renascence, State

-jug, metal, design by

Polidoro

Caravaggio, Uffizi, Florence.

Japanese, enamelled metal.

Louvre, (L'art pour

tous).

3. Arabian, metal, 16lh century,

Cluuy Museum, Paris,

(L'art^

pour

tous).

—

Venetian glass,

IGth

century,

(Hirlh, and

L'art

pour

tous).

Modern Oriental, uuglazed clay, from

Jerusalem,

United

collections, Carlsrulie.

VASES.

335

-t

—

The

Pipe-spout

Pot.

I'late

198,

336

The

Pipe-spout Pot.

—

The Bottle.

Oriental Tea-pot, painted china.

Milk- ewer, painted faience, 18th

century,

United

collections,

Carlsrulie.

Modern Coffee-pot.

10.

Modern Tea-kettle,

metal,

hoop

handle,

with wooden guard.

—13.

Modern Watering-pots, sheet metal.

The

Bottle.

(Plates 199—200.)

The

Bottle has a

spherical, elongated,

bag body;

and an

elongated,

narrow

neck,

which usually expands like a funnel

towards

its

upper

extremity, and is sometimes

closed by a stopper.

Bottles

have either

ring foot or no foot

at all, high feet are

exceptional.

Handles

are

seldom attached;

where this

done, they

appear in pairs.

the case

of Pocket -flasks,

which are usually of a disc

watch

shape,

the

handle serves to

attach the flasks to a cord

or belt.

The

material

chiefly glass;

but clay and

metal are also used.

The

Bottle form has been

specially cultivated in the

East, in Persia,

China,

Japan,

&c.

natural model

frequently

found in the

Calabash,

which

itself often

used as

Vessel.

Plate 199. The

Bottue.

—

Egyptian,

front and side

view.

Antique,

small

watch-shaped

Perfume-

bottle,

blue

and white

glass,

vnth handles

for

suspension, like

hunting-flask,

Cam

pana collection,

(L'art

pour

tous).

Antique, glass,

with

handles for

suspension,

(Deville).

Antique,

Perfume-bottle,

transparent

emerald

green glass.

•

Antique,

Campana collection,

(L'art

pour

tous).

Antique,

two-handled,

iridescent

glass,

Campana collection,

(L'art

pour tous).

Antique, iridescent

glass,

United collections,

Carlsruhe.

Antique, iridescent

glass.

United

collections,

Carlsruhe.

10.

Old

German, glass, from

the Spessart,

(Friedrich,

Die Alt-;

deutschen Glaser).

11.

Modern, cut glass,

Dresden,

(Gewerbehalle).

12.

Modern,

green glass,

with ring stopper.

13.

Modern, yellowish

green glass.

14.

Modern,

"Florentine

flask", covered

with bast.

Plate

200. The

Bottle.

Egyptian, without

foot, two

rope

handles

for

suspension.

Antique, red,

unpainted

clay,

United

collections,

Carlsruhe..

V^ASES

337

The Bottle.

Meyer,

Handbook of

Ornament.

Plate 199.

VASES

Plate 200. The

Bottle.

The

Bottle.

—

Drinking

Vessels.

339

Antique,

hammered

bronze, with

cover and ring,

Castellani

collection.

Ditto,

United

collections,

Carlsruhe.

—

Japanese,

bronze.

Persian,

clay.

—

11.

Modem,

Egyptian,

tmglazed gray

clay, United

collections,

Carlsruhe.

12.

Chinese,

blue

porcelain, (Lifevre).

13.

Persian,

damaskeened

metal, (L'art pour

tous).

14.

Wrought-

iron

military Flask,

holding

pints,

15th century,

Cluny

Museum,

Paris.

15.

Modem

Hungarian

military

Flask, colored glazed clay, Landes-

gewerbehalle,

Carlsruhe.

16.

Majolica,

colored plastic ornamentation,

Modern English,

Landesgewerbehalle,

Carlsruhe.

17.

Modem,

French,

green glazed clay.

Drinking Vessels.

Plates

201

—210

show drinking

vessels. Drinkinsr vessels are

ancient

as drinking itself;

and

they are consequently found

in every

style.

Their forms and kinds

are

infinitely various; especially in

the

Antique, the

Middle Ages, and the Renascence.

Semper

says on tliis

point:

"Athenaeus

gives

us the names and descriptions of more

than

a hundred

drinking vessels, although he confines himself to those

the

precious metals, which, long before his time,

had

replaced earthen-

ware drinking

vessels

among the

Greeks.

The same variety rules

the drinking

vessels

of the Middle Ages; and although, in

this

branch

too, our poverty of invention is obvious, compared

with the

earlier

fecundity;

still,

enumeration

the difi"erent forms and kinds

drinking vessels now

common use

would

fairly

extensive; and

would be all the more difficult

inasmuch as

our

modern time

does

not

adhere

typical

forms;

or,

correctly speaking, has

lost all

idea

of what a type

is.

Nowhere is the

influence of

caprice, and

heedless confusion of forms

more conspicuous

than

in this

class of

vessels; so

that

any

attempt to classify

drinking

vessels, and

enumerate the subdivisions

which

have

existed

and still

exist, can

meet

with little success. But if we

disregard "freaks"

and those anomalous

forms of

drinking

vessels,

which have been evolved more by the

influence

of fashion, and caprice

than

the

intended

use,

shall

find that the

distinctions which we

found

be true for

the

22*

340

Drinking Vessels.

—

The KjIls,

the

K;intbavos,

&c.

forms

vessels in general, are

applicable

drinking

vessels iu

particular".

Notwithstanding

this,

will

attempt

to clasiifj

the forms

drinking

vessels. This will

done, partly

according

style, placing

the

commonest

antique forms

one

Plate,

specifically

Old

German

forms

another, and the drinking

vessels of

our

own time

on a third.

Partly,

too,

we will place, on other Plates,

definite

groups

which have

either

identical fundamental

form or

a common

object,

regardless

their

belonging

to the

same

or to different

styles,

Drinking

horns

and

Rhytons,

Cups and

Beakers, Chalices

and

Goblets,

State-Cups,

Rummers,

Mugs, and

Tankards.

Tee

Kylix,

the

Kantharos,

'&c.

(Plate

201.)

Drinking vessels

clay and the

precious metals,

played

the chief,

part in Antique

times,

while glass,

which

was employed

for

other

purposes,

was

only

occasionally

used.

A very common

form

is the two-handled

dish or Kylix,

with

low

high

foot.

Both the

form and the name

of the later

Calj-x

and

our Chalice

are derived

from Kylix. When

formed of

clay,

the

Kylix

plain

shallow

dish, ornamented

the

under side,

some-

times with

figures on

the inner side, and

with two horizontal

handles

(figs.

—

2).

In metal,

the form becomes

richer, the

handles

are

elongated

and bolder

in curvature

(figs.

—

i).

The fundamental

form of the Kantharos

that

of the deep

dish

Krater, with two

vertical handles. The decoration

is only

external;

the

simplicity in

clay (fig.

5),

passes

mto

richness

when

metal

is em-

ployed (figs.

—

7).

Bacchic

attributes, the vine, ivy,

the

thyrsos,

masks,

&c.,

from

the decoration.

The

Kyathos, a dipper

and

drinking

veseel at

once,

is a dish

with

the handle

elongated vertically

and

sometimes

replaced

straight

handle,

which

gives the vessel

somewhat

of the

appearence of

spoon (figs.

8, 9, 10).

The

Skyphos is a dish with two horizontal handles (figs.

11);

the Kothon

(fig.

12),

the military drinking vessel, "a vessel with

broad

rim bent inwards,

out of which one

could only drink

bending

the neck right back;

but it was

convenient

for dipping

water

from

brooks, and the in -curved rim caught

the impurities of

the

water

that they remained behind both in

dipping and drinking",

(Semper).

We might further adduce the Deinos, the

drinking

vessel of

Hercules,

the amphikypellon,

double beaker

mentioned by

Homer,

the

Kalathos, and

others.

But the

examples

selected

above

may

suffice.