Lopez de Lacalle L.N., Lamikiz A. Machine Tools for High Performance Machining
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437
Index
3
3-axis machine 408
5
5-axis
horizontal machining centre 414
machine 408
machining centre 411, 412, 416
A
Abbe error 17, 377
Abbe's principle 233
Abrasive waterjet 2
Accuracy 10, 48, 223, 252, 286, 312, 385,
396
Acoustic emission sensors 191
Active
damping 66
vibration control 215
Adaptive
balancer 271
control constraint 305
control optimisation 161, 305
control systems 320
resonance theory 192
ADD 66
Advanced ceramics 328
Aeronautic alloys 326
Aerospace 399
components 399
industry 399
Aerostatic guides 156, 283, 384
Agile modules 433
Aircrafts 400
civil 400
military 400
Aluminium
alloys 404
components 404
structures 404, 417
Angular
ball bearings 89
bearings 28
Artificial
intelligence 182, 320
neural networks 182, 191, 193
vision 191
ASME B5.54 252
ASPE 225
Asynchronous induction motors 27
Automated
part change (APC) 5, 12
tool change (ATC) 5, 12
Automatic
head exchange 83
tool changer 429
wire thread 319
Automotive
components 35, 421, 423
industry 280, 421
production 421
Axes control 32
Axis controller 174
B
Ball screws 29, 132, 332
grinders 288
micromachining 377
438 Index
precision 379
preload 132
Ball-bar 256, 353
Band saw 41
Bandwidth 188
Bandwidth of the speed loop 137
Bearings 87
aerostatic 95
hybrid 91
hydrodynamic 95
hydrostatic 95
lubrication 92
magnetic 94
Blade 402
Blisk 402
machining 402
Box-in-box frame 415
Brass wire 324
C
CAD 171, 346
CAD/CAM 171, 208
CAE 348
Calibration 337, 350, 354
CAM 171, 237, 244, 246, 271
Cantilever-type 50
Cast iron 62, 287
CBN wheel 297, 300
Centreless
grinders 285
grinding 241
Ceramic
angular ball bearing 389
grinding 296
C-frame structure 54, 60
Chatter 21, 57, 108, 271
lobe diagrams 22
micromachining 372
micromilling 392
stability lobes 59, 102, 109, 112, 114
stability lobes diagram 57, 66, 184
Chip-to-chip time 429
Chuck
collet 99
hydraulic 100
shrink-fit 101
Closed-loop
controllers 174
structure 16, 50
CNC 30, 159, 346
programming 203, 204
computer assisted 207
Coated wires 325
Communications bandwidth 164
Compensate 340
Compensation motion 340
Compliant mechanism 388
Composites 64, 403, 405
Computer numerical control 5
Condition monitoring system 189
Continuous dressing 293
Contouring-error control 175
Control parameters 131
Coordinate measuring machines 379
Corner geometry 315
Crawling portable robot 410
Creep feed grinding 283, 297, 301
Creep feed surface grinding machines 291
Cross-coupling controller 178
Cryogenic gas assisted turning 276
Cylindrical
grinding 281, 285
wire EDM 319
D
d·N product value 134
Deep rolling 275
Degrees of freedom 10, 49, 338, 340
Desktop machines 376
milling 377
Diamond-cutting 376
Difficult-to-cut materials 414, 417
Difficult-to-machine 283
Direct
drive 28
kinematics 345
Displacement group theory 343
Distributed numerical control 162
DOF 10
Dresser tools 292
Drive 129
bandwidth 131
trains 29
Dynamic control 361
E
Eco-efficiency 48
Eco-efficient machines 56
EDM 307
cutting speed 313
machine parameters 313
Elecro-discharge dressing (EDD) 294
Electrical discharge grinding 309
Electro-contact discharge dressing
(ECDD) 295
Index 439
Electrodischarge machining 417
Electrospindles 270
ELID. Electrolytic in-process dressing 293
Encoder
linear 234
rotary 104, 234
Error budget 225, 227
Ethernet 197, 200
EUSPEN 225
Experimental analysis 20
Extended bandwidth ZPETC 177
F
Feed-forward 177
FEM 58
Fibre reinforced composites 64
Fieldbus 195, 212
Filter effect principle 236
Filtering 322
Finite element method 19, 58
Flexible cell 429, 431
Flexure guidance systems 387
Floating nut system 378
Forced vibration 372
Forward kinematics 350, 359
Friction guide 147
Friction stir welding 2, 51, 413
Functional principle 231
Fuzzy logic 182, 191
G
Gantry milling machine 409
γ-TiAl 405
Gear shaper 16
Granite 19, 63, 241, 288, 395
Grey cast iron 19
Grinding
forces measurement 303
machines 279
wheels 264, 280, 289
Guideways 23, 147, 290, 383
H
Hacksaw 16
Hard
materials 308
turning 264, 286
Heat resistant super alloys 403
Heavy-duty lathe 40
Hexapods 337
High efficiency deep grinding 302
High precision
machines 288, 291
machining 220
High speed
machining 165, 168
milling 406
High-pressure coolant jet assisted
machining 277
Historical remarks 2
Homogeneous transformation matrix 237
Horizontal machining centre 411, 416
HSK 249
HSM 406
Hybrid
machines 339, 415
materials 64
NURBS interpolators 172
structures 64
Hydrostatic
ball screws 288
bearings 95, 152, 381, 382
drives 394
guides 26, 268
guideway 147
leadscrews 382
spindle 390
I
Ideal machining unit 165
Intelligent thermal shield 215
Internal
grinding 283
model control 198
Interpolation 13, 169
reference pulse 169
reference word 169
Inverse
dynamic 360
dynamic control 361
kinematics 345, 358, 360
ISEM 310
ISO 33
10791 33
13041 33
230 33
230-2 252, 254
3408-5 136
J
Jacobian
kinematic 359
matrices 347
440 Index
Jerk control 237, 244
Jet assisted machining 277
Jet engine 402
JIS B6201 254
JSPE 225
K
Key-slots 10
Kinematic
calibration 350
chains 337
design 232, 242, 377
errors 226
Kohonen maps 192
L
Laser
assisted dressing 296
assisted turning 273
hardening 272
interferometer 392
interferometers 252
tracker 357
welding 273
Lathe
heavy-duty 266
Lathes 261
horizontal 262
vertical 263, 267, 413
Leadscrew 132
Level-based representation 210
Life cycle
analysis 48
cost analysis 12
Linear motors 142, 263, 289, 316, 380,
383, 387
Linear slide 381
LLLRR machine 14, 409
Load capacity
dynamic 135
static 135
Local area networks 163
Look-ahead 244, 245
Low-frequency modes 68
M
Machine
bed 16, 49
configurations 50
frame 16, 49
reference system 13
stiffness 19
structural components 16, 47, 50, 53
structure 316
tool accuracy 11
verification 251
Machining centre 5
Magnetic
bearing 94
bearings 386, 391, 392
guides 386
levitation 158, 386
spindle 392
Magnetically levitated
2D table 387
Magneto-rheological fluids 72
Main motion 27
Measurement devices 297
Measuring devices 353
Measuring instrument 186
Microcomponents 166
Micro-EDM 330
MicroEDM machine 388
Micromanufacturing 166, 369
Micromilled moulds 375
Micromilling 371
applications 374
machine 370
process 369
tools 372
Micropart 373
Microtechnologies 330
Microtool 373
Mineral casting 19, 63, 287
Miniature machine 370
Minimum Quantity Lubrication 434
Mixed freedoms 338
Mobility 338
Modularity 22, 23
Molybdenum wires 325
Monitoring instrumentation 188
Monocrystalline diamond tools 393
Monolithic 401
Motion pattern 340, 342
Motor
AC alternating current 86
DC direct current 85
torque 27
Moulds 37
Multi-level hierarchical control 168
Multi-level hierarchical system 180
Multi-spindles
milling machine 83
Multi-tasking machines 5, 265, 415, 417
Multi-wheel 282
Index 441
N
Nanomachining 167
NC-Gesellschaft 257
Networked control system 195
Newton-Raphson’s procedure 346
Nickel
alloys 283, 405
Non-conventional machining 307
Non-repetitive errors 236
Numerical control 5, 159, 318
NURBS 172
O
Oil-air lubrication 94
Open CNC 194
Open control systems 163
Open numerical controls 304
Open system architecture for controls 210
Open-loop controllers 174
Open-loop structure 16
Optical linear scales 393
Optimisation 349
P
Pallet handling 429
Parallel kinematics 6, 82, 335, 336, 388,
411
control 358
machine 344
singular configurations 360
Passive elements 352
PCD 329
Peel grinding 299
PLC 32, 188
Polymer concrete 19, 63, 288
Polymeric based material 149
Precision machining 307
Precision tooling 311
Principle of compliance 231
Principle of minimisation of heat
deformation 232
Principle of smooth motion 232
Productivity 48
Profibus 201
Programmable logic controller 32
R
Rack and pinion 139, 157
preload 140
Radial basis function 192
Rams 54
Random errors 236
Reconfigurability 265
Reconfigurable machining systems 429
Repeatability 10, 223, 229, 252, 321, 374,
385
Repetitive errors 236
Resolution 10, 223
RLLLR machine 14, 409, 412, 415
Robotics 336
Roller burnishing 273
Roller disc dresser 292
Rolling guides 25, 150
recirculating 151
Rotary headstock 81
Rotary nut 138
Rotary screw 138
Rotary table 145
Rotary transfer machine 425
RRLLL machine 14, 409, 412, 414
Runout 119, 227, 250
S
Schönflies motion 344
Screw system 343
Screw theory 342
Self-calibration 350, 358
Self-compensating coupled bearings 291
Self-compensating valves 291
Semi-kinematic configuration 383
Sensors 103
SERCOS 213
Servodrive control 130
Servomotors 129
Shanks 97, 249
Simulation of processes 271
Singular value decomposition 352
Singularities 348
Small cutting tools 372
Sonotrode 276
Sources of error 221, 226, 233, 245
Specific cutting force 28
Speed stroke grinding 300
Spindle
belt-driven 78
built-in 80
configurations 80
direct drive 79
drawbar 102
dynamics 110
electrospindle 80
gear-driven 79
housing 104
442 Index
monitoring 104
power 105
runout 389
shaft 103
stiffness 106, 111
thermal behaviour 115
thermal growth 116
torque 105
Standardisation 321
Status monitoring 186
Steel frame 62
Steel weld structure 64
Stick and slip 25
Stiffness
angular 249
Stiffness error 227
Stiffness-to-mass ratio 54, 61
Structural damping 62
Structural optimisation 56
Superabrasive wheels 282, 294, 296
Superalloys 404, 405, 418
Supervisory control 183
Supervisory level 179
Surface finish 237, 308
Surface grinders 283
Symmetrical configurations 50
T
Taper
BT type 96
CAT type 96
HSK type 96
ISO type 96
Morse type 96
Taper cutting 315
Test parts 257
Thermal conductivity 62, 92
Thermal errors 227, 240
Thermal expansion 62, 241
Through-feed grinding 285
Tilting tables 339
Titanium
alloys 283, 301, 404, 405, 413
Tool condition monitoring 190
Tool deflection 227, 229, 248, 250
Tool failure detection 185
Tool wear 247
detection 185
monitoring 185
Toolholder 95
frequency response 101
Topological optimisation 60
Torque motor 87
Torque motors 146
Total design principle 231
Tracking-error control 175
Transfer machine 42
linear 424, 425, 431
rotary 424
Travelling column 411
Traverse column 284
Trim cuts 313
Tungsten carbide 327, 405
Tungsten carbide tool 373
Turn-broaching 269
Turning-milling machine 418
Turn-milling 268
Twin-wire 315
Type synthesis 341
U
Ultra precision machining 222
Ultra-high precision machines 290
Ultraprecision
cutting 375
milling 375
milling machines 370
turning 375
Ultrasonic assisted turning 275
Uncertainty 224
V
Verification procedures 252
Vibrations 108
W
Welded frames 19
Wheel dressing 291
Wheel-gear transmission 146
Wheelhead 281
Wire electrical discharge machining 307
Wire-cut machines 309
Workholding 321
Working volume 347
Workpiece height 316
Workpiece reference system 13
Workspace 347, 351
Worm-gear transmission 145
Z
Zero phase error
tracking controller 177
ZPETC 177