Meyer Franz. A Handbook of Ornament

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VASES.

321

The

Font,

and

the

Holy-

Water Stonp.

Meyer,

Handbook

Ornament.

Plate 190.

322

The

Hydria.

—

The Bucket,

&c.

the greatest protuberance of the

body, which served to raise the

vessel

when full;

the

third is vertical, placed

on one

side

of the neck,

which

served to

carry the vessel when empty,

to steady it when full

and

when

pouring- out.

The

foot is always small. The neck has

shoulder,

or blends

in a

curve with the body.

special Idnd of the

latter treatment is the Kalpis

(fig.

2).

The smaller, slenderer Hydrias,

which were

not

intended

be cai-ried

the head, are termed

Hand

-hydrias. The material is clay.

1'late 191. The

Hydria.

Greek,

(Jacobsthal).

Greek, of

the Kalpis form, body

smooth,

black,

painted with

red figures on the

shoulder.

Greek,

painted black, reddish brown

and

white on the

clay

ground, Campana collection,' Louvre, Paris, (L'art pour tous),

the

decoration

is of

the highest

class,

the shoulder is decorated

ivy

band,

which

is omitted in

this figure, but given

Plate

32.

—5.

GraecQ

Italic

Hand-hydrias, unpaintcd clay. United collections,

Carlsruhe.

—

8. Greek

Vase-paintings, showing the

mode of carrying and usin^

the Hydria.

The

Bucket,

&c.

(Plate

192.)

We have seen that

the Hydria gives

beautiful expression to

the

idea

pouring-out; the Bucket,

on the

other

hand,

distincly a

dipper, and the Funnel

filler.

The

Bucket

is of

specifically

Egyptian

origin; with it

water was

dravni

from the Nile;

and hence

the drop-like

form, vdth the

centre

of gravity low down. Two such

Buckets

were carried on a

yoke.

The form serving

prevent

spilling,

(figs.

—

4).

The

Assyrian

Bucket generally terminates below

in a

lion

mask, from

which the

bag-shaped

neck

rises, (fig.

6).

In the

Graeco-Italic

style, we

find

footless Buckets

resembling an inverted

egg

(fig.

10);

others

with

ring foot are, however, not

uncommon,

(figs.

7, 8,

and

11).

Instead

of one hoop

handle

there

were sometimes

two

(figs.

and

9).

The ecclesiastical art of the

Middle ages

gave its

portable

Holy-

water Stoups the form of buckets,

modifying

the

shape

the

latter

fit

them

for this purpose

(figs.

13,

14).

Sometimes

the

Bucket

furnished with

spout, or a

nozzle

(fig.

15).

The Funnel,

a rule,

takes the

shape

of an

inverted cone,

with

without

tubular continuation;

the

handle

vertical

(figs.

20,

21),

VASES.

323

The

Hydria.

Plate 191.

21*

324 The

Bucket,

&c.

—

The Spoon,

&c.

hoop-shaped

(fig.

19),

two horizontal double

(fig.

18).

Water-

ing

i^ot

shown in fig.

19: the hole

the

top is

intended

let

the

water flow when opened,

stop the flow

atmospheric

pres-

sure

when closed by the finger.

Metal, as

the

more durable material,

is generally used for Buckets

and Funnels:

clay,

glass,

&c.,

are less

common.

Plate 192. The

Bucket, &c.

Egyptian,

Thebes, Tutmes III.

—4.

Egyptian, bronze.

Egyptian Bucket-like

Vessel, without

handle.

Assyrian, with

cord handle.

—11.

Graeco-Italic,

bronze, of various forms.

12.

Antique,

with hoop handle, red clay,

painted

black.

United

collections

in Carlsruhe, the

eye

in the

uppermost zone,

which

found

in Greek Keramics,

has

been

explained as

protective against

the "evil eye".

—

14.

Mediaeval,

beaten copper, 15th

century, (Viollet-le-Duc).

15.

Modern Italian,

clay,

with hoop-handle and nozzle, (Gropiusj.

—

17.

Modern

Coal-vases, sheet-metal, square

and

round.

18.

Antique

clay Funnel.

19.

Mediaeval Vessel, for watering the ground,

clay, (Viollet-le-

Duc).

20.

Modern

Funnel,

for watering the ground, sheet-metal.

21.

General

form of the

modern

sheet-metal

Funnel.

The

Spoon,

and the Ladle. (Plate

193.)

Spoons

and

Paterae

form

special class

of dippers. As the

Table-spoon,

strictly so-called, will come up for

discussion among

the

utensils,

have here to

consider only the

larger spoon

-shaped

vessels and the

Paterae (handled dishes) used

for

religious and other

purposes. The

natural model of the Spoon is

the hollow

hand,

whence

the spherical, elliptical, or

oval dish-shape,

with an attached

handle. The latter usually lies in

the plane of

the rim, but it

may

also form an obtuse angle

with it, or, as in

the case of

the antique

Simpulum

(fig.

11),

right- angle.

Egyptian Spoons,

which are

richly decorated, often possess

a cover

rotating

round

pin (compare

the projections

on the dish, fig.

2),

the spoon

then becomes a

kind

of pot or

receptacle.

foot is

of course

superfluous on the

ordinary

Spoon; but

the Patera) with

handles not

infrequently have a ring-

foot

enable them to stand

(figs.

—

8).

The Spoon

and the

PatertE may also be furnished

with a special

spout or

lip (fig.

6).

VASES.

325

The

Bucket,

&c.

Plate

192.

326

The

Spoon,

—

The Prochous,

&c.

rule: the Dish is

plain,

or is

slightly decorated

engraving the

interior,

(fig.

6).

The decoration is

generally confined

the

rim and the

handle,

or its

points of junction.

The material

usually wood,

bone,

or metal. The

size varies with

the

use.

Plate

193.

Tiie

Spoon, and the

Ladle.

—

Egyptian Spoons, plainly or richly

finished,

partly painted.

5..

Assyrian spoon-like

Vessel.

Antique

bronze Patera, with

lip.

10.

Antique

bronze

Paterae, seen

from

the side, from above,

and below.

Antique

terracotta Patera.

—

12.

Antique

Simpula.

13.

Antique spoon

Vessel,

bronze. United collections,

Carlsruhe.

14.

Antique cooking

Vessel, like a handled dish, (Menard

Sauvageot).

•

Pourers.

The

ProchoUs,

the OinqchoK,

the Olfe,

&c.

(Plate

194.)

We commence the series

of pourers

with the antique

forms of

the

Prochous,

Oinochoo,

Olpe,

&c.

As the

definition of these appella-

tions is

not yet

finally settled:

it will

best to

leave the

various

intermediate

forms

entirely unnamed. The

vessels were used partly

for

secular,

partly for religious

purposes.

Thus the Prochous

the

sacrificial vessel

from which

the libations of

wine were poured- out,

into

the Patera. The

OinochoS is

believed to

have been

secular

wine jug;

and the Olpe to

have

been a receptacle

for oil,

&c.

All these vessels have

this

in common:

that the mouth is wavy,

elongated to

channel on

one side, or

pinched

-in at the sides, to

form a

large spout and

facilitate the

pouring-out.

The older vessels,

particular,

show

great

boldness

in thus

making the form of

the

mouth difi"erent to

the circular plan

which is a

result of the use

the Potter's-wheel; but

in the later

times there

was a

return

the

simpler and more

beautiful shape.

The Prochous

and the

Oiuochng

generally have an

upright body,

in shape like

an egg.

The Olpe

invariably

has a

cake or

bag -shaped body, a

form which

is occa-

sionally found

the

Prochous. The

veiiical

handle is

raised

above

the

vessel and is attached

in a

bold sweep

the

side

opposite

the

lip.

The

foot

is usually

ring-shaped. Bronze

and

clay are

employed

VASES.

327

The Spoon, and the Ladle.

Plate

193.

328

The

Prochou3, &c.

—

The Lekythos,

as materials.

The

Prochoiis and

OinochoS are, generally,

vessels

considerable size,

while the Olpe

is smaller.

Plate 194.

The Prochous, the Oinochoe, the Oipe, <£.c.

Greek Prochoiis,

archaic form

and ornamentation,

painted

clay.

Greek

Prochoiis, geometrical

style, red clay,

painted

black.

Greek

Cyprian

Vessel,

geometrical

style,

yellow clay,

painted

brown,

Munich,

(Lau).

Greek

OinochoS,

Asiatic style, yellow,

painted clay,

(Semper).

Antique small

Vessel, yellow

clay, painted black,

United

collections,

Carlsruhe.

Antique small

Vessel, clay, painted black, engraved

orna-

ment. United

collections, Carlsruhe.

—

Greek Vessels,

painted clay.

10.

Greek bronze

Vessel, collection

of Herr von

Pulsky,

Pesth.

11.

Graeco-Itilic

bronze Vessel.

12. Prochoiis in the

form of a female head.

Museum,

Rome.

—14.

Antique

Olpe,

painted

clay.

15.

Antique bronze Olpe,

Museum Rome.

The

Lekythos,

&c.

(Plate

195.)

The Lekythos is a

small

antique pourer, employed

sometimes

the

toilet as a

receptacle for oils

and unguents,

and

sometimes in

funeral rites, to

be placed

with the deceased

in the grave.

The

form is

generally

elongated, cylindrical or

spindle-shaped,

more rarely

bag-like or

spherical. The foot is

plain ring foot,

the neck long

and

narrow

with

shoulder.

The handle rises

from

the body up to

the

upper

end of

the neck.

regards

form and

decoration, these

pretty

vessels

form

special groups. The

slender

forms are the

older,

the

spherical

and

depressed the later.

Upright

palmettes, as

shown

fig.

are a

characteinstic

decoration.

The

material is clay.

PL.4TE 195. Tue

Lekythos,

&c.

—3.

Greek,

red

clay, painted

black.

United collections,

Carlsruhe.

—6.

Greek,

red clay, painted

black.

Greek,

painted black and

white,

later period.

Greek,

Attic style.

Ditto.

—

12.

Greek,

red

clay, painted

black.

United collections,

Carlsruhe.

13.

Greek,

red clay,

painted black

and white,

Munich, (Lau).

VASES.

329

The

Prochous, the Oinochoe,

the

Olpe, &c.

Plate 194.

330 The

Lekythos.

—

The Lip-spout

Pitcher.

14.

Greek

Arj'ballos (perfume vaso),

United collections,

Carls

ruhe.

15.

Greek Aryballos, painted black, United

collections,

Carlsruhe.

16.

Greek, Perfume

vase , with hoop

handle,

painted

black,

United collections, Carlsruhe.

17. Greek Lekythos, later period,

United collections,

Carlsruhe.

The

Lip-spout Pitcher.

(Plates

196—197)

The want of

some uniform nomenclature makes itself felt

not

only in

the case of

antique vessels, but also with such colloquial

expressions

as "pitcher",

"jug", "pot", "can", "bottle",

&c.,

which

include

a great

variety

of forms, so that

what

one calls

pitchers and

pots

another calls

jugs and cans. To

maintain at

least some

kind

system

in this

handbook,

we class

all vessels

with

vertical handles,

(unless

they belong

to some

special

category), as "Pitchers" if they

have

the usual

mouth

with a

lip; and as

"Pots"

if they have a pipe-

spout.

The material

and size,

of the Pitcher vary greatly, according

its

pui-pose

and period.

The principal representatives are the

ewers,

and

jugs, of

glass, clay,

stoneware, and

met-vl.

Plate

196.

The

Lip-

spout

Pitcher.

Egyptian, "with

saucer,

recalling our modem

ewers and

basins.

2. Antique

iridescent

glass,

Germanisches

Museum,

Nuremberg.

Antique

glass, found

Trouville-la-Rivi^re, Norm;mdy,

(Deville).

4. Antique

glass,

found

near Mainz,

United collections,

Carlsruhe.

6. Roman,

glass,

from a

grave at

Bingerbriick, Wiesbaden

Museum.

6. Antique,

blue

glass,

Louvre,

(Deville).

7. Like

No.

Antique,

yellowish

green

glass, Germanisches Museum,

Nuremberg.

9. Like No.

10.

Antique,

glass,

found

in Rouen,

3d century A. D., Rouen

Museum,

(Deville).

11.

Antique

ring-shape,

unpainted

clay. United collections,

Carlsruhe.

12. Roman

Alemannic

red

clay,

found in Kaferthal near Mannheim,

United

collections,

Carlsruhe.

13. Antique

(?)

bronze,

with

cover, found,

at Saumur,

(Menard

Sauvageot).

14.

Ancient

American,

grey clay,

time of the Incas, excavated

Trujillo

Peru, (the

round

compartment

the body

is fan-

tastically

adorned

with figures).

United collections,

Carlsnihe,