Lerbinger O. Corporate Public Affairs. Interacting with Interest Groups, Media, and Government

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Kasky, Marc, 339

Katzenback, Nicholas, 212

Kearns & West, 15

Kelley, Jack, 174

Kellogg Brown & Root, 356

Kelly, Charles, 235

Kenkel, Mary, 311

Kennedy, Edward R., 245

Kerr-McGee, 320

Kerry, John F., 303, 368

Kessler, Ronald, 205

Ketchum, 236

Key-contact, 256

Kimball, Kenneth O., 74

Kimberly-Clark, 408

Kingdon, John, 242

Kinter, Robert E., 106

Kissane, James, 399

Klepper, Michael M., 147

Knight, Philip H., 42, 46

Koch Industries, 312

Kohut, Andrew, 32

cable as top news source, 127

survey on media’s watachdog

role, 203

Komisarjevsky, Christopher P. A.

media coverage of court battle,

313

PR and lawyers, 427

PR a guardians of integrity, 428

working closely with legal staff,

316

Koppel, Ted, 368

Kornegay, Thomas, 75

Kozlowski, Dennis, 349, 397

KPMG, 389

Kristol, William, 300

Krugman, Paul, 353

Krumholtz, Jake, 313

Krupp, Fred, 348

Kuwait, 101

Los Angeles Times, 110

Labor unions

attempt to restrict political ex

penditures, 47

community organizing, 28

loss of public appeal, 362

membership decline, 28, 362

power eroding, 362

responsibility to maintain compet

itive market position, 415

seldom consulted by media, 372

union avoidance programs, 47

Lalli, Frank, 116

Larry King, 137, 140, 141, 208,

316,

Lasch, Christopher, 203

Lasswell, Harold, 242

Late Show With David Letterman,

140

Law firms, 236

Lawmakers 259

Lawsuits

cost of, 321

discovery process, 335

notable ones, 320

total war against corporations,

314

Lawyers

called hucksters, 323

corporations fight plaintiff law-

yers, 338

difference in values from PR, 320

trial lawyers talk too much,317

number in U.S., 321

part of financial information in-

frastructure, 390

plaintiff lawyers sued by Chrys-

ler, 338

PR as equal partner, 329

right to advertise, 322

systematic approach, 330

Lay, Kenneth

contributes to Bush campaign, 300

filled with weening ambition, 351

indicted, 397

meets with state utilities commis

sions, 350

political contributions, 279

self-enrichment, 352

Leadership directories, 238

League of Conservation Voters, 285,

286

Leahy, Patrick J., 232

Leaves of absence, 293

Legal PR, 318

Legal process, 333

Legal talent employed by Microsoft,

Legislative communication

activities of, 226

462 I SUBJECT INDEX

begins at end of public involve

ment stage, 223

features, 23

part of government arena, 223

used in legislative life cycle stage,

Legislative Demographic Services, 253

Legislative stage, 19

Lehrer News Hour, 139

Leon, Judy, 316

Level of aspiration in negotiation, 82

Levin, Gerald, 182

Lewis, Charles, 368

Lewis, Peter, 280

Levy, Ronald N., 120

Libel Defense Resource Center, 185

Libel Prosecution Resource Center,

183

Libel Research Project, 228

Libel suits, 190, 185

Liberal bias of news media, 202

Lichter, Robert, 90

Life cycle of an issue

four stages, 19

media used at different stages, 22

shown in build-up of social en-

ergy, 37

Lillanthal, Deborah A., 316

Limbaugh, Rush, 141

Lincoln, Abraham, 405

Linke, Curtis, 110

Listening skills, 60

Litigation, 81

as total war against corporate

America, 314

cost of, 321

life cycle stage, 19, 226, 306

“machine,” 322

Litigation communication, 23, 223,

310

Litigation PR

as a professional service, 318

growth of, 313

principles and techniques, 328

Litigious society, 306

Liu, Yu-Chun Regine, 215

Liz Claiborne, 15

Lobbying, 47, 230

belonging to a politician’s family

helps, 237

by Microsoft, 12

direct, 229

First Amendment right, 229

grassroots, 165, 22, 250

some helpful skills,243

top corporate spenders, 230

two types, 226

Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995,

230

Lobbying industry

number of registered lobbyists,

230

Washington’s top firms, 233

Local 26, 92

Local emergency planning commit

tees (LEPCs), 54

Local issues

loss of news about, 368

Lockheed Martin, 277

Loeb, Harlan, 315

Lorillard, 182

Los Angeles Times, 122, 159, 208

Lott, Chet, 237

Louisiana Citizens Against Lawsuit

Abuse, 326

Louisville Courier-Journal, 176

Low profile media relations ap-

proach, 99

Lowery, Elizabeth, 361

LTV, 295

Lundberg, George, 101

Luntz Research, 268

Lynch, Marge, 56

M-3, 104

Mack, Charles S., 273

Magazine Publishers of America and

American Society of Maga

zine, 116

Magee, Stephen, 321

Mailing lists, 106

Making news irresistible, 117

Management by objectives (MBO),

Managerial creed, 414–415

Managing the Business-Employee

PAC, 293

Manassas National Battlefield, 99

Manville, 109, 320

Mapes, Mary, 176

Marburger, John, 56

Marchand, Roland, 372

SUBJECT INDEX I 463

Market power

danger of corporate dominance,

351

Marketplace of ideas, 93

Marshall, Rose, 318

Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia,

316

Mashe, Carol, 129

Mason, Ken, 246

Mass media, 371

Mathews, Dan, 153

Matthews, Charles W., Jr., 314, 317

MBNA, 291

McCain, John

campaign financing reform, 281

free political advertising for can

didates, 387

fundraising on Internet, 275

vouchers for free political adver-

tising, 387

wary of 527 groups, 280

McCain-Feingold Campaign Finance

Reform Bill

evaluation, 283

history and main provisions, 282

limited effect, 386

spawns new tax-exempt groups,

287

McCaul, Michael, 277

McConnell, Mitch, 152, 283

McCormack, John W., 235

McDonald’s, 166

conducts social audit, 52

files libel suit in London, 44

foam packaging decision, 75

hot coffee suit, 324

plastic-foam food containers, 41

protest in France, 50

strategy of setting the record

straight, 50

McDonough, Bill, 361

McGoldrick, John L., 334

Mead government affairs, 253

Mederios, Cardinal

Farah boycott, 39

right to scrutinize internal affairs

of business, 39

Media, 41, 65

accountability, 174

arbiter function, 93

bias, 202–203

blitz, 173, 202

boards of directors, 173

cable surpasses network news, 127

conglomerates, 370

criticism, 172

court gag orders, 336

decency standards, Janet Jackson

exposure, 372

distribution services, 119

growth in corporate media

power, 366

manipulation by PR firms, 101

monitoring, 173

ownership as means of media ac

countability, 178

power of, 366

training, 142, 144

Media concentration

Congress halts changes in media

ownership rules, 368

danger to business, 180

media ownership rules sought by

Powell, 370

six media giants, 206

Media Fund, 280, 386

Media Guide, 174, 175,

Media relations, 82, 107

applying crisis communications

principles, 331

arranging for coverage at hear-

ings, 246

as public affairs function, 14

Disney’s low profile, 99

necessity for quick response in

lawsuits, 330

policy issues in Naturewise case

study, 42

proactive, 99, 107, 165

requiring advance notice, 116

tough media stance strategy, 107

Media Research Center, 176, 177,

203–204

Media strategies, 89

Media Watchdogs, 174

Medialink, 120

MediaMap, 115

Mediation, 58, 72, 79

MediaWatch, 174

Medicare prescription drug law of

2003, 152

Merck, 414

Mercury emissions by power plants,

359

464 I SUBJECT INDEX

Mercury News, 183

Mergers and acquisitions, 355

Merriam, Charles, 242

Merrill Lynch, 210, 391

Metabolife, 102

Metropolitan Life, 182l, 409

Metzger, Sidney M., 39

Meyerhoff, Al, 44

Michigan Journalism Fellows pro

gram, 200

Microsoft

big soft money contributor, 278

campaign contributions, 231

entry into Beltway, 232

importance of public opinion in

antitrust suit, 426

political resources, 12

settles with Justice Dept., 314

Middleberg Interactive Communica-

tions, 104

Middleberg/Ross Survey of Media in

the Wired World, 90, 125

Migid, Larry, 126

Military, 356

Millner, Guy loses election, 290

Milyo, Jeff, 202

Minnesota News Council, 177

Minot, N. D., 370

Mobil, 143, 156–157, 355

imposes news boycott on Wall

Street Journal, 113

Mobilize support with computers,

267

Modes in strategic decision making,

Mondale, Walter, 139, 208

Money, 273, 289

Monsanto

general counsel speaks on litiga

tion, 314

represented by legal PR, 318

targeted by Greenpeace, 40

Morgan Stanley, 399

Moskowitz, Laurence, 121

Mother Jones, 175

Motorola, 141, 210

MoveOn.org 527 group, 280

held contest on best anti-Bush

ads, 288

used to organize rally, 298

Moyers, Bill, 366, 370

MSNBC, 127

Municipal Yellow Book, 238

Murdoch, Rupert, 370

Muris, Timothy, 205

Mutual gains approach, 78

Mutual satisfaction

outcome of relationship building,

417

Mutually beneficial relationship, 16,

406

New York Times, 110

Nader, Ralph, 28, 32, 232

“Campaign GM,” 421

SLAPPsuits,383

NADIA, 213

National Association of Broadcasters

opposes free political advertising,

387

provide travel gifts to gov’t offi-

cials, 240

National Association of Criminal De-

fense Lawyers, 332

National Association of Life Under-

writers, 265

National Association of Manufactur-

ers (NAM), 324

National Association of Radio Talk

Show Hosts, 129

National business groups, 234

National Cable & Telecommunica-

tions Association, 240

National Cattlemen’s Association, 115

National Education Association, 259

National Federation of Independent

Business, 234, 250, 268

identifies audiences by activism

and political connection,

266

National Grassroots & Communica

tions, 266

National Highway Traffic Safety Ad

ministration, 192

National Institute on Money in State

Policies, 299

National Journal, 161

National Labor Relations Act, 199

National Labor Relations Board, 368

National News Council, 113, 176

sides with Shell and Exxon, 194

The Day files complaint, 113

SUBJECT INDEX I 465

National Public Radio, 188

National Republican Congressional

Committee, 231

National Resources Defense Council,

National Rifle Association

recruiting and managing volun

teers, 254–255

National Speakers Forum, 106

National Telecommunications Ser

vices, 263

National Transportation Safety, 326

National Wildlife Federation, 54, 263

Natural capitalism, 409

Natural constituencies, 257

Natural Resources Defense Council

Alar campaign, 32

effective litigation groups, 306

fights McDonald’s foam food

containers, 41

onSLAPPsuits,44

remain viable environmental

group, 360

slight media coverage, 373

Naturewise Apparel, 42

NBC, 106, 139, 154, 176, 193, 194,

200, 205

owned by GE, 181

“Saturday Night Live,” 374

suit threatened by GM, 330

Negotiations, 58

consensus building, 81

Fisher & Ury’s list of four fea

tures, 80

importance in conflict resolution,

necessary conditions and limits, 80

Neighbor to Neighbor, 155

Neutral zone, 62

netiquette, 213

New Bedford Harbor Superfund Fo

rum, 78

New Democratic Network, 280

New England Electric System, 74

New England Journal of Medicine,

101

New Republic, 158, 174

New York Power Authority, 258

New York Stock Exchange, 395

New York Sun, 117

New York Times, 85, 105, 156, 176,

200, 203

Jason Blair affair, 172

leader in use of in-house polls, 122

Newman, Lloyd, 329

News

asacommodity,204

boycott, 112

conference, 41, 199

consumption trends, 128

strategy of correcting, 104

News & Record, 187

News Corp, 179, 193, 206, 368

News Councils, 175, 193

News creation process

intervention in, 100

jump start, 100

News Hour with Jim Lehrer, 143

News media

basic function, 90

disenchantment with, 200

entertainment values, 206

First Amendment rights subordi-

nated to Sixth Amend-

ment, 329

News release, 41, 199, 218

News-gathering

deceptive or careless instances,

218

Newsgroups, 105

Newsletters, 66

Newspaper advisory boards, 11

Newspaper Association of America,

205

survey on trust of political ads,

284

Newspaper publishers

screening Astroturf letters, 257

Newsweek, 203, 239

Newsworthiness

basic requirement in media rela

tions, 117

stories business wants journalists

to cover, 118

NGOs, 28, 30, 57

Niche magazines

use by Bush administration, 128

Nicolazzo, Richard E.

speaks out on equal attorney-cli

ent protection, 318

Nickles, Don, 238

Nielsen Media Research Survey, 120

Nike, 15

boycott by PUSH, 41

466 I SUBJECT INDEX

conducts social audit, 52

human rights in Asian plants, 51

marketing research study re

Asian practices, 52

sweatshop issue, 15

targeted by activists, 51

Nike v Krasky, 384

Noble, Larry, 238

Nonprofits, 30, 284

Norquist, Grover, 232, 277

North American Free Trade Agree

ment (NAFTA), 358

North American Precis Syndicate,

65, 119

North, Oliver, 213

Northrop, 319

Northwest Airlines, 155

investigates employee e-mail, 104

Minnesota News Council case, 177

Novak, Robert, 205

Nuclear Energy Institute, 158, 165

O. J. Simpson case, 332

O’Connor, Sandra Day, 323

O’Neill, Harry W., 337

Oak Industries, 314

Occupational Safety and Health Ad-

ministration

ineffective rules, 312

new type of social legislation, 235

Odwalla, 218

Ogilvy PR Worldwide, 236

Olin, 267

Olson, Mancur, 225

Omnicom Group Inc., 236

One-way, asymmetrical approach

acommunicationsstrategy,52

Online Systems, 212–214

spamming, 214

sysop, 214

Op-eds, 158

Open Compliance & Ethics Group, 413

Open system, 16

Opinion leader communication, 22,

Opinion leaders, 37, 74

important target audience for

corporations, 58

link with interest group mem

bers, 34

Opinion Research Corporation (ORC)

study, 163

Opperman, Vance, 285

Organizational chart

extended version, 10

Organizational communication, 48

Outside constituencies, 257, 258

O’Connor, Sandra Day, 312

Overholser, Geneva, 204

PACs, 165, 243, 273, 292, 294, 295

PAC newsletters, 294

Pachman, Ruth

handling of Internet rumor, 105

Packard Doctrine, 46, 384

Packwood, Bob, 238

PACs, 276

contribution limits, 275

favorable conditions for effective-

ness, 292

money raised in 2000 election

cycle, 276

Page, Arthur W., 418

Pakistan

child labor involving Nike, 51

Panel discussions, 200

Paramount Pictures, 240

Parsons, 356

Partisan communications, 297

Pataki, George, 263

Patch-throughs on telephone, 260,

268

Patterson, Jeanne L., 277

Patton, Boggs, 233

Paul, William G., 317

Paulson, Kenneth A, 332

Paxon, Bill, 231

Pearce, Harold J.,177, 193, 279

Pennzoil Co., 311

Pentagon

nerve gas story by CNN, 174

papers, 337

People for the Ethical Treatment of

Animals(PETA)adoptscorp.

advertising. techniques, 153

People powers, 31

Pepsi, 164

Pepsi Cola, 121

syringe crisis, 91

Perception management, 50

SUBJECT INDEX I 467

Perelman, Ronald O., 408

Perenchio, Jerry, 280

Performance strategy, 51

Perini, 357

Perot, Rossr, 278

Perry, Catherine D., 338

Personal communication, 60

Personal interests of legislators

overlap with legislative interests,

240

Perspectives on American Political

Media, 204

Persuasion, 66

Persuasion call, 264

Pertschuk, Michael, 44

Peter D. Hart Research Associates

survey on employee voting for

unions, 47

Peterson, Coleman, 47

Pew Charitable Trusts, 183

Pew Research Center for the People &

The Press, 200

Biennial news survey, 127

bonding of people in communi-

ties, 32

Pfizer, 152, 411

Pharmaceutical industry

expect return on contributions,

291

pre-election advertising blitz, 286

spared by media, 183

Pharmaceutical Research & Manufac-

turers of America, 268, 325

Medicare drug issue., 373

supported United Seniors Assn.,

285

Phelps, Ken, 277

Phenylbutazone, 339

Philip Morris, 161, 213,

big soft money contributor, 278

name change, 166

offers catalog to consumers, 258

public responsibility committee,

421

publishes magazine, 213, 258

supported California’s Civil Lia

bility Reform Act, 328

Philip Morris USA faced litigation,

313

Philips Petroleum

“bet-your-company litigation,”

314

general counsel, 314

PR and law working together, 317

Phone banks, 264, 268

Physicians for Social Responsibility,

15, 76

Pickens, T. Boone, 280

Pilletts, Jeffs, 289

Pires Group, 63

Pires, Mary Ann

established constituency relations

program, 63

Pitchford, Gary

organizes public participation

conference, 53

Pitt, Harvey, 392

Plausible deniability, legal argu

ment, 397

Pluralistic society, 383

needed in political marketplace,

383

Podesta, John, 298

PointCast Inc., 218

Policy dialogues, 79

Political

assistance by corporations, 293

campaign contributions by

Microsoft, 12

campaign costs, 273

criteria for judging political ads,

139

environment changes lobbying,

252

generation of political power, 10

marketplace, 381–383

resources, 12, 239

structure affects grassroots lob

bying, 252

Political influence

danger of corporate dominance,

350

Political parties

help preserve competition, 383

nothing in Constitution, 386

stabilizing role undermined by

527s, 281

weakened by campaign finance

restrictions, 281

weakened control over

congresspeople, 252

PoliticalMoneyLine

corporate PAC contributions, 276

Porter Novelli, 236

468 I SUBJECT INDEX

Popular Hot Rodding, 193

Portland General Electric, 15, 76, 77

POW Story (A)

shown by Sinclair, 368

Powell, Michael K.

seeks media rule changes, 370

Powell Tate, 236, 316

Power 25 interest groups, 250

Poynter Institute for Media Studies,

186

PR Newswire, seller of Cybersleuth,

104

Predictive-dialing technology, 263

Preemptive media relations

use by Metabolife, 102

President’s Council on Competitive

ness

on liability costs, 321

President’s Council on Sustainable

Development, 54

Press kits, 118–119

Price as core market information, 382

Price, Michael, 408

PriceWaterhouseCoopers

ads to increase investor confi-

dence, 389

on business’s environmental

practices, 361

technicians-for-hire, 237

Primacy, law of, 43

Priming, a communications tech-

nique, 92

Princess Diana, 206–207

Princeton University, 121

Private communication systems, 209

Privatization, 356

Prizm Cluster System, 266

Proactive media relations, 99

Problem-solving process

aspect of strategic campaign

management, 18

Procter & Gamble

Bankers Trust lawsuit, 337

hunts down source of leak, 117

offensive ad by activist group, 155

Product differentiation, 382

Product liability, 320

Product Liability Advisory Council,

318

Product liability bill, 325

Product Liability Coordinating Com

mittee, 324

Product Liability Coordinating Com

mittee, 324

Program on Negotiation at the Har

vard Law School, 72, 320

Progress for America, 280

Project of Excellence in Journalism

comment on local journalism,

368

foreign news bureaus, 127

Proposition 226, 47

Prudential Insurance Co. of America,

374, 409

PR Watch, 373

PRWeek/Burson-Marsteller CEO

survey 2003, 425

Pryce, Deborah, 274

Public affairs

basing campaign on issue life

cycle, 22

list of stakeholders, 8

defined, 7

function, 347

hiring, 348

list of 25 functions, 13

modern function, 7

overview, 17

staff support to public interest

committees, 422

Public affairs communication, 17

Public Affairs Council, 7

45th Anniversary Report (1999),

405

defines grassroots lobbying, 253

importance of ethical guide-

lines,405

survey of 200 CSR practitioners,

424

Public affairs department

list of 25 functions, 13

Public Affairs Foundation

forms of political assistance, 293

Public affairs strategies, 21

Public agenda, 41

Public Broadcast System (PBS), 116,

143, 174, 203

corporate underwriters, 212

Public communication, 23

used in public involvement life

cycle stage, 22

Public Company Accounting Over

sight Board established by

Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 393

SUBJECT INDEX I 469

Public Company Accounting Reform

Investor Protection Act of

2002 (see also

Sarbanes-Oxley Act), 393

Public confidence in business

eroded by corporate scandals, 351

Public goods, 405

Public interest

attempts to define, 404

groups, 306

related to CSR, 411

Public interest committee of board

of directors, 420

membership criteria, 421

Public Interest Profiles, 28

Public involvement, 41

life cycle stage, 19

media strategies, 89

Public issues agenda, 99

Public journalism, 176, 213–214

Public Policy Group, 77, 517

Public policy polls, 122

Public opinion

about Microsoft, 232

advice in reporting on, 124

public support lessened by scan-

dals, 352, 354

factor in CSX suit, 326

function of surveys, 226

importance in ligitation, 316

importance in public affairs, 225

government is biggest threat, 354

likened to role of price in market

place, 382

need for lawyers to sway, 316

negative views toward media, 202

on profits, 414

part of sociopolitical environ

ment, 5

polls and surveys, 202

polls funded by Microsoft, 12

public opinion survey

public policy polls, 118

Public participation, 59

an engagement strategy, 53

as shift from wholesale to retail,

core values and practices, 57

in government, 53

mechanism used, 55

Public Participation Benchmarking

Conference, 53

Public perception

importance in litigation PR, 331

Public policy decisions

guided by public interest, 405

Public policy group relations

as public affairs function, 14

Public policy process, 14, 59

corporations preempt govern

ment action, 15

related to public affairs, 14, 17

role of interest groups, 59

Public policy publicity, 120

Public relations

advice to grassroots letter writ

ers, 257

assistance in speech writing and

media relations, 427

dealing with an angry public, 78

differing values from lawyers, 329

had ear of CEOs, 405

helps maximize corporate power,

371

importance of negotiation skills, 72

listing of publics, 8

reliance on mass media, 91

staff support to public interest

committees, 422

urged to take initiative with legal

counsel, 329

uses relationship model, 417

Public Relations Coalition

Restoring Trust in Business, 418

Public relations firms in D.C., 236

Public Relations Society of America

(PRSA)

negotiation program, 72

Silver Anvil Awards, 91

supports greater transparency, 424

Public Response Group, 263

Publics,6,8

Purcell, Philip, 399

PUSH (People United to Save Hu

manity), 41

Push technology, 2215

Pulic relations firms in D.C., 236

Public Response Group, 263

Publicity to improve company repu

tation, 427

Publics,6,8

Purcell, Philip, 399

PUSH (People United to Save Hu

manity) boycott of Nike, 41

470 I SUBJECT INDEX

Push technology, 215

Quaker Oats Company, 246

Quayle, Dan, 321

Qwest Communications Int’l., 399

RACE formula in PR, 18

Radio, 140

Raine, Howell, 174

Rainforest Action Network, 40

Rainmaker (The), film, 306

Rand Corporation

Institute for Civil Justice survey,

320

Raptor

special purpose entity of Enron,

390

Rating of reporters, 114

Rather, Dan

Bush national guard story, 173

comments on media activists,

1748

Raynor,J.Bruce,364

RCA, 210

Read, Robert

GM pickup truck story, 193

Readership, decline of, 129

Reagan administration, 348

Reagan, Ronald, 106

debate with Carter, 145

impression management, 145

“the camera doesn’t lie,” 137

getting government off people’s

backs, 385

Rebuttal time, 108

Recency, law of, 43

Record (The), 184

Redux, 335

Reebok, 15

Reed, John S., 392

Reed, Ralph, 12, 253

Registered Traveler program, 358

Regulations

rise in 1960s and 1970s, 224

sometimes sought by business, 38

Rehnquist, William H., 312

denies appearance of medical ex

perts, 334

Relationship model used in public

relations, 417

Relationships

importance in lawsuits, 329

Rely tampons, 339

Rensi, Ed, 75

Reputation, 427

Reputation Institute, 425

Resolving issues, 59

Responsible Care program of Chemi

cal Manufacturers Associa

tion, 15

Restoring trust in business, 418

Retirees as a political asset, 293

Revolving door of lawmakers and

administrators, 238

Rexnord, 244

Rheingold, Paul, 323

Rhody, Ron, 108

Rice, Condoleezza

appeared in Vogue, 128

Richard, Shirley, 145

Rigas, John, 350, 352

Risks

application of mutual gains ap-

proach, 78

R. J. Reynolds, 160–161, 328, 268

Roadshow

restriction on security analysts,

392

Robinson, Christa, CNN spokes-

woman, 127

Robinson, Pat, 210

Rockwell International, 239

Rocliff Associates, 265

Rogers, Roy

develops concept of corporate

campaign, 40

Roll Call, 161

Roop,Jim,91

Roper Center for Opinion Research

business influence on mass me

dia, 372

on polling by TV stations, 122

survey on liberal bias of news

media, 202

Roper Organization, 337

Rosen, Jay

promotes public journalism, 183

Rosenstiel, Tom, 127

Rosenthal, Benjamin, 372

Rosenthal, Steve, 280

SUBJECT INDEX I 471