Лекции по гидрогазодинамике
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I = ∆H
Σ
/L
λ = const
v =
v
u
u
t
2 g
λ
q
d I =
v
u
u
t
8 g
λ
√
r I = C
√
r I .
r = d/4 C =
q
8 g/λ
λ
C
Q = v S
Q = C S
√
r I = K
√
I ; K ≡ C S
√
r .
K
I
L ∆H
Σ
= I L I
∆H
Σ
=
Q
2
K
2
L ,
Q
2
/K
2
C
λ K
h
p
0
h
α
1
v
2
1
2 g
+
p
1
ρ g
+ z
1
=
α
2
v
2
2
2 g
+
p
2
ρ g
+ z
2
+ ∆H
Σ
.
v
1
= 0
z
2
− z
1
=
h h
h =
p
0
− p
2
ρ g
−
α
2
v
2
2
2 g
− ∆H
Σ
.
p
2
= 0
h
( )
h
( )
=
p
0
ρ g
.
ρ ≈ 1000 /
3
760 . . h
( )
≈ 10
v
1
= v
2
= 0
p
1
= p
2
= p
0
∆H
Σ
= H,
H = z
1
− z
2
h
h
H
•
Q
Σ
=
n
X
i=1
Q
i
= 0.
−
•
∆p
Σ
=
m
X
k=1
∆p
k
= 0.
A B
Q
Σ
=
n
P
i=1
Q
i
A B
∆p
(i)
= const
Q
i
n
n
n −1
Q
Q
(Σ)
Q
Σ
= Q + Q
(Σ)
x
Q(x) = Q + Q
(Σ)
1 −
x
L
!
,
L
λ = const dx
δp = λ
dx
d
ρ v
2
2
.
x
Q(x)
v(x) =
Q(x)
S
=
"
Q + Q
(Σ)
1 −
x
L
!#
4
π d
2
.
0 x
∆p
Σ
=
L
Z
0
δp = A
Q
2
+ Q Q
(Σ)
+
Q
(Σ)
2
3
,
A ≡ 8 λ L
ρ
π
2
d
5
.
Q = 0
∆p
Σ
= A
Q
(Σ)
2
3
,
∆ p/p 6 0.05
∆p = λ
L
d
ρ v
2
2
.
p = 0.5 (p
1
+ p
2
)
p
1
, p
2
ρ =
p
R T
.
λ = 0.11
68
Re
+
∆
d
!
0.25
.
• ◦
∆p = 7
∆
d
+ 1922
d ν
Q
!
0.25
ρ L Q
2
d
5
.
∆ /d 1922 d ν/Q
∆p = 46.5 ν
0.25
ρ L
Q
1.75
d
4.75
.
∆ /d 1922 d ν/Q
∆p = 7 ∆
0.25
ρ L
Q
2
d
5.25
.
∆p = . . ∆ , d = c L =
ν =
2
/c Q =
3
/ ρ 0
C p = 760 . .
G = ρ v S = ρ v =
p ↓
v ↑
dx
−dp = λ
dx
d
ρ v
2
2
.
λ (x) ρ(x) v(x)
T =
µ = µ(T ) = , Re = ρ v d/µ = .
λ = λ (Re, ∆ ) =
ρ v =
p/ρ =
p dp = −λ
dx
d
ρ
2
1
v
2
1
2
p
1
ρ
1
.
x 0 L
p
2
1
− p
2
2
2 p
1
= λ
L
d
ρ
1
v
2
1
2
.
p
2
1
− p
2
2
= (p
1
− p
2
) (p
1
+ p
2
)
p
1
− p
2
=
2
2 −
∆p
p
1
λ
L
d
ρ
1
v
2
1
2
.
∆p/p
1
< 0.05
λ
p
1
, p
2
L d, ∆ Q
3
/
ν
2
/c
p
2
1
− p
2
2
L
= 1.45
∆
d
+ 1922
d ν
Q
!
0.25
ρ Q
2
d
5
.
ρ, Q, ν
T = 0
C p = 0.1
∆ /d 1922 (d ν)/Q
p
2
1
− p
2
2
L
= 9.6 ν
0.25
Q
1.75
d
4.75
.
∆ /d 1922 (d ν)/Q
p
2
1
− p
2
2
L
= 1.45 ρ Q
2
∆
0.25
d
5.25
.
v > 50 /