Корнилова Т.В. Смирнов С.Д. Методологические основы психологии

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

ac-ra

eH,4t

. .

l-locrnoa

hrhehcrcKat

\,Itr neplIoAalIiI

pa3lll{TiIIl

l{ayKrI.

flcrrXo.tlolttl'tpe3Bbl'{:riillo

HeoAHopOAHa

c'torrlttl

3peFIrlt

vPoBH.tl

I't

Uanparlilellnji

pa3BrIl'I4ll

C-BOllX

TeOpeTIIqecKI'IX

1pe'A(:t'aBitetIIlii

pa:liltlqHFJIX

IlpcllrlcrlibIX

oa)na(lTsx

rel{ 6o,rec

cocpe

IIeroAIIqecI{1x

Ilvrcii

npoBcpt{rI

rlcuXO,'IOt'tl(IccrI{llx

fl'lIIol'€'3.

aHaJItlll

y}Ke

olrpo5oBaHHbtX

luetOAoJol'llllecKIIX

noilxo/{oB

pe(bneKCIIIl

co6cTReHrlblx

riyTeii

optaHtl:la[I]I1I

l'lcc,le4otsaHut

Ileo6xolillNloe

3Be'110

KpIlTllqecKoii

otler

I K I1

IICIi

XO./IOf

] I

ec ltof

o all Ialt

llr{'

2. 9.

ocrHeKlacchqecKafl

cralue

pa3rur

H ayKH

Ilo

B. C.

Crenuuy

IcrelluH,

2000],

rocr]rcr{,rlaccltqccl(aq

HayKa

+)opNlupy-

eTcrr

B xoAe

lIeTBepToii

r,ro(la-rrlttoii

HayrlHOi"

peBonKJUiIlt'

I{aqaBlileiict{

rlo-

cJteAlteii

l.peTtr

ts. IJ

sToT

neprroA

rr3l{eHgeTctt

caNl

xapaKrep

llavqHoI"l

.IIegTeJrbI{oCTlI

B Cu.rlV

llogBJ'leHllq

lIpU}{IiIIlIrlanbllo

HOBbIX

cpeAcTIl

A66LI-

Rillullt,

XpatIeIIIIt{

lI llcltoltblloBallHq

llayqllblx

3HaIIIIii

npaKTIlt{ecltlI

tsCex

crpepax.ic-rtoReqecKoii

)KII3t{tI.

Cloxttt,ie

AopofocTortllllre

nplla)op}lbIe

KoNI-

11Jrel{cr,r

oa)c-{yigLIB:uolcrl

llcnoirr)3vrcTcfl

5o.qt'uttrttt

l{oJl.uel{TIIBar{ll

t'l

rla-

yltHaIOT

r,pyUnqrtcllrrtpoBaTL

alla-rtol-llql{O

CpeACTI]ai\l

IIpOiUbIIII-IeIIllOf1r

IlpO-

r.t3BoACTIl:t.

ncpet'rii

IIIall

HarlllllAK)T

IJLIABItfaTLcg

NIexilIICUIItIJIIIHapIIbIe

ilccJtelloBiIIHH

lll)O6.]teNItooplletITtrpoBalllIble(bopMl)f

IlccJletroRaTonhcl(oii

AegreJlbrrocrrr.

eu6ope

(eneii

r{ccneAoBiurIIJI

IIapr{/Iy

c II03tlelBiirelrlhHbIN'll'l

BCe

5onbilIyru

poJlb

nfparcT

alrorjolrrIrICcttllc

II colli{aJlb}Io-lloJIll'tIIlIt-'cKlle

rlaxTo1lt

pa6ora

pirNlKaX

r{ol\rr,[enctrrrx

[lpofpaN{]\r

tlpTIBOATIT

I{ CpalrlnRaIIlIIo

e,4rrHoii

cttcTeNIc

Ag;{TCJIbIIocTcii

rcoperltuCcKllx

lI 3I{C11epuNIeHTa'rlb]ILIX'

QyH4alrerrraJlbHbIx

t.t lpult,'lailHblx:lllallllii,

llllTellctt0llliaUrllI

llp,{Mblx

I'l

o6parrrlrx

cB.q3eii

Nlex(Ay

Hrrtr{n.

flocrerrcHrto

crrlpaloTcq

}KecTKlre

fpaHx-

tlbl

Ntex/Iy

KapTllrIilt!{ll

pc.a,'tbHOcTl.t,

BblcTpallBaeNlbltrlLl

pa3JIlttllIblN'lI'I

Hayl(a-

Nrrr,

II IIoJ{It,rIr{IoTCfl

r}parltcurt,t

qc-rlocTrloii

o5uletlaSrvltoii

naprlrtru

ntnpa'

FI()nlte

BO:ltrIolKttoCTU

llOJ'IIIAI{CIitllIJI

tlHapHbIX

I4CC,rIeAOBill{Url

Ilc)3Ro"rlgIOT

ne.rtilTI)

lIx

o6beKTaNIlI

cBepxc-rlo)Kllble

yllrll(aJILHble

cllcTe\{bI,

XapaltTepll-

3ytorrit{ccg

o'l'l(pbl'l'oc:Ibrc

ca}tOpa3BIlTtIe}I.

IIan5o;tee

c-rIoiKIIble

1,1 nep-

crilel(TrlllHbte

rlccJreAoIJalilIfl

TINICIOT

Ae"rlo

c llcTopllqecl(11

pa3BI4BaIOIllHI\lI'l-

cs crrCTOM?iMrr,

uoTopbrc

cl,roplrrrpynr

tspcNleIIe\I

BCe

I{oBble

ypoBHll

cBoeii

opfa]I}13aul{n,IIO,IBJ]cI{UeI{oTopbIXB"{I,I'leTHay}KecyuecTBylouHe'Mc.

Hgq

cBq3tt

ttoN1ItO3Iil{I{ru

}lX

3,'IeIIenToll.

(Dopurtponal{Ile

Ka)Kllolo

HOBofo

ypoB}tgcollpoBo)KAiIeTcHrlpoxo}KAeIItlelvlct{cTel'lqepe3cocTo.qHI4eIIe-

ycTOiirlt{Irofo

pauHollecllq

(ro'llol 6trt}lyprcattull)'

u B

3rl1 IIoN{eilrbI

Ile6onf-

ultre

cr'Ivalai"llbre

Bo3ilciicrrlnrr

NlolVT

IlpIlBe.crll

ll3MeHelIIIK)

IIaIIpaB.,Te-

I In

i.'1

pa:l

filITIIq

u llog

8"4 el

I t{Io

I Io

Il bIX

c'rpy

KTyp'

cauopaarlrnarculnec.q

CHCTeMbt

xapaKTepI{3yloTcg

cIIHepreTnr{ecKHNIn

aQ$exrarrlra

[prrHIIlr[t{aJrbHofi

Heo6paruMocrblo

npoueccoB.

B3auN{oaeii-

CTBUC

qC,'IOBEKA

TAI(NMI{

C?ICTCMAM}I

'TBTTfl'CTCI'

qENT-TO

BHETIHIIN{'

A KAK

6lI sx,,Iro.JaeTct

B cucTeMy,

H3MeHtt

Kax(ablfi

pa3 IIOne

Bo3MOiICHrIX

CO-

CToflHuiI.fIpn

arolt

ue,'IoBeK

I,IMeeT

Ae,'Io

c xecTKl{ivlt{

[pe.(MeT]IbIMll

cBoI"I-

cTBaMI,I,

CO CnOeo6pa:lHbIMI{

KOHCTe,TUIqIIHSMI,I

BO3N{OXHOCTefi'

U [epeA

HUM

I(axAblii

pa3 BO3HI{KaeT

[po6,'reMa

Bbl6opa

:nILHII]1I pa3BllTrrfl.

lI3 MHoXeCTBa

IryTefi

3Bonrouulr

ctrcTeMbr.

lIpH

sTOM

CaM

Bbr6op

Heo6paTHM

rIaUIe

Bcero

rlroxeT

6Urt

oAHoeuaqHo

[pocql{TaH.

co3AaIOTCq

HoBbIe

MeTOAbI

[peA-

cKa3aHr{g

nocTpoeHr{e

cueHapl{eB

BO3MOXHbIX

nt{HIlii

pa3BIITH'

CIICTeNIbI

Tor{XaX

6nSyprcaqlru.

uAeanoM

]IayKH

KaK

aKcHoNIaTI'IKo-AeAyKTI'IBHoii

cncreMbr

Bce

6orbue

KoHKyptrpyrcr

MeroAbI

l{croprlqecKofr

pexoucrpyxuut't'

paHee npnN{e}I.sBillHec.'I

IIpeHMyulecTBeHHO

ryl\{aHHTapHblx

HayKax'

flocrnexnaccnqecKar

HayKa

coBpeN{eHHas,

cTaAAfl

pa3BI{TllI{

HayYHO-

3Hal{trs,

Ao6asrgloulaq

x t{,4eanaM

HelsraccuqecKolt

IrayKu

Tpe6oBaHuq

)

{eTa

UeHHOCTHO-UeJ'IetsbIX

yCTaHOBOK

)^{eHOrO

eIO

"IHqHOCTII

UeJIOII'

3rn

rpe6ona

Hnfl

To,lbKO

rrpoTHBopeqaT

IlAea,'IaM

O6beKTUBHOCTU

HayqHofo

3HaH:|^s,,

Ho H

.f,Br.qrcTc.rr

ero

ycJIoBIIeM.

Taxag

nocTaHoBlta

Bo-

IIpoca

[epeKJ'[IKaeTCfl

C rroH]INlaHr,IeM

orrpe.4eneHHoii

qacTLI

HayqHoro

3Ha-

HHg

KAK

3HAHIIq

II,IIIHOCTHOTO

(NO

IIOIAUIT).

2.1 0.

flocrnosrruBhcrcKae

rpaKToBKa

pa3Bhrufl

HayKA

flpetrcraueHne

[ocTHeKJraccnqecKot"I

KapTHHe

Mllpa

TecHo

cBq3aHo

pa3BtrTr{eM

rrocTn03r,ITtrBI4CTCKOfi

rplr,roco<flru.

fIoctnosurnBIi3M

npeA-

[oJIalaeT

IIpeoAoJIeHIte

IIo3I{TIIBI,IcTcKIIX

I4 IIeollo3IITHBHcTcKHx

IIoAXoAoB

K nocTpoeHI4rc

HayqHoro

3HaHI4q.

(rn.rrocodrr,rH

flocrno3llrHBI'I3Ma

rIoHcK

HoBblx

KpI'ITepI'IeB

pauHoHaJIb-

HocTHnpoXoAI{JIIIoApyrI{MMeToAonornqecKIiMocHoBaHI{'M'qeMIIpI{Me-

HHTeJrbHo

CTaAL[t

HeK,rraccnqecKoii

HayKU.

Haue'reuHocTb

Ha IIoJ1yqeHl{e

o6rexrranHoro

3HaHtrs

6blna

saN{eHeHa

UAeefi

IvIHO)KeCTBeHHOCTI4

llcTHHbI

r4 flyTefi

[o,'IyqeHI'I.s.

flpeAcraueHHoe

rroHrrMaHI{e

ilocTHeKJIaccuqecKoro

3TaIIa

pa3BI4TI{ll

HayKrr

orupaeTcq

HoBbrft

nAeaJr

paUHoHaJIbHocrII,

Koropblli

6lr,r

o6o-

cntnan

Onnocoonu

flocrrro3nrrrBH3Ma.

lIar.r6o,ree

flpKr{M

npeAcraBHre-

Tepvnlt

<<caMoopfallu3yroulagcr

cr{cTer\{a>

6r,t,r

ngeAeu

s 7947

r.3ru5H

s ero

nfIp''tilurrax

caMoopraHrI3aUr.tLr

Auuarvr14r{ecKoii

c}.IcTeMtl'>.

eToM

nolarun

$orcy-

cr.rpona.nucl

pna npo6,rev

reoperuvecxorl

rcu6eptteTuxtr

n 50-e

rr. XX

floroNl

ouo

BOTTIIO

6no.norurc,

coutloJrofHro;

Bo3HHK"lU

npeacTaB,'lellnr

o calraoo6y'rarcuI{xct

caNropa3BItBaK)uIHXCg

CHCTeMax.

l-Aasa

2. hcrophn

passNrrtr

h coapeNaeFtHure

npeacraeneHran...

rervr aroro I{anpaBJTeH}rr

Bbrcryrrr{Jrr

lI.

(Deiiepa6errA,

poAnBrrrnitcs

Beue

al{eprrKaHcrrEfi

QlrnocoQ

(1924

199 4), xoropu ii BBe,'l

rpeAcrasreHrre o6

uppaulrolraJrbrrbrx npHTepr4flx pa3BuTr4q

IrayKlr.

rpnruxoBaJl

ltoJro)KeHnx

llonnepa r.r .Ilaxatoca o

Bo3Mo)r{}rocrn rrpn-

6r'uxeuug

It Hcrlrne rra rrvru

cMel{br rrayqHbrx

reoptrfi. B or,rlr.{I4e or cropoH-

HrlKoB

HeoIIo3KTr.IBHsua

Oeliepa6eHAc,rLrraJr

ueo6xo4l.rltull pacclrarpnBarb

TeoperHr{ecKyro Harpy)Kenrrocrb

HayrrHbrx nossrnii

H [peAcraB.rreunfi xax

Heo6xoAr.Ilr,rui tcolrnorreur

pa3BHTrI.s

r{ayKlt. Ho c etl.ru

cB.q3aH r

4pyroit

acnel(T ero rloAxoAa:

trpr{3Harrue,

qro

KaiKAa.s reopnr co3Aaer csoli

.qebrx

orrvcarrg.

Qatcron

rr cBorr JrofI{Ko-MeroAoJrorrrqecKne

crarrAaprbr

HX orrbrr-

uori

nponepxn. floarony reopr{rr

craHoRrrrc.q

Hecorr3MepHMbrMr.{.

uec-

rro[lrepoBcroro

npu6,ru)Kerru.a

K r.rcrrrHe rrocpeacrBoM

r(oHr(ypr.rpyrcuux

reoplrl:r 6lt,rr

sltAsHHyr rrplHutrlr

[JrropaJr[3Ma KaK

cocyuecrBoBaHH{

pa3-

HbIX TeopHI"r, Hrr oAHa r.r3 Koropbtx

tre Mo)Ker r,rr\,ferb

craryca 6o,ree

ucruH-

uofi.

qacrHocrr{,

roroMy,

qro

rlo6a.s reopr{.g

yr1l1totou"T

yKJIaAbI-

Balou{ellc.s B ee

pyc"rro

r}arcro,rornlr.

Kpoue roro, aror npIIHqL{r 03Har{aer

lpaBo

nrr5opa aa Hcc,rreAoBareJre]r,

xaroii N{eroAoJrorr,rn

eMy nplrAep)Krr-

Barbcs. VI snea,

He luoxer 6url Hrtraxoro <<MeroAo"noruqecroro

[pr{Hy}rc-

AeHn.a>.

Orparl.rueuue

n eu6ope

ypoAyer

pa3Br.rrl,re,

aro

HecoBN{ecru-

r\{o

c [p]rHurl

nal{u

ryNraHr.r3N{a

pa3B

IITrrq uHavBI4

a]brrocTtr.

Blrecro trp]{HurrrroB uepuQnraqutr

rpa"tlcnSurarlnu

rn[ore3 Oefiep-

a6euAolnl

6lrr

nrrAsltrryr rrpr{HrIr{n

Ko}rrplrHAyKrItrr{,

r,rJrr.t lrporr{BouHAyr(-

uI{14,

npeArlo,rararcurtl

B03Nro)KHocrl o5r'gcHeHl{q

uaKoIIJ'IeHHblx

paN{-

Irax oArroii reoperur(o-aMrllrpr4rrecKoit

rurolrr rlaxror

c noenllrrfi

lpyrorl,

KoHKyprrpyrcueii

TeopI4I4; rloHcI(

aJlbrepHarrrsHr'rx o6T,.qcHeHr{ii

B npo-

IILTIOM;

]I3MeHeHIre

CI\{bICJ'IOBbIX

I{OHTeI{CTOts

B]\,teCTO Or6paCr'tnaHrI.rI

He cOoT-

BercrByloulux

$axrau

reopllii.

yclornxx

HeorrpeAeJ'reHHocrrr

u HacJ'loe-

Hll.'I cMbIcJ'IoB cKopee N{oxHo

o}Kr,rAaTb

TBopr{ecTBa H rlpopblBoB

B r{oBbrx

HanpaBIeHHqx.

Harcoueq,

(Deiiepa6en4olr

6lr,ro

npeAJro)KeHo

[ptrBJ'reKarb raKne <<

BHe-

IrayqHble cpeAcrBa>,

xax vltrpo-rrofrtrIecKIIe, pe,'rlrfI{03Hbte

vrn

AI4neraHT-

cKne rlocrpoeun.q. floc,'le4lree

coBepuellHo

HecoBMecrnt{o

c non[epoBcKHM

rIoAxoAoM,

rro

I(oropoMy HayKa

He 3aHHNraercg,

JtvJ6bruvr rr4rrore3aMLI

u no-

crpoeHI,r.q Hayqrrbrx

reopnti nporpeccraoHa,'IoM

IropHe orrltqalorc.fi or

<<ao-

raAoK>

ArIJ'IeraHTa.

flo oruoureHlttro

K rrcuxolerlrlr,

Koropyrc,

KaK IrHcaJr

A. B. IOpernq, BaxJrecrHyJIa BoJrHa

nppaurroHzL/rH3Ma,

gror

rrpr{HuHrI

KaK

paa

Mo)Kuo

cqr,rrarb

peaJILI3oBaHHuu.

lpyroii

Bonpoc

ouerrKa

ero rInoAoB.

I4rarc, n [oc'rHeKJIaccnqecxoft KaprI{He

MI,Ipa rtocrerreHHo yxoAr{T

3aA-

ulrli

nraH vr

Hp1efl IIcrHHlrocrrr n03HaHI{.{ (orcrc4a yrrper

rrocrrro3uTlrBIt3\,{a

B Llppautaorra/ruslre),

uvraeaJrbr

<<ueHHocTHo

nefirpa,rrrroro>

HccreAoBaHr,l.q;

aKcHo,'Iofr.rr{ecxuii

$axrop

Har{[HaeT

BXOAHTb

B cocTaB

o6lgcusloulHx

IIO-

roxeHHii;

BHeHayr{Hble

cpeAcrBa

(utl(;, pe'rnrux,

urpa)

yxe He IIporl{Bono-

cTaB,rrgloTc.g

co6crneuHo

rlayqlloMy

TeopeTul(o-sMIItlpHqecKoMy

rt03HaHlIIo'

Eclu

n K,,IaccuqecxoM

Tune

paul{oHaJ'IbHocrl{

ea cro6rlt

BbIHocIITct

Bce,

qro

OTHoCT{Tcq

x cy6terry

I4 CpeACTBal\{

elo

AeTITeJIbHOCTH'

B HeK,'IaCCHtIecKOM

TI4ne

PauI{OH'LTIbIIOCTII

peaJlI{3yeTC.s

ycTaHoBKa

0T}IOC}ITeJ'IbHOCTL

HCTIIH-

HocTI{

3IIaHI,Ifi

c roUxn

apeHH.a

I,l3MeHeIIll.tI

CBol"tCTB

o6r'erra

I43yqeHI'It

cpeA-

cTBaMU

(lopUaUU IIo3HaBaTeJIbHoft Ae.gre,lrtlocTl{,

To IIoCTHeKJIacCIIqecXI{ii

rI{[

paqnolla,'IbHocrlr

rpe6yer

yrlera He ror'Iblto

cpeAcrB

II [poueAyp

rlo3Ha-

Hr,rg,

Ho LI

IIeHHocTHo-IIeJIeBbIX

ycTaHoBoK

cy6'oer<ra

no3ItaBaTeJILHoii Aeq-

Te"rrbHocTr{,

3HaqtrT,

}r efo

JIITTIHOCTHbTX

xapar(Tepncrl{K.

BepHeMcg

MbI

K 3TOMy

f/raBe

7, upeAcrana5lr

3apoxAeHrre

[ocTHeK"IIaCCnqeCI(oH

ncIIXO-

JIOTI4H.

f'l ocrno:

hrN eHcrc

Kat

J. 1 .

C)co6erl ro(.Th I rcr.r\onor hqecKoro 3r JHrlt

(DrrocoOun

Matevarura

florura

'a4

Kra6epHerrxa

./l

fleAarorlrqecrag

ncrlxo'|ofh9

la;:)t:

O6utas

'r'

EctecreeHtisre

HayKh

Puc.2. KraccrQrraqr,lq

HayK no

6. M. Kegpoey

qetrI

B l-coJ'IollltIecKIIX, 6ltciJto|tl,tccrKltx

Apyfrlx

cJroiKtIbIX cIIc'IeNIitx.

B ctt,ry

JToii ocro5c'Ilt{oc'r'l

IrctIXoJIol-uII

KotlI(pe'rHofo

rIcJIoBeKa

llo,rry(ic}ltbtc

o Iler,I

3l141ilIfl

qac'ro

vcTal)elJ:rrcT

pzrllbure,

rIcNI

l,Ibt

ycileell

lrx rlcllor'tb:loBaTb.

fIpoqeAvpn II

Nrero/llr{rl IIcIlxoror}rqecrrofo

lrcc,{eAoBaHlrq

rr o5cJleAoBa-

HUfl

ItClt3SeXllo

Bltocgl'I13[.le]tcHltq

B tl3yqaellyrc

pc:L-il,IlocTb.

Ilo,roxerttrc

3ro

rrpn3rrae'rcs HeK,'raccrrqecKori

Hayr{oii cllpatse/lJr]lBbrr{

lurg

.{}06oro

Hayq-

IIOfo

IICCtr'leAOtsiiIIIIt, IIO B C"'lyrlile

lICllXo"rIOIllII OHO

IIOCIIT IIaCTOJII'Ito

CyUIe-

cTllellHblii

xapatt'Icp,

IITO,

IIO tllHeltIlro

IteKOTOpbIx aBl'opoB,

3allilllax)t{r.tx

rpaiittttc

lctlxorL'xuIIttecKIIe

ilo3Llllilu, JIn6oe t{3yqeillte

rcl.Ixo,rtoftlrtcclclx

rllettclue'ttrill

Iroi,rier

(rttrl

pe:u'lnotsauo

'r'o,rrbrio

IraK Ilpo[ccc

IIX o/IHoBpexleH-

rlofo nopoxrAel{firr

rrJlit

(loprrrrltoaeruilrr.

caMbrii rrpocToii ltprrN,rep:

rr3r,{ep.r{t

Koa(bd)IUlilcilT

lIIITC'.r"rIeK1'yiulblloct'll

ucroBeKa, BLI ollrioBpeNletIHO

ll3\,tell.qe-

clo,

IISo IIOCIe llbllloJllrerillt

TecTa Bo3Io)KIlocTrI pctIIeIlltJl

llcirbrl'ycNfbl]\.I

alliuloflrr{llbrx

3a?'lart B 6yllyuc,\I 3llaqI'reilt)rio

Bo3pacTvT.

Ecltt

.te"toget<

IloJllit-rl

tllITerTJIeKTliuIbIIL,Iii TecT IrepBr,tii

l)a3

B i{}Ii}Ir!1, T0

npflpocT ero

Bol]-

Nto;ulIOcTeii

pe[rellrflr

ilirll.rlofrrrilrllx 3aAa1{

(ly/lVtttclt

Aoct'Irraer

10 [po-

IIeII1\)R. llce cro ttlte;1trgB.r1ttCT ocoa)btc'tpc5OBaHIIrt

I{ TII{aTe"rlbtIoCTII

Otit.tcaltur{

car'loii crI])'aItHII IICIIXO.[ofIIrtccI(ofo

trc]cirr-i(o]raillt-q

fl,{il o6cner'lotsaItll,{,

Itc-

IIO-ill,llVcNIl,lx llpolleA.yl)

[ CpeAcTI], xapitl{Teptlcl'LIIt

IIClli,ITVe}lofO

u 3licnL-pll-

Inaea

Cneuu$uxa

ncuxoAorHvl

MeTOAOAOrUU

fleAarorrra

3.1.

Oco6eHHocrr

nchxolonlqecKoro

3lalun

yxe

orMeqar'

B rJIaBe

1 rlelufi

pa4

oco6euHocrerl

ucnxoJlorl4qecKoro

3lraHrrs,

I(oropbre

Ae,Tanr

B3allMo3aBr,rcrrMocrrr

MexIy

rrcnxoJrorneri

lre_

ro40aorrefi

Hayr(t

oco6eHHO

TeCHh_JMr,l,

a pa3BI{Tr{e

B3al,rNroo6yc.non-

,TeHHbr[{.

K vlrc,ry

naxrreiiulrx

oco6euHocieri

raxoro

poou

or"oa,

rcfl

cne-

.4yroufie.

O6t

exr

ncaxoJrornn

- oArra

r{3

caMbrx

c,,IoxHbIX

nol(a

erue

nJroxo

ortpe_

AeJIeHHbIX

pea-nlHocrerl,

Koropble

ror4a_,rrr6o

craHoBHJIIrcb

npeaMeroM

Hayr{Horo

aHaJ'*r3a.

Illnporyro

H3BecrHocrb

fioJryqur

xa,rarr,r6yp

3fiH_

urteiiua

o.roM'

{TO

or{3Hqec*ar

reopn,r

3TO

AercKas

Hrpa

cpaBHeHrlo

c reopueli

AercKorl Hrpbr.

ncuxo-rorr{r4

coBrraAaror

cy6rercr

[o3Ha'r.rr

(rro

no:rraer)

o6r,err

''o3HaHU'S

(Vro

nosnaerca).

r{acrHOCTH,

O6rerrou

noyuroao'no3'aH',

craHoBarc'q

caM

rlpouecc

[o3Halr,.rr.

3ro

Aaer

ocHoBaHHe

Mrro*rM

Hay-

I{oBeAaM'

Haq'}{a-q

c raKlrx

yHr4BepcaJrbHblx

Mblc,rlnre.[eii,

rar

fl"narou

Apucrore,rl,

orBoAr.rrbncr.rxoJrorr,rH

rleHTpaJrbHoe

Mecro

pa3Jrr,rr{Hbrx

KJrrac_

'rslrraquxx

Hayr.

Ke4pon

(1g03-1g85)

nolrerqaer

n.""oro.roo

rIeHTp

rpeyro,'rbHHKa,

rpex

BeprrxHax

Koroporo

pacfioJrararcrca

Quro-

co$crHe,

ecrecrBeHHbre

I{ coqra,rbHbre

HayKu.

flplr

arou

Marer{arrrKa,

JIo-

rnKa

u rcw6epwetuxa

Haxor.rlTcr

crbl*e

sn,rocoQcr,X

ecrecrBeHHbrx

HAYK;

TCXHUKA

MCNIIqT.HA_

CTbIKC

ECTECTBCHH'IX

CO(I{AJIbHbIX,

neAaroruIKa

crbrxe

coqr4;LnbHbrx

eu"rrocoScKr.rx

Hayr( (puc.2).

flcnxu,rec*re

[poqeccbr

eeuolreHr,

np"rrrlrne

HeAocrynHu

o6rex_

TI4BHOMy

BHerrIHeMy

na6nogeuulo,

3aro

3Harrlrrer,IbHa.g

qacrb

or-

KpblBaercr

cy6ler<ry

npoqecce

caruoHa6lrcIeHua

(nurpocneKUnu),

orrI{parcueroc.q

KaKHe-To

cpeAcrBa

rpe6yrcruero

oco6ux

opraHoB

Bocnp,''T,'t'

aHarorilqHblx

opraHaM

qyBcrB,

npn

Ha6,rrc4"n"t

"" "rr",u-

Hunalr

o6lerralrlr.

Ilcnxo,rorruecrue

csorlcrna

n oco6enHocrn

qeJroBeKa

Haxo/I.grc.s

B Helpe_

pbIBHOM'3MeHeHH?r

HpasB'lThrn,u

c*opocrb

3Tr,rx

H3r\leHeHufi

ropaa40

nrrure,

MCHTATOPA.

BCC

ErU

N{OI{CHTbI

'IBJ'I'IOTC'

IIPOCTO

YCJ'IOBI'I'\,II,I

IIOJI\,qCHII,

ICI{XOJ'IOIUqeCKOIO

3HaHI{t,

IIO

COCTaBJI9TT

CaMO

efo

<<Te"rIO>>.

lloc,re

npoBerell

l'rt

flcrlxoJ'roruqecKoro

I{cc,rre/,IoBa}r}rt

l{3rIe'rrerc.s

TO"IbKO

H3yr{aeMbui

o6:beKT,

rr caN{

r,rccJreAoBare

Jrb,

116c.,y:]r{aB

r{eqro

Ho-

BOe

O IICHXHKe

qeJroBexa,

oH y3Haer

Heqro

HoBoe

o ce6e.

Kar

crp&Beflrr{Bo

oTNreqaerct

ceroAHq

l\.rHorr{Mrr

aBTopaMr.r

(cl,r.,

rralpHlrep:

frtnleHpeiirep,

19BB)'

rclIXoJ'IorI'It

3To

rlayKa

IIe

ro,'tbKo

Ilo3Harolqar{,

rro

r.r KoHcrurvr{py-

IOUIa.q,

C03HAaIOIUa.q

rIeJIOBeKa.

flcuxo-[oruqecKoe

3Harlrle

o6,raAaer

crlJrbHo

BbIpa)KeH[ror)i

anrr.ruHori,

4ericrnyrcqeit

cocras,'rnlouleri.

flcuxolor

He'roJ'rbKo

r43yqaer

qeJrotsexa,

TaK)(e

KOHCTpyrIpyeT,

rION{Or-aeT

eNry

cTaTb

r{eJroBeKoN{,

poAnTbc{

KaK

J'IHqHOCTb,

H3MeHtrbc.g,

pa3RilBarbct

KaK

qeJ'IoBexy.

3ra

co3IrAareJ,IL'Ha'

rpyrrnqux

KaqecrBe

o6oporuorl

croporrbr

rrecer

ce6e

onacrrocrb

rexHo-

Kparr'rqecKofo,

ruaHr.rnyJ'rrrr{BHOfo

rroAxoAa

qeJ'roBeKy.

ocosHaHue

IIpr{_

BTIBKy

nporr,rB

eroii

onacnocrrr

Mo)Ker

o6ecre,rnrl

npexAe

Bcer-o

NreroAo-

JIOf I4r{ecKoe

3}IaHLIe

B eI'O

aKCI4OJ'IOrtr.{ecKoti

cocraR"rrgrculeii.

flcltxo,rorrr.{ecKoe

3Ha}rr,e

rrecer

6o-rrlrxyto

N{r.rpoBo33perrqecftyro

Har-pya-

Ky'

[ocKo"rIbKy

oIIO

HMeer

caMoe

HerlocpeAcrtseHHoe

orHoIIrerJlJe

orBeraN,{

Borlpocbl

cyrrlHocTr.l

I{rrHocTH;

rrpl4poAe

rle,rroBeqecKrrx

r{ensocreti,

onpeAer.sloullx

orHo[IeHIIe

I\'I[py;

cMbrcJ,re

cyruecrBoBar[{fl

r{eJ'roBeKa

efo

MecTe

l{r.{pe.

flocxo"rtlrcy

uAeH,

BHeApreurre

coo6lrecrBo\,r

trcr,rxoJ,rofoB

s o6uecreerr-

HOe

Co3Har{He,

oKa3bIBa}OT

np.{Nroe

BJ'rLrflHr.re

rra rpopultpoBar{ue

Hopr.r

IIpa_

BI{JI

tIoBeAeHI'Iq'

IIeHHocreI"I

I{Aear'IoB

orAe,'IbHbrx,rrcIeii,

rpyrrn

o6u1e-

crBa

B IIeJ'IOM'

nCI{XOJ'rOfr{

uecyr

oco6yn

orBercrBeHnocTb

rrayrrHyro

o60cHosauHocrb

AOCTOBepHOcTI

ny6,rrtryeAlbrx

pe3y.rbraroB

rrccJ,reAo-

saHI'Iii,

KoppeKTHocrb

BbIBoAoB,

tlecrHocrb,

HcltpellHocrb

orKpbrrocrb

cnoefi

uayvHoii

noallqnu.

B ncnxo,ror[r.r

recHee,

,reN{

rro6ori

apyroii

ua_

yKe,

o6rexrHBHbIe

KoMrloHerrrbr

3HaHH.q

cfiaqrrbl

ero

cy6t,enruunorrn

(,ruvuocrHuMr.r

MopaJrbun

)

KoMrrorreHraMr.r.

Hapx4y

c orBercrBenHocrbro

3a pe3yr,rbrarlr

rbyHAauenra,,rbrrbrx

rtccJte_

AOSaHUT1

r{ Bbr3brBaeMlrfi

o6Hapo4onaHneu

o6u{ecrseuunfi

pe3oHaHc

TICHXOJIO|H-TIPAKTI,IKI,I

HECYT

MCHbUIYIO

OTBETCTI]EHHOCTb

KAqCc'ftsO

o6ocHosaHHocrb

3ar(nrcqeHl.rii

no pe3yJ'rbraraN{

rtcuxo"[or-uqecxux

o6c,te-

AOnau[ri

rI 3Kcneprrl3,

BbIrroJIHgeMbIx

Iro 3aKa3y

orAeJ'IbHr'rx.aro4eii,

pa60-

ro4are,reii,

yvpexAeuufi

o6paaonaHn.q,

3ApaBooxpaHeHur

rrnr,

.y4"6Hor"

opraHoB.

3Aecr

ueo6xoArrMo

crporo

Bbrrro"rrH.srb

rpe60eaurra

npo6"..rro-

HaJIbHoro

MopaJlbl{ofo

KoAeKca

He roJIbKo

IrJrar{e

coS,rrcAeHuq

craHAap-

ToB

npoBeAeHus

o6c,reAosaunii

H sKcneprr,r3,

r,r

B orHorueHnr{

ucroJrrb-

3OBaHH.q

r4x pe3yJrbTaToB.

Oco6ennocrh

nchxolorhgecKoro 3HaHHt

flcu xo,rortr.q, s.B Jrtrtrcb oA HoBpeMeHHo

ecrecrBeunoii u ryu anurapHoit

rrayror."r,

ncnonb3yer caulrii urrpoxuii crreI{Tp MeroAoB

u IIpoqeAyp trcc,'Ie-

AonaHrrs

rro cpaBrrerrrrro c

,rrc6ori

lpyrori

Hayxoii.

B ncrrxo,roLr{rr rapanneabno cyrrlecrByer

rIHo}KecrBo napaAlrrN{, Koro-

pble, OAHa)KAL,I [OtBtIBI[I'tCb, He CXOA.qT CO CUeHLI

nOpOii B Ter{eHlle CTO,le-

rnii.

Ouu

<<3acrpeBaror>>

craAurr <<HopMaJrbuoii Hayxn> no T. KyHy,

a IIOCTOSIItrO

IIpOrrCXOAtlIUle NtUHII-peBO"'IK)UIIII

nlIIrIb TIOpOXAaIOT HOBbIe

Nlr{Hr1-flapaAnrMr,r,

rrro

co3/Iaer

aQr]err repMalrerrrfroro Kpr{3Ilca B HayKe

r{ rrepMaHeHTnoil

penolrculrn.

Bce sro

Aaer

ocHoBaHrle

p.flAy

I{ccJIeAoBare-

,reii ronoprrrb o ror\{,

rrro

nclrxo,'lorlrfl HaxoAr,rrcs

AonapaArrrtunalnHoit

cra1lrlt

pa3tsr.rrr,r.q

rr B aroM clrbrc,'re He

qBJ'r.qerc.g

paanuroii

HayKoI"r IIJIH

(xpairHxa

rorrKa 3peHHx) ue an.rrxercr nayxoii noo6ue.

flonapa4lrllranlsrrii

rrJrr,r rroJu{[apaAHfMaJrr,HbII"I

craryc Ilcuxo,'Iorr{rre-

cxor"r rrayK[

rrpilBen K ToN{y,

qro

s uel'r MoH6rarr aM[npnqecKux

$arron

Mo116,rarr reoplrii

o6pasyrcr raxoii rpyAuopacq,'IeHrlNIttii clrHxper,

qro

npu

oIIucallrIlI [crlXonoruqecxor"t

pea,tunocrII

HeBo:]iuoltt]Io crolr'xo-Hu6yAl

IOC,rIeAOBaTe,'IbHo

peaJltl3OBaTb

OAUH IIOAXOA' rle lptlB,rleKat

IIOH.ITILtI H

o6rqcuure,'mHbre rrplrHullrrbl

pa3HbIX

Teopufi, vacro nporl,IBopeqI{BbIx

rrAarre

HECOBMECTIIITT,TX. BOSHI,IKAIOUII4E

TIPII 3TOI!T KO,'IJIH3I{I'I MACKI,IPYIOTC'. I'IJIII,

pa3peuarorcx

$oprvranrHo

nyreM nepeorrpeAeneH[.q orAe,rbHlrx nouarttti,

a lre BHyrpeHueri

nepecrpoiinn

sceii

crrcreMbr rrcrrxo,TornqecKoro 3HaHI{t.

B rcrlxo;roruru

cr{x rtop He rrpor{3orxno

AocraroqHo

nonHoro

qerl(oro

pa3Me)KeBar{rrs

HayqHofo

H oKonoHayqHofo r{

Aa)Ke

oTKpoBeHHo [ceBAOHa-

yqHoro

3HaHrrfl. Ecau acrporroNru.q lo,'rHocrbrc

orrlle)KeBalracb or acrpoJlo-

rnu,

xl{MI,I.q

oT a,'IXUMLIU, TO TICUXO.[OrIr.fl fOpa3AO Teplllrlee

OTHOCHTC.q K

[aparrcuxonorrru

qacro

rrbrraercx

(He

6ea [o,'rb3br

AJrs

ce6a) accuuurupo-

Barb

orrbrr xnrelicxoii [cnxo,'rorulr. flpoltexyroqHoe

rIoJIorteHI{e B sroilt

orHoruerrlrr{ 3aHl,rMaer

rrclrxoaHarlrre. fIocs.{uleH}{bre eMy rJIaBbI MoxHo uaft

Tlr [parTuqecxlr

s arc6oM aKaAeMuqecKou

yve6Hlrre

ncuxoJloruu,

B To Bpe-

N{q KaK nan$o"rorr.rvecxlrii

xapaxrep nc[xoaHaJlnrlr,{ecroit Teopuu u

6ont'-

nrr.rHcrBa

ee KoHcrpyKToB TaKiKe

o6ulenpueuaH B aKaAeMnqecKHx Kpyrax.

Taxaq HerrocJleAoBare,'rbHocrb.rrB,,Igerc.s

pe3yJrbraroM

l{eAocry[Hocru LI3y.

rreHu.q

Hau6o,ree

c,'roxHbrx rrcr,rxoJ'rorlrqecnux

QeHoueI{oB

c noMolqbIo

Ao-

craroqHo crporr.rx

MeroAos. I4 o[paBAaHr{e

(Dpefila

cJIoBaMu roera

Pnx-

repra

<.qero ue

Aocrur{b

tro,'reroM,

AocTrlr{b

MoxHo xpoMaJI

<...>.

Kax

llucaulre

roBopr{r: xpoMarb

He rpex>>

[{Dpefu,

1992, c. 255] nuslrnaer BltonHe

o6t

rc-

III{NTOC

COI{YBCTBUE. B ETONA OTIIOUIEHITI{ 6,TTTXC BCEX K

IICI4XOJIOII'II{

CTOIIT

MeAr{uHHa. C,re4yer,ru

roBopr{Tb 6<uluolry, vro uayrca 6eccI{JIbHa

eMy

no-

MOr{b, r{ 3allperlarb

ucr10,'Ib3oBaHlre He rrpoureArxnx Hayr{Hylo anpo6aqurc

cTaprrr{Hbrx

[,'Iu HoBoMo4H b] x

pelleltrog,re.reHug?

lnaaa

Crrer

MeTOAO^OTV

U tlCtlXO

AOr

V 11

3.2.

HeHayqHoe

nchxonorHqecKoe

3HaHhe

H BO3MOXHOCTb

nCHXOAOrhqecKoro

3HaHH9

KaK

HayqHoro

B pasnttrtlt

rcuxo.rtofnqccriol'o

3tIalrItg

c\rtrtccrBCltrro

rrctI.,{-[]tcb

Kpln.eputl

rraylrrrocrtl.

FJci;1o

crrx

trop,

lntcrrrrro

I(. IIorrrrelta,

trer ycrorBtrrrJxc,

ripy-

TeplICB,

KoToptile

Ilo3Ro.4ll.rlII

6r,t

ottire.lc.ltITL,

f/{c tiorrrlaerc:r

lrttcp

gagtlrr4-

ercq'l'L'optrq,

rre

Irlte.,'ro

llecro

npo3pcillte,

a frle

3a6.{v}K/leHrre.

PO.Ub

ROS_

epeulrii,

orleHeHHbrx

nax

sii6,'ryix.rlel{rrt,

Nlotricr.

6r,r.U,

o,ro.n,,,.

rnprrc,.rrr.rttoii.

tta crtetty

anllo5tlltonalrrtoii.

orrrrrprrqccKrr

<<rpaBrrJrbHoii>

reopulr

NrolKCT

ttpttt"rrtt

HoBilq,

ItoltK-Vl)lpynrtqaa.

l{o

o6t,t.1rg

t\{o)KIro

pa3-rlrrlll.f1

C}{cTerIbl

Tcopc'ntrreci(r.tx

no,iroxerrttii,

rrpcr-uo.n;ltax)rrlr.lx)

rITo

otln

uNletor

orlorlerrll€)

Nlllpy pcanbllOCTtI

(.rt-la

uc uxo-trorrrrrectrrlX

r.coprrii

ot.o

r,tp

cy6r,cxrrrnrroii,

ll"qlt

IICIIXO,itofIlrJecKor"r,

pca,lt,ttOcrt.t),

II lro,rtolKelrgii,

rte

ttaqe.teglrrrx

co_

orlreceHrre

MIIpa

reoplrtl

I{ r\rrlpn

pea.lbrrocrrl.

Ilepnr,te

BCel/I2l

IrpeAIroJllfa_

Ior

tso3r\roiKlrocr-b

rrx

ecpirrflruarlrrll

rrJ'rfi

(ra,ur'crufrrrrr:rrlrrrr

(c.rr.

rrrany

2).

Hapaly

c ]tayrtHO-ItcI'txo.''oflltrt-cI{'Nr

3rli-l}rr'Ierl

cyrrlecrBylor

rar{ge

efo

BLIr'Ibl,

I{oTOpble

IIe

lpeTefirrlytoT

c.t.aTvc

ItavqHoc.flr,

IIo

I]bIIro"rIHrII{lT

Ra}K_

rrr,ie

{ryrrnrlr.rr{

0prrerrrarlrjr{

noBeAeHrrr

(re-rroBer(a,

llcrre}11r

rrNr

rrpan-

TIITIeCKIIX

)Klt3lIeHIIbIx

3aAlq

1'{l}Ke

Rr'lpa6lolxc

CI1cTet{

tlettrr11cretli

rlltpoBo33pellllrl

B l{ci'loi\t.

Pe'rI'

Llrler

xtrreiictrott

u xv/(o}Kecruel{lroM

I]CI,IXOJ'IOf

IIqCCKONI

3HATI

III].

Xnretlicroe

tIcI.txoJ'IorlrqecKoc

3ita]utc

orjllqaercg

Ilavrntofo

rro

c,rte_

r,lytot

til

u I |ll

palteTl)lrIt:

o6-naAaer

6o,rlrueii

nolKllcrloclbro,

trrelrbtuerj

odo6ulc.rrnoclbru

rra_

TIPABJTCI'IO

}IA

PCtUCII]IC

NPCII[IVIIICCTBCIIfIO

]IPATNIATI,It{CCKTIX

3AAAq;

rtaule

BCero

I,lNleer

xapaKTep

IIIllJ,IutlII.fHoro

(crpt,troro)

attantta,

lrr.r.y-

rrrrrBrroro

[o cBoe]"I

[pnporrle,

6er paa,le,lerrru{

rra rcoprrrc

]{

3Nlrrnprrro;

HC 0lrrrpacrc:t

ila

sKcrleprr}{errr

r.u[r

Al)yilrc

(lclpir.la,rn:roBaHrr],le

rrpo_

ueAypbr

rronyqefl

u.q

rroBofo

3riitrnrH

;

Ire

lrt{ecT

,lcrnor"r

cTpytrTypr,I

rr"rilr

llHcrlt.rrJr}rrrapHofo

c.r.poeFrrrr,

nan

ero

ceoiicrBerrHo

Hayrllroli

rrc

rrxojrcl

rrr

;

IICTIOJIb3YCT

APYIUC

HOCIIT€I'III,

CNCICO6IT

XP;IIICHI,I'I

I,I ]ICPE/IAqII

I.IH_

(ioptraqlur

lro

cparHeHtrxl

c 3l{at{rreNt

rrzryvHbrtr{.

B roii

u,ru

l.rttol"r

cteneHrt

xurel.icxrrM

IICIxoJ'romqecrc.IN{

ruanttelt

o6-

J-raAaer

rcaxAlri.i

r{eJroBer{,

ilocKoJrr,KV

orro

(roplrr.rpyetca

crrrxr.rfirro.

)K[refi

crca.fl

rlcuxo,]Iorlr.fl

croBo

rtv

l llocrb

ITCI

Xo,{o rllqecKrrx

anttr',i,

IIe OTBe(IaK)ItIItX

CTatlAaprai\,{

Havgtlocrtr

Toutrtr

3pelIurI

cttoco50n

rro,ty_

qcllll{'

craljAaproB

otllrcaHuJ{,

cHCTer\tIIoc"ftJ,

I{erporullopcrtuBocrrl

I{ tse-

3.2.

HeHay.llioe

nchxonorhqecxoe:FlaHHe

h aorlaoxFlocru"'

u r

pnQullupyeMocrll)

I't 3aKpeIL'IeHnrrx

Qoptvte

rpaAllIIHiI,

o6px4on,

Hopu

rrpaBun

[oBeAeHI4t,

I{apOAHOI"t

MyApocTI'I,

aoOpI43NIOB,

IIpOH3BeAeHufr'uc'

I(yccTBa

II T.

"IIyVUuran

xlrteiicxHltlt

IIcHXo"rloraN{V

flBllgroTcs,,

KaK

npaBl{no'

[pe,(-

cTaBr{Te,ill{

npoQeccuit

TH[a

<<r{eJlotseK

r{eJroBer(>>

rro KnaccuQuKaqrlq

E. A.

K-lutvtona

(xypna,rucrbl,

A'III,loMarbl'

cBsIqe]IHl'IKI'I,

pa6orHtlKI{

cep-

BUCa, [eAaroru

Ap.).

,I[,r.a

nay.lHofo

ncuxoJ'Iola

xl,tTeiicr(He

Ha6,TIOAeHUq

Crlylr6aT

BaxHbIM

HcTor{H7KOM

HaI(onJIeHUg

OIIbITa,

IIoAJIeXaUeTO

Aa,'lbHeii-

lleN{y

HayqrloMy

aHaJlll3y,

a TaKxe

LICTOaIHHKOM

THIIOTe3

npeAnonoxe-

uurl

upu

pe[IeHIIH TeoPerl'lqecKI'IX

!l IIplII{JIaAHbIx

3aAatl,

tpopuyaupyeultx

paMKax cTporo

HayqHofo

HccneAoBaHLIt.

XyAoxecrneuuaa

Qopua

lrcllxoJloruqecxoro

3HaHVs

tpuxcupyer

ne-

peAaeT

yHr,IKar'IbHOe U ITeIIOBTOpI4MOe

BOCnpUsTHe

aBTOpOM

CBOftCTB

3a-

xOuoueptrocTeii

KoHKpeTHofi

11cplxo;1oruqecKoii

peaJ'IbHocTI'I.

Cor.nacHo

A. H. JIeonrr,eBy,

I{ayKa

A06bIBaer,

QHxcupyer

H rpaHcnupyer

o6beKrI{B-

HOe

3HaHI{e

3HarIeHHgX,

a I{cKyccTBo

BblpaxaeT

I{ [epeAaeT

oTHOIXeIIUe

XyAOXHHKa

I( MLIpy

noMoIIIbIo

o6paeon

HocI{TeJIefi,II14qHocTHbIX

CMblc-

JIoB. XyAoxecTBeHHoe

MbIIIIJ'IeHue,

npueMbl

xyAo)KecTBeHHof

o aHaJII'I3a

qaCTO

oKa3bIBaIoT

OIpol\IHOe

B,'IHIHI{e

M}TIIIIJIeHLIe

yrIeHOtO.

Oco6yrc

pO.rlr

r4rparoT

xyAo)KecTBeHHbIe

o6pa3bl

TBopqecKoM

N{bIIx,tIeHHH.

B npe4nt4y-

uleit

rraBe

Mbr

t-oBop[/rH

o 3aTsHyBrrreMcs

[poqecce

pa3MexeBaHIIt

Hayq-

HOfi

NCI4XOIOTUN

C OKOTOH

YIIHbIMLI

VJIU

AAXC

OTKPOBCH}IO

ICCBAOHAYI{-

HbIMU

nOAXOAaMU.

llapa[cpIXoJ'IOrur,

6UOaHepreTtlKa,

SKCTpaCeHCOpL{Ka'

[CrIXoTpoHr,IKa

-.lIHIUb

HeKoTOpble

n3 Ha3Ba]IIrfi

pa3nl,IrIHbIX

HanpaBneH]Ifi

KBa3UHayqHOft

AesTeIbHOCTtr,

I,rHOrAa

MaCKHpyroil{Itxc.rr

noA HayqHyIo

ncu-

xororulo,

a r,IHorAa

orKpoBeHHo

6pocarculux

eft BbI3oB.

POCT

Unrepeca

lrpparlr4oHanlHuu

QopuaM

ocBoeHr.r.rr

AeficTBrrTeJrbHocTr.r

Ha6,'rroAaeTcfl

o6br.IHo

B [epuoAbl

coquaJlbHofi

HecTa6lIJIbHocTH

I{ HeyBepeHHocTI'l

JIIo-

Aefi

B 3aBTpauIHeM

AHe.

He.rrmg

cra3arb,

rITo

oHI{

BcerAa

l4rpalor

oA}Io3HarIHo

orp}IuareJ'IbHylo

poJrb

pa3BHT1{U

o6UecTBeHHoIo

co3HaHHs.

I43BecT}Io,

r{To

2gilxl/.uvts

coAeii-

CTBoBaJIa

CTaHoBJIeHIIIo

XI,IMI,IH

KaK

HayKI,I.

(DeHOUeHIrt

sKcTpaceHcopHofr

qyBcTBHTeIbHOCTL

I{HOIAa

CTaHOBtTCg

IIpeAMeToM

BIIOnHe

nJIOAOTBOpHOtO

HayqHoro

I,I3yqeHHt,

a JIoxHbIe

UeJIOM

UAeH

MoryT

coAepxaTb

HaBo.4fl-

ul{e

noAcKa3KH.

I4HorAa

[ceBAoHayrrHble

no.4xoAbl

ycnexoM

BbIrIoJIHsIor

lc11xoTepafleBTHqeCKUe

QyHKIII,IH

KaK

ypoBHe

oTAeJIbHoIo

qe"TIoBeKa'

TaK

fi O6UIecTBa

IleJIolvI.

Tetra

He MeHee

HeJIb3.q

HeAoOIIeHI'IBaTb

HeraTIIBHbIe

rrocJIeAcTBIrs

lIIHpOKoro

pacflpocrpaHeHH.tI

uppaqHoHanbHblx

ycTaHoBoI{

o6rqegTBe,

KOTopbIe

MoryT

npl4BecTn

naAeHylo

coUHaJIbHOIl

aKTUBH9-

cTr{,

lrcKaxeHr,rrc

cncTeM

rleHHocTefi

Apyrr{M

AecTpyKrHB}IbIM

flpoqec-

l,raea

Cne

Ka MeTOAOAOT|r'.'l,

qCVXOAO|!4A

CAM.

OAH'IIVI I.I3

CPCACTB

TIPEAOTBPAU{EIII{.'I

3TOrO

LBJIilCTCflYCIIJ'IEHI,TC

rIPO-

cBerHTeJIbcKoli

Aeqre"lbHocrH

rIc[xoJ'IofoB,

tIOBbnlleHI{e

AOCTynHOCT}r

Ha-

yqHoro

IIcIrxoJIofHgecKoro

3HaHLLq

Arq

u14poKux

cJ'IoeB

Hace"rteHI{.s.

cana

ficuxororl,{.q

raKxe

rryxAaercr,

IIo Br,IpaxeHr.rFo

A. B.

IOpennva,

<<pauuo-

HaJIbrroli

MeToAoJrIofuqecKot?

TeparIIu>>.

oAuaro 0603rra.ruM

Tor

nepBbrii orarr

crarroB

ileHus

rrcuxo/ror].rrrecKoro

3HaHHs,

r{orAa

oHo craJlo

npereHAoBarb

craryc rlayqHoro.

Oruernu npu

3ToM,

qro

I{MeH}Io

opueHTallu.q

Ha no3llrl,IBI43M

craJ'Ia

ocHoBaHLIeM)npe-

TeH3HI'r

[CnXoJ'rorHH

na to, uto6u

crarb

onr,ttnorl

[o3rrrrrBHofi

Hayxofi.

He npnnoAx

llcroprlro-ficl{xoJ'ror,gecroro

o6aopa,

yKaxeM

ToJ'IbKo

Halrr-

6o,tee

eHaqltr{bIe

eralrbL

oraH.{ue c'ftrJrfl

rr3JroxeHng

B ftocJleAyrouefi

qac-

rlr naparpa$a

[p.rrMo

cBr3aHo

c rer\{,

qro

orHroAb

ue xlrreiicra.q

rcuxoro-

ru.q

crata

ocHoBarrr4er\r

pa3BIITr.rr

Hayvrrotl,

perflerccrrx

rpu,rrococpcrax

lr i\teroAoJlorprqecKas

B03MOXHbIX

rryrefr

[ocrpoeH]It

raxonoft

n o6ulelt

KOHTeKCTe

pa3B14TIU{

3ItaHL{.q.

TepuuH <<nclrxoJrorr{.rr>

(6yrra,rruo

<<yqeHr{e

oAyure>)

6rra

BBeAeH

Helreu-

KrrMrr

cxoJ'racralru

Ior-tenuycona

n O.

KaccnraHorl

B KoHue

XVI

u., xora

t{aue

ero aBTopoM

Ha:lbiBaror

Bo,rrQa.

Ho neprax

[apaAurMa

nayqHoro

IIcHxoJlorl{qecKoro

3Harrr{.g,

[ocJryx(]IBurarl

gApoN{

6o.lluoro

qI4cJIa

reoperu-

qecKHx

r.I 3M[]lpuqecKux

uccJreAosaHl,rit

r sroii

o6tactn,

oKoHgareJrbHo

cJto-

XlrJ'racb

JIHItb

r< XIX

n. Ee

nntra-tl.rcb

crpollTb

rro KaHot{aM

n,taccuqecroii

Ha-

yKr.r,

B3sB aa

o6paeeq

uau6o,ree pa3BnTyro

Hayr(y

roro BpeMeHr.t

MexaHr.rxy.

Hansatrue

noAXoAa,

[peTeHAytoqero

Ha npaBo

cr]r{rartcx

nepnoii

HayrHorl

napa4ltruoit

B lrcuxo,'Ioruu,

<<rIcI4xoJIoflIrI

co3HaHrrg}>,

t4Itu

<flcuxororu'l

sn.testrrl

co3HaHr{.rr>.

xo-rru6e,rrr

aroro rroAxoAa

crosJ'rr{

SH,rocorfu

Ee-

noH (1561-1650),

{erapr

(1596-1650),

T. fo66c

(1588-1679),

E. CnH-

uoea

(1632-

1677),

frx.

"florx

(1632-

1704).

C caMoro

Harrala

na6,rnAanacr

4nolicrneuHocrb

B TpaKToBKe

npr4poAbr

a6crpaxrnoro

3HaHn.s

u coorBercrBy-

rcIqnx

xareropni.i

MbrilureHu.q.

O4Hn anropu (T.

fo66c,

{x.

Jlor<r

Ap.)

no-

JIara.IM,

VrO a6crpanrHoe

3HaHHe

BbrBoA[Tc.g

r{yBcrBeHHofo

orrbrra

3a cqer

ero

nepepa6orrn

(o6o6u1euua).

3ro HanpaBJlelrne

[oryr{r.tJ'ro

Ha3BaHrre

oM-

tlHpll3lua'

a Bblpocmafl

I{3 Hero 3MIIHpuqecKa.{

[c]4xoJ'Ioruq

qacTo

XapaKTepu-

3yerc.rl

KaK <co3epr-larenbrlo-ceHcyaJlllcrr,rqecKail>.

cosepqare,lbHocrb yKa3bl-

Baer r{aonpeAeJIeHHyIO

naccr{BHocrb

cy6texta,

aceHcyarl4crHr{Hocrr,

roBopr{T

onope

qyBcrtseHuuit

onnr.

flpyrlre

aBropbr

(P.

fiexapr,

Cru.ruoea,

"Ilefi6unr1,

14.

KaHr)

yKa3brBaJrn

lra HeBbrBoAlrrrrocrr,

a6crpaxTHoro

3HaHr.r.rr

u3 onblTa,

rrro

Heua6exuo

[puBoAl{no

K ]lplr3HaHHro

arlplropHocr}r

xareropHft

pa3yMa

uJrH

vrx TpalrcrleHAeHTHoro

[poucxoxAerrur.

Hapa4y

c vexaHrarofi

oAHr.rM

r43 rrcror(oB

craHoBJreHn.q

[epBbrx

grarroB

co6crnertuo

[c]txoror]trrecxoro

aHarrr4.rr

s XIX B. craJro

c6.nuxeHlre

JLorM:rt4

Pauronanuna I h

aMn'lo'aqecKag

ncHXon on4n.,.

u [cLIxoJIorlIu.

Oco6oe N{ecro B etolt

c6,tttxeHl4n

cblrpar'Ia <."[otfiIca,>

aHr-

rr.rqaHr.rHa

Axoua

Crrcapra Mytnns

(

1806- 1

873), nlw Mua,r.a-lr"rra4rue-

ro, rln,rocorfa-no3nTt{Bucra

gr{oHolurrcra,

Koropbrui c

rto:llqrrH Lr1eauIyt-

crr.rqecnoro

aMnlrpu3rlr

(ll,ru <

ncu xo,lof

u3tvra>> B

Ayxe

IOlra) xpnrllroB€r,'r

anprloptr3N{

B TeopIlH

[o3r{anu.rr.

B orrruqne

<<NreHTa,IIbHoii

uexaHnxu,>

fixoee$a

Munts

(orqa)

Mru,rr-u.na4rurrii

c.rrlra,'r,

qro

rorrbr{o 3aKoHr,t

I\{exal{rIKH,

HO I{ 3aKOHbI

XLIMITH MOryT

pacCMaTpUBaTbC.q

r(aK ocHoBa}rne

IIo-

crpoeHlrr

ncI4xoJ'Ioruqecxux

3aKoIIon.

"Ilorury

oH cra,l

paccMarpuBarb

KaK

BerBb

ficrrxoJtotr4u,

Lr3yqaniqyrc

TexHHKy tubIIItJIeHr4g,

Ir B J'IorI{qecI(oit

nn-

AyKulrr{

B}rAeJr r{eroA

pacKpbrrr4.rr

flpurrHHHo-cJreAcrBeHrrbrx

cBfl3erl.

Kpoue

Toro,

oH BBe.[ [pOnaBIIIee

B accoLIUaHr.r3Me

npeAcTaBJre]I]te

<..flr>

XaX

Cy6tex-

Te [o3Harru.q,

qro

y]Ke

caNro rro ce6e

Aeuoucrprrpyer

rreAocraroyr{ocrb

trpnH-

ultI]a

accouttaullr,r

B rroHlrNlaHlil,r

3aKoHoB

Ayrrjtr.

Ec,ru s

drraaocoQurl

loAqepKirBaercs

lpeyBeJruqeH].re

HN{

poJrr{

trHAyr(qrru,

ro B ncrrxoJrorvn

Br44sr r{Hr,re ero BJrvrflrrvs..

Tar, B. Byu4rorr (1832-1920)

6u,ra

nocnpuHtra

ero IIAe.l o

rotr{,

(ITo

co3HaHHe

ur\Ieer

Itr,I}IaIIeLITHbIe

3aKo-

Hbr, r(oropble

Moxno

u3yqarb rra ocrroBe

na6nrcp.euus

rI al{cneprrN{eHTa.

B trsN{erreHr.I}I

Tpar{ToBKr{ accoul{arlrnr

oI(a3aJI

cyurecrBeHHo

BJrurHlIe

Ha Bo3HLrKHoBeHrre

KoHllenqnu 6eccoaHareJ'rbHblx yl{o3aK,'r}orleHr.rfi

f. feltu-

ro.rrbua;

r,r c,'reAyrotqlrrl

ruar

yxe

Ben

r< IzI.

M. CeveHony

[fpourescrnii,

Anqr,rQepona,

1974).

OAnaxo BepHeNrcs

K trcror(aM

Bo3Hrrr{HoBeH[.q

rcri-

xoJ'Iorr4qecKoro

Brralrrzr

paMKax

r!ulocorpnu

Ha Kr'raccuqecl(oNr

orarle

pa3-

B]lTnfl

HayKr,r.

3.3. PaunoHanbHar

"MnnpuqecKar

nchxonorrt

rcropnh

craHoBAetnfl nclrxonorHn

KaK

HayKH)

floH.qrue <<orrbrrHa.q

HayKa>>

BrrepBbre

flpo3Byqaro

XIII e. n

pa6orax

aH-

rauiicxoro

MbrcJrrrreJ'rs

Aonropa

Po4xepa

Eexona.

Ou Ne BBeJrr

ABo.fir(oe

lpeAcraBJreHlte

o caMo[.{

onbrre.

OAuH er.rA orrbrra

aro

npHo6peraenrufi

rloMoulblo <<BHeruHIrx

rryBcrB>.

.IacrHoctt{,

oH TILIcaJI

o roM,

qro

<<3eMHbIe

Beuu{>>

Mbr

y3rraeM

c rloMollrbro 3peHng,

a, HanpI,IMep,

He6ecHbre

re./Ia Ha-

6lrcAaelt

c ItoMott1bro crerIuaJIbHo

Lr3roroBJ'IeHHbIX

AJr.s

aroro

uHcrpyMeH-

ToB;

ApyrHX

cBeAyrrlux.rlrc4eri

Mbr

yBHaeM

o rex N{ecrax,

rAe }rac se 6u,ro.

Ho ecrt

4pyroii

orrbrr

,[yxorHlrri;

B oroM

orrbrre

HAer

rro nyru

rro-

sHaHLIs,,

o6peral <<BHyrpeHHee

o3apeHlre>,

Ire orpaHI,IqHBaeMoe

ouyuleH14-

auu.

lyxoruble

[peAMerbr rro3Harorcr

qepe3

rrx <TeJrecHbIe

creAcrBu.rr>,

paulroHaJrbHo

yMoM.

Taxlru

o6pasonr,

yxe

Aor{apre3uaHcKyro

arroxy

npo3Byqaro

[peAcraB-

JreHlre o

cBrr3lr orrbrrHoro

(err,rnnpHvecrcoro)

noeHalru.q

pauuoHa,rbuoro.

lnaea 3.

Cneuh{hxa

Aaeroaonorh},l

nchxonorhh

C.rreaynulnii

eernxuii

aHUrHqaHuH

c rofi xe

Qaun"nueri

@peHcuc Ea-

KoH

pa3Br{r'r yqeHr4e

o6 onute,

BBeArr npeAcraB./reHr.Ie

ero onocpeAcrBo-

BaHLIrr OpyALrqMr.{:

Kar( opyArrs

Ha[paBJ'IsroT

ABrixerrue

pyKu,

<<TaK yMcTBeH-

Hbre opy4Hr

AaroT

pa3yMy yK:BaHr{s

r.rn}I

npeAocTeperaloT

ero)>.

<.}tAo,'rbr'>

yMa

r{ Merxa}or

no3rraHurc

(nclrxo-rroral\{

xopouo

tr3BecrHa ero Ko}rt1ertun.q

r{erbrpex

rnrroB aa6-tyx4eHnfi), yrtl

AoJ'rxeH

HHX ocno6ox4arlcq.

3aHLI-

Marcb

Hayxoii, verronex

ar rsercs,

no EaxoHy, o6lr.Ino

IrnH aMrfl{ptrror\r,

}rJrr{

Aon\{arr.tKolvr.

Sunuplrr<u ror'rbro co6upanr

4aHHue

(lr

4onoJrbcrByrorcs

co-

6partHuu),

B To Bper,r.s

Kar(

pauHoHa,rnrcrsr,

ro4o6Ho

flayry,

Boc[por{3BoAgr

Heqro u3 ce6s

canrux.

Tpertulr flyreM

6un 6nt

rtyrb rrqeJ'rbr,

co6llparculeii

r{er(Tap,

xo nepepa6arlrrarcqerl

ero.

flelo

Qn"nocorprau

He r{ccneAoBaHue

Hava-r nerqefi

n,ur a6crparquq

or rrpupoAbr,

a ocMbrcJreHue

r,r3BJleKaeNroro

noMotrlblo

onbrra Marepuar'Ia

nocpeAcrBoM

KareropHfi

<<cpeAHlrx

aKcHoM>>.

B rax4ofr

Hayr(e raxrre axcuorvrbr

6yAyr

cnoulrl,r.

To ecrr B KoHuerrIIHLr

Ear<ona

per{b

uAer

He o ncr{xoJlorurlecxoM

3HaH}tpr

KaK TaKoBoM,

a o Heo6xo4nMocrrl

coeAIIHeHr,I.rI

onbITHoro

paquorlaJrbHo-

B [o3HaHHrr, [pornBo[ocraBJlgeMoM

cxoJracr]Ire.

Yepes

.ner

noc,re

pox(AeHu.s

(D.

Eexoua n

uup eofi4er

4pyroir

MbrcJrureJrb

Spanuya

Peue

,{erapr,

TaKxe

He cBr3aBlrnft

ce6s ctyxeHueM

yHrlBepcuTerax,

AaB-

uruii xlaccuqecxyro

napaAr.rrMy

pa3BeAeHHn

4nuxenurl

TeJra

Ayiltu

aKaAeMr4r{ecxyrc

rpopuy,rrrpoBKy

ncrrxoQuavuecrofi

npo6,relru.

3aBep-

rrruT oroxAecrBJ'renrre

xareropuft

Ayrrrr.r

H co3HaHr.r.q.

Ho nora

pa6orax

Earona

ncnxoJrorrrr

paMxax

$r,r"nocoQuu

nepecraer

6nrr Hayrofi

Ayrxe.

FaroH BBoAr.rr

rrHlyr(Tr.rBHyro

JrorHKy

3aKoHbr

no3HaHHs.

Ou npe4-

rloJlaraeT

TaK)rce Bo3MoxHocTb

3MllupHr{ecKolo

I,I3yrreHI,,.A

ficltxl4lqecKHx

flpoueccoB

u nnnenuft, rtpuqelu

B aMlupuqecxofi ycrauoBxe

Ha ro, <<KaK

oHu ecrb>>. Kpnrepnli

orAeJ'reHr/I.g

raKoBbrx

or opraHH3MvlgecKVxAaJI

rlo3-

)r(e

B nepnoit

rroJroBr.rHe XVII n.

.{erapr.

oAHofi

cropoH br, oH

IIocJrIeAo Barer'I

bno

<<paIIpIoHa,'Irr3HpoBaJI

> npel-

craBJreHne

qeJ'roBeKe

ero relecnoft

cyurrocrn)

B cBoeM

yqeHr,re

pe-

Q,rerce,

orr(a3aBrurrcb or

uAer4

yva (unu

Aytxr{)

xax o6ecnequBaroulero

ABrrxeHHe

re-ra.

apyrofi

oH BBeJr oroxAecrB,'reHne

Ayrxlr

tr co3HaHufl,

cAeJIaB

3MI]HpHr{eCKyIO

AaHHOCTb

MbItUIeHH.q

KOHeqHbIM

KpI{Tepfi eM

IIcu-

xr4qecKoro.

B raqecrne

MbIuIJIeHHg

Hero Bblcrynu,'Ia

Bc.rI coBoxyrtHocrb

HenocpeAcTBeHHo

Boc[pIrHHMaeMofo,

T. e. 3To

Lr ouyllleHlt.fi,

r{yBcTBa,

I{ Mbrc,'rn

Bce,

rrro

oco3Haercs.

On npoAo,rrxlrJl

3Mrrr4puqecKyro.rIHHHIo

B H3yrreHun

co3HaHu.q.

Tarlru o6pa:ou,

paMxax

Qn,rocoQcroro

3Ha-

HIrg

pa3rHrrHuna

o6paaoM [peAcraBJleHHbre parll{oHa,rI{3M

gMnr{pr{3M

He 6br"'ru r43Har{aJrbHo pasBeAeHbl

pa3HbrM

<<araxaM>

noenaHnx.

!e-

I{apra

rrpr4

peueHIIH

r4M ncuxoQuer.rvecxofi

upo6,revu

- nosB}rJrc.rr

3.3. PaulroHanbHaq

h 3MnhphqecKar

nchxonor

hr...

Aalxe

crreullal

r,ltltii opIatI

Ilx utarrrtorlciicrltx

(rrttlUtttoRr.tArra_q

xe"'teaa).

Mr,rru"rrcrrrrc ceoi;i<:r'rclrrro

r{NreHrro

lyrle

(llyxonrroii

cy6claHqrrr.r).

A clpa-

crr, rtrletrlrrlrre

Kan rer'rccrvti),

Tarr rr

.{yrle}Jriyro

crol)ortv, rro5c;rranrc:t

lllll'eJl-te I{T}a"{blto (a

cooTeeTc'[BrIn

c t-tiltclreaoii

Rraltlto4eiiclBur

Ayrr[r

lr re,ra).

floc.neltl,tottlttii

elatr

pa3Bxrur{

errtrrrplril]\ra,

HanpaR.rrsBrirrrii

[crrxo,ro-

rrrrc s 6il;ree

aBToHONIlryru

o6,rac't'r,

(ucl

ece clle

piultxax

reopull llo3rra-

Hnx),

o1'o

yqs11tr.

i{N.

,rloxrca, oprrenrrrpyroulelocl

rle,rrorl Hir Nlal.cpn-

ar'I

I{:1tr{ It 3a H r{TIIe

eC'IeC TBCII

II bII,t II H ayKa}t

I I.

Jlot<x

'rati;rne

paIlJInrra,II

ABa

nrrra

orblra, rrcxo/lflulefo

tr: clttlyrqertrtii

Bocnpllg'l'l.it

:rcnclsttii

Hattlcro

vr.ta

(r.

pettf,rtetrcrrrr).

O6a tsrrfiit

01br1'o

,llelxar B ocrroBe

tso3lililrlloBeHttfl

llltcii,

lI iter ts

co3ltaIIuil lIIrqero,

qro

lporrrJlo 6lr

rrepuorraqaitr,Ho

Lrepe.i

rrpr.r3l,ty

ollbrra.

Onlyulerrrre

[accilBr]o,

Mb[]rJlerttre

sarrSo;ree

ar{Trlr]Ho; cJ'ro;(rrbre

rrTlell

o5paayllrc-q

r.r3 rrpocl

r,rx

pa6oror:i

pa3ylra

o[epaqnn]rrr

cpaBueHrrx,

a5crpalrrpoBarrrfl

u o6o(rule-

Hust.lI1elt

JTo :1.[eucnrbt

co:]ltiillrrs; oltl

lte BpoiKr'IcuIIbI;

ux ]Ke

coorlto-

uerIIIe aHiutorlIqIIo

3ar{oHa}t

ItbtorotroBcKoti

ItexaHntrr.

flpttettaHue

aKTtIB-

HOcrr.r

pa3yl\{a (lporrcxoN4eulre

cnoi.icrB

KoT'oporo

rre o6cyx4aercs)

/le"rraer

Kapll,lrry

oNrrlrpuqecKoro

ito3Harnrq

B rle.toM

iIoBoJrbt{o

npornnopevrrnoii

IIoAtorats"ituBaer

IIpornBono"{o}lc{yru

rIo3I{tllK)

pallllola"rtHctrlqecxoii

Tp&Arl

UllIl

IIp€;lC'l'lBn

CIIII U cO:lllaII

I{q.

I'lannoe,

qro

rlpel-Iyforogna.floxx,

tstse4q rrolIrrrle

accorurallrllt,

lrorttsy

AJrfl

rlocne/{yroulero

BblAc"rrelI}Ig

c:o6crgclttto

rcllxoJ'toft{rtecxoii

Hayxtr Lra

pa\,lorr

rfl.r,rocotpcrcoro

3traHrlg

accoqtrarrnrroii

rjcltxo/rorlru.

I-lo

calro

rotlslr{e

accoUuarlrrrr

cBs3aHo

"Iloxxa

rrpeAc]TaBJreHr,re]{

o c,ryvaiirrocru

<<Ileecrecrtsel{}IotI>>

xapal{Tepe Bo:tHIl

KlloBetltg aroii

cBt3t4.

Octtonuyx_l

)Ke

ponb

B 3aKOHoNrepuoii

4yuennoii

xlraHu

rrrpaer coer'Ilrrrerrrre

uAeri

Aes-

TeJrbHocTbio pa3yMa.

Ha ocuonuoli

rpya

Jlor<xa <.Onltt

qe,'roBer{ecxoM

pa3yN,IeHurr>

HeN,teu-

r<nii rplr,rocorf

xrlrrouc,l, rpu:ux

NrareNrarrin

f. B. Jleii6riulr

(

1646- 17

16)

orBeril,rI <.Honult

oIIbITotI

r{eJloBeqecKoNI

pa:tyNlelIHIl>>,

AtICKyrupyr{

}ItIN{

rro cneAyruxllrr{

Hanpanr'rerrrrtrNr.

tr44ee

4yu,rlr

rcax tabula rasa

ilpolrrloIro-

craBJ'r.q ercg

lrAeq r raAeJrcHr

rocrr{

Ayurrr

o6qnlu,r

Kareroprg r\,nr,

}reBbrtsoAH

MbIMII II3 OI]I,ITA.

MCXAUNCTU'TECITOMY

IIOIII,I]\,IAHI.II.O

CO3IIAHLIJ{

TIOCJIEAO-

saTeJrI'Hbrfi

IlAeaItrcTlrqecxl.ttl palltloHantl3rr:

<.Het

Hltqero B pa3yMe,

rrefo

ue 6lt,ro 6lt paulue

rtyBcrBax,

3a Ilcr.tKx{ellileNl

cal,Iofo

pa3yN{a>>.

MouaAa Br,rcrylnJra

rept\{r{HoM,

3aKperrnBun{N,r

rrpeAcraBJ.rerrrre

o tsHyr-

peHHeM

3aKorre

"ntrl6or:i

Belrllr,

u,'rrr Jrexarrlci,i

R ee ocr{oBe

cy6cranrlrlr.

f{ynia,

KaI{

gI{par{,

oro6paNaer

BHeuIIIe

IIaI{JraALIBalouleecr{

uro6paxeHr.re,

IIo HN{e-

er cBotl <<cKJtaAIiIl>>

Rpo)(.IIeHrrute

oco6cttttocru.

Artrrntlocrb

co3narlug

--&

lnaea

3. Cn

Ka MeTOAO^OTAA

nc/'xo\orvv

3.3.

PaurouaAbHar

t1 3Mnt1

Kat

nchxo^oTl4f...

TaKxe

crpol{Tcq

I]o BHyrpeHHeMy

3aKoHy

crpeMJ'reHrrrc

Aocrr.rrHyrb

rleJ'rb-

HOrO

BOCIIpr{Arua.

cpe4u

Hr,lx

N{Ofyr

6trrt

u raK

Ha3brBaeMbre

Ma/'rbre

Boc-

llpllgrufl'

I]oAAaIouI{ect

co3HareJ'IbHoMy

pa3J'lltrreHLI}o.

Srv

,urultto

cy-

IqecrtsoBaI{I{q

6eccoeltare,rrHofi

IIcuxIJr{ecKoti

4eare,rluocrH

trroil(10

3a1'eNr

npoAonxl'rrb

Apyrl'rM

yqeHlrs\.{

HeMeuKo.{3bltlHbrx

rrccJ'renoBare,Terl

f. fe"tluro,rbrra,

@pefiaa.

a4ecr

Mbr

3roro

Aerarb

craHeNr,

rro-

cr(oJrbKy

oqeprruBaeM

nrroil

rpyr

Bo[pocoB

Bo3HrrnrrotseH]rr{

AByx

ocHoBil-

HIILl IICUXO"[OrHqecKoro

aHa,r[I3a

3t{[ilpHriecK].I

I{ paullollar'tbHo

opiletl-

TrtpoBaltHLlx

ncu xo,torH

r,i.

Tepur.rtttr

3Mnupr{qecxoii

u pauuorrallrroi'r

rcrrxo,'rorulr{

BBeJI

rreN{erl-

rufi

Qu.nocor!

Xpncrrrarr

BonrQ (G7g-1754).81732r.,

r. e.

yxe

nocne

Kapre3uaHcKofi

noctauonrH

ncuxoQnaH.recnofi

npo6lerulr,

Bb[rrJ'ra

ero

KHIIta

<.Pat1ltoua,lnHa.fl

rlcuxoJ'Iofttqr>.

B o60csoRauuI{

I'IM 3I\,rIII{pUqecKoI-I

Paunosalruoil

lcr.rxoJlortrlr

KaK

AByX

CaMOcroqre.rrbrrbrx

Alrcrll.tunLrH

peqb

IIrJ'Ia

Ha caMoNI

Ae-Ue

O6 a[eJ'LlquIIH

oAHOMy

TOl\Iy )Ke

rl{ny

orrll-

ocHoBaHHO\{y

Aa)(e

He lla

camotta6lroAeHl4n,

Ha noATBepx{AeHuu

orAeJrbHbrMH

(nenleraelrbrN{H

r{3

orrbrra

cy6lexrlrnubrx

npeACTaB,reurrri)

cryrrarMu

cyry60 yMo3pr{TenbHbrx

u B sTOM

cN{brcJ're

reoperr.rqecK[x

II0-

crpoeHlui

KaK

ocHoBbI

ncllxo"rlort{qecl(ofo

3HaHI,tt.

BaxHo,

rITo

npr{

oroN,l

peqb

IUra He

o BbIAeJreIII4I4

rIcI'lxoJ'IorI'IIt

orAeJrlhllylo

orrbrrHyro

HayKy,

relt 60,ree

o npereH3ltll

Ha <<Ay[IeBeAeHKe>,

o cl{creN,Iar},[JilrrrrlJ

tpnnocoQc

xoro

3HaHHq

Kpyr

ilcuxoJ'roru

rr rcarc

eurocorlcxoi:r

Ar.rc urr

.nlIHbI.

I4rar, sbrAeaenlre

Bo.irnQona

rpeAcraBneHuq

reoperr.r.recKoii

rrcnxo-

JIOIH1I

[po3ByrIano

He B

IIpOTI{BOIIOCTaB"TIeH],II,I

3N{[UpnqecKolo,

T. e. oJ]bIT_

Horo'

l1 TeopeTuqecKoro

3HaHlI.tI,

a B

cBt3I,I

c HanpaBJ'IeHHocTbIo

ee BbIAe-

,'IerIHe

KaK

ueHTparrrnHoii

qacrr,r

Qr.r,roco<puu.

nollum.r.sr{

o slrnereutut

ilctrxoJrorlru

srraocooHH,

Aail

nepBoe

cHcreMarlrqecKoe

r.r3Jro)KeHrle

Ilct{xoJror'IlI

Honoe

BpeMg,

rroHIIMa.g

B KarlecrBe

ee ]rpeAl!{era

/ryuy,

a roq-

Hee' cHJry

npeAcraBJleHnii,

A XOrOpOii

HaXOAl.rr

BbIpDKeHue

aKTHBHOCTb

CO-

3HaHI{t.

tr4s

64 roMos

ero

pa6or

Ha rreMeuxoM

lr J'IarL,rHr{

Aea

6rrrn

rocB.qt,leHbr

[ct{xoJ'IorrrH:

<,Paqltoua,'lbHar{

flct{xoJl

orutr> (7732)

<.SlrnmpuqecKa.s

rclr-

xo.rrorr,rfl>> (1734).llonyrapnocrb

repMr.rHa

<<rrcrxor'ron{q>

cAeJ'rar'ra

ila tspe-

M.tI

ueHrparbuoii

Qu"aoco<fcxoii

Arrcql{rrJ'rr{Hoii,

vro

norbrrar'rcq

3areM

orpa-

HI{qHTb

14.

Kasr.

B rca.{ecrne

m eopemuuecKoil

ncuxonorurr

Bonu}

o6ocHoBa,,r

TaKyIo' KoTopa'cTpol{Tcs

KaK

J'IoruqecKa{

ItoHcrpyKUHt{,

rtMelolllaq

nporr3-

so,'rlHnli (reoperuvecrlri.i)

xapaxrep.

BalKHo

yqecrb,

qro

B ro

RpeM-q

co-

orHoIIreHI4e

reoperur{ecKoro

lr SMrlupuqecKoro

MbrcJ'IH'rlocb

uHltl,t

o6pasoN{.

qeM

B rrocJreAyrcqeli

uayuuoii

KaprrrHe

MHpa.

Bo"'ur[r

pa3Aen]r,r:

Hayxr4

paUIIoHiLnbHbIe

reoperrlqecglle

(KyAa

n Bo-

mna

paurroHarr,Haq

rrcrrxoJroru.s)

parlnonanbHble

npaKTHqecKlIe,

ral(xe

uayrctr

:)1.{lIItpIIqecKlle

TeopeTllqecxtte

(lltnupl{qec6a.t{

r1cllxo.nol'14q'

Te-

Jreo,[orug,

aofN{arHrlecKaa

(ln:ltra) lI

HavKn

SiunnpuqecKne

IrpaKTllqec(ue

(texnolorux

3l{cneprrN{eHTarrbrla.,{

tpuar.rrca).

To ecrl

rrc6ar{

rcuxo,rlof

llq

s erofi

cr{crTeNre

TeopeTr,rqe

u<ast.14

rpeA1.reTo1{

ll,r.s

o6ertx

11ctlxoltotlrii

cra-

nPltporta>

.Ityull.

Sltnltptt.teCXa.q

11CUXoJ'IO1Ua

B KarleCTBe

TCopeTUrleCKOIl

Hayl{tl

npOTH-

BOIIOCTAI]JTICHA

YITA:]ATIHbINI

IIP

KTIIqCCITIIN'I,

C. OIIbITHbIN'T'

IIAYKAM

PAC-

cN{aTpllBaeTcqItaI{<<onbITHafl>To.IIbKoBoAHo\,IacIIeKTe-KaKHayKa'AaIo-

]uaqnpeAcTaBJ'IeHtle0IoNl'I{To[pol{cxoAuTBI{e,IIoBe.IecKoiiAyue.C)HaIIe

rrpeArroJraraer

patluorralbHorli

ncrrxo.rrof1rt1,

a CJIy]KHT

An.fl

IIpOBepKI'I

u IIOA-

TBepx(AeHlIqTofo,t{ToafipllopHopa3BI4BaeTIICI{x0JIofI{.flpaII[oIIaJIbllaq.

Pattnottanutaq

)Ke

tICIIXo,TIoIIIfl

B llaqalte

SnoX]I

HoBoro

tspeNIeHI'I'

HecN{oTpt

or llo3l,ttlnro

Jlonxa-,{cir6t

rr[a,

B KarIecTBe

o6rqero

3aI{oIIa

ABS4gHI'II"'I

AylIIIl

rocl'y-rllIpoBail2r

:laItoII

accoullaqltii.

Iuuxerrue

npeAcraBneHHii

uLonrl",rrl-r

Bo,rrea

u npeAnonaraJrocb

3a6oHy

accoul{alluii.

3ro

o6-

ulas

qacTb

rra3BarrHbrx

AByX

TeopeTr'rqecr(ux

tlcLIXOIOfUii

(patluoua'lsrroii

3N{11rrpuqecxoii).

cauoHa6"nruAeHue

He BbrcTylIIIno

eilIe

MeToAoN{

cI,IcTe-

MaTqqecKoii

nrrTpocle6rlllrr,

a flocTaBla"ro

(xatc ]r

naNttlTb)

nlllllb

llprtlle-

pbr

Anq

AeN{oHCTpaUnrr

Tex

rrJrrr

lrHbrx

rro-{oxeHltlii.

onO

6lt.no

[PII3BaHO

Bbr[o,'lIIsTb

rpyurrlnn

rlpoBeplru

coOTBeTcTBI{q

TeopeTI{qecKl'lx

fiocTpoe-

Ur.rii

Onury,

6r,t,,ro

UCtO.tHI{KoM

SMIIIIpllqecI{Ofo

IvIaTepuana:

<'-..6ltr1O

AOCTaTOT{HO

OTA€,rrrrHbrX

11pt.rMepoB,

KoTopbre

6rt

no4rnepAl,Inl{

")KI{3HeH-

Hyn [paBAy"

co3AaHrroii

KapTuHbr

("cqen,reHua

IICHXOIOrilqecKux

IIoHs-

,ril";.

fla-uee

N{enq,{ucb

npn}rutlrrbr,

ortpeAenrrcuue

"cue[.[eHllq",

IIe

rpaArrllrlt{>>

[Maan"rron,

2003,

c. 60].

Tarcutu

o6paeo;n,

rlpeBaJIIIPOBarlHc

TeoPeTlrqecxoii

IIcHXoJIOIIIU

HaA

nIo-

6uuu

4pymlvrlr

ylKe

lplrcyTcTBoBa"rro

B caNloM

Har{ar're

ncTopl,lu

ee craHoB-

Jrer{ils.

ilpuu"nn

I{N{eHIIo

KaqecTBe

{rn,rocoScxofi

ocI{oBbI

n MIIpa

reopuii

(paquouallr{arr

rrc}lxoJro

rvtr),aN{upa

3l\{[rrpuu,

IIOH.flTofo

rax

o6quii

ypo-

Berrb

3HaHI4fl

c reJleo,'Iofl{eii

AorN{arl{qecKoii

$t't:ltxoii

orurc4l

B CBs3r{

nocTpocHueM

rrayKr.r

Hosoro

BpeMeHU).

vXe

aro

craBur

[po6,'Ie-

My:BI{lllIN{o,AeJIoHeBToNt'Bo3]\{ox{IIa'4rIeAuHa.'IMeTancuxo"qolIqecKaf

AI{CUUnnltHa,

a B

TON{,

KaKOri

N{bIc-rII{TCq

3Ta

TeopeTUrIeCKag

IIC[Xo"rIorI{g'

Paurrona,rne\.r

3Mnr,rpr,r3M

rranpaBn.rutlr

TOJIbKO

BblAeneHHe

IIpeAMe-

Ta rrcllxo,'Iornn

(B paMKax ee

cTaHoB,'teHlta),

Ho I1

pa3BlITUe

rlpeAcraBne-

Hgli

O ee

MeTOAaX.

BU,UelUn111ncb

KaqecTtse

HayKU

CO3HaHHI4,

IICI{X6,'IO-

fr,rr

3ar'la,rra

Kaqec'lBe

ocHoBHoro

(alernarHoro

npeAN{eTy

u3yqeHl{fl)

NreroA

rrrl.t.pocrrc.Kur,ll,r.

B efo

paMKaX

pa6ora,ru

KaK

ncuxo"qorll,

opI{eHTlI-

MeTOAOAOf

'1U

ncz.xo\or

poBillillble'

rla

ONIIIllPllall\I

flOItl[l\taIIlill

ocllJoBaIIrtii

Co3laHLtr

(HarrprlN{ep,

I]1'lrar)'

Tal{

IICtlxo,rlorlt,

cror{Itllre

Jra

uo:r.rrtrrtx

J)aritro]taJIlri]rra

(rraIIDtr-

NIep'

llpeAcr2ruul'cill{

Bropr(6yl)}Kcr{oii

rrTlio,/lbr

xrr)rrrrJ-rc[lrq).

3.4.

Accour'aHh3M

KaK

nepBoe

HanpaB^eHhe

ncuxo*or)4^

Accourtatllr.;r

trltcii

ltepIJoI

tso3t{rIl{}roBe}rrrg

rcrrxor.rornl

co3llarrrs -

cc-

peArtHa

XIX

Br,rcry[Iara

oclrotsutrNl

3lirioro\r

ncltxlrqec(oro.

1{ua

rlrna

AereprlllltallllrI accourlarlrtii

nprttttrlta-lttcl

tllr",rclcocfcttrrlr

Ha],r{t{bl\{

co-

o6ruecrgolvt:

rlopl{llolt

II cBrI3b

rr4eii

o5laclr.rnrcb

tro:rrrtlHii

3aKonorJ

r\rcxa-

ttrttrtr

noc-qeAyolucl\I

c IIotIl)aBI{aNIIr

rla

xIr}rltrrccrcrc'u

(rrs11cugr-t{qccnrle

:axottt,t)

c ncl:rtqnr"r

ilcltxo-rroftIsNIa

KrrI{

Ltf

Il(rRIIilva"rlblo-IIcIIXOr']O1,rqe_

crcrrx

oco6eurtcicreii,

rr\lMalreiirllr,rx

col,rr;IHlrlo

c.v6rlcxra.

v.rettlrc

AItt.;1.trt,

(Dpatrqrttr

leplrattr't

paapa6arr,rtsa.[]r

pa:rHbre

acrer(Tr,I

;rccorrlr.rIr{cr-

cltoro yqellug.

Atu-.rtniicrtl'ler

Itbtc.rlI'l'l'c.tr

IlpeArroqrl

opueHTuponKv

liil

JIo-

rlItlil:JNI.

coattarure

lrpor{r)jr}K:rr'ro

paccNral?ilBafbcfl

clttso:Jb

rpil3Nry

itccclrltt:ir11.:U:i,

rro

caMrr

accourraIII,I]r

lrrrArrBrjAyiLrrbHo],r

co3rrarrrllr

noc,rrc

pa50rr,r

{x.

Mrrrr_

r'tl

N{LIcJIIUII{cL yr'Ke

ratc

4eiicrnyx-lttltle B cuct'cNIC

JIOrtutIl.

Nllrrr.rteirt

oruepfiur-

cJ{

anpIIOPII3[I'

elU't]{C1'IlCIlHblN{

llcl'orllllfroll

3lIa]tLIr{

ntlTeJrr-IetrTyzLltbltbtx

cnclco6ttoct'eii

cra,r

ottlt'r.

CaeAyIorrIrINI

cryuecrrJeHllbrr,l

lralor,r

cr.a-lro

tsr,rrrltsll-

)KeIIltc

ttepnltii

tt,rau

trpo5,reNlbl

NleroAo"rtot.lrt

Hayrlllof11

ucc"rl€r_IoBillgrf.

I]cHxonorrrq

AoJrxlra

6r,raa,

rro

Nfrrl,rru,

crarb

orrbr.H.ii

rrayroiil.

D.r.o,r.

elreo4

cro

<,Jlontrur>

rrporrrBocror{.rr

rrocJ.rLUyrorrleNly

yrBcp}K:Jerrrrx1

Korrt2

rorr,

tITo

IICllXoi'Iofllr{ccIioe

3llailllc

HI{I{oIA:I

llC

CIIOXCT

CTitl'b

IItt}Vlllrttr,t.

Ot"rytr.iue

ncuxoJ'torlr(IecKI{x

3aKou0R

Qt.r:tto,ror-nqcclrr{x

AOCTynrtocl.t,

rrx

sMrrl]pI{_

qecKol'ry

r,r3)

{eilurc

Bbrcryr[jrr{

r'{,'rr

N,{ir.rurs

0c}roBarrr.lr{]\{rr

pa:rpa(rgrxrr

oco_

6oii

<,113y111

o6 ylre>.

ueaou

3ar(oHbI

cy6beltruBHo.o

[porlrBoIIocraBJIJ{r,Ir]cb

3aI{oHaN{

o6t'eKrlrsHofo

Nrrpa,'qeN{

tporB

itsncfll{/IeaJrrr3r.,r

Mu"r.,r.q.

orr rre

paccuar-

puBa,'r

IlcnxllyecI{oe

I{oHTerrcrc

B3airNloreficlsns

cv6r,cx.r.a

BHeutIILIM

IITIpONI.

Pa:l

grt

tI,Ie

N{ero/{ot}

rcrrxoJ'lorul

ccKof

o 3r(cIcpu

Meill.r

IpoBaHn,

=---]-

-^r

flpnne;1cr\r

apryr\'rcrrrauuro

rllu.,rrrs

rro

r{rlrrc

.fpourcncrcor.r)

Arltbrd)cpoBoi:i

[-flporrrencxuii'

Arrrtlrrpepoea,rgT4,

c. 1771:

<....a)

rr:ucrcrcq

i]aKorrbr

yr.ra,

or"quqan-

Il{uec:t

o'r'3aKo}roB

l,Iarepr,ril,

Ilo cxoirtlrbre

IIur{rd

r} o.r.norrreulnr

o4rioo6pa:ttn,

tto-

lrroprclrocrr.t,

rreo6xojlrrl.rocrlr

cJ,rcr,Ionalnfl

or,lrrofo

,rrlJteilil.a:l:r

/,lpyfnr{;

6; yoor"n-

HLre

3aKolrbr

lrory'r

6lrrl

orxpbn.br

rror\rorrrr,rc

orlr,rrrrbrx

r.rer()roB

lra6.rxrjtcrrlrg

3r{crcpI.tNIe}lra,>.

l)lu

re3t{cbr

cra-Tll

ocHouilll.tc}.I

Konco,llr/IattulJ

IIcnxoJIofnqccKr{x

ettattnri

oco6yn

tlav*y'

ltoropyrc

rrpeAuo.rrafaJocb

rprnec'n

coorrlercr.tsrre

cralrr2rprar{n

Apyfrlx

lrayx ((rirstrrol,

:icrpollo}nlrr

.r..

g.).

3.4. Accouhanh:v xar nepeoe HanpaeneHhe

nchxonorvta

cTo.rr,'Iocb

B noHTeKcTe

pa3BllTtrfl

Apyrux

uAefi o flocTpoeHHr{ Hayr{Hoit ficu-

xoJrorlrr{

(@exHepa,

366r.rHraysa Ir

Ap.).

cQopuy,rupoBaHHbIe MI.Lrr,rervt

3aKoHbr

14HAyr(TnBHoro

BbrBo.ra

(raroH pa3nHHu.q,

cor"lacrls u

ap.)

saHa,rrr

cBoe trporrHoe r{ecro B o[peAeneHHoii,toruxe

alrcnep]rMeHTaJrbHoro

BbrBo-

Aa:

Ha 3rarre BbrBoAa o

Eeiicrnwll

HeaaBlrcllMoii nepeueuuofi. llpu

pa3Ho-

o6pazuvt

nyreii nocrpoeHuq

Hayr{Horo 3HaHu.q, KoropbrMr,r roru,{a lcr{XoJro-

rI,I.S B CNEAYIOUIEM XX N., rIOH.qTUE NIETOAA I{CCJIEAOBAHHg

UCO6XOAUUO

cra,,Io

BK,'IIoqarb npeArIoJIoxeHne o6 onpe4e,reHHoli JIotl4Ke

paccylrqeHl4t

IIpu npoBepKe ncnxoJlorllqecKllx rllnoTe3, xoTq n 3TI{ rH[oTe3bI, u caMa

3ra,'rorHKa

yxe

6u,ru

ApyruMr4.

3no;lloulrn

nclrxo,'rorur{ecxux HAer".r B XIX s. Bo MHoroM 3aBprceJ'ra or

yc[exoB

ecrecTBosHawng. v ecnl{

Mn"nas ueraQopauu 6lInH xulrnqe-

cKue aHaJ'roruH, To

aHfJrHi,icKoro Bpaqa

Quaocorpa

fapr'rr,r

accoqua-

qHH

MbrcJrr{Jrrrcb

yxe

IIo rprny

peQaerca (r.

6u,ur

ro,'trrco

Su:uo,ro-

rurlecKuMrl

aHa,'rorrrsMrr, a [o,lara,rlr{cb KaK cB.tr3l{ M03lonux eu6paquii).

(Dueno,'rornqecKarr

Hayxa cr;L/ra cyruecrBeHHbrM

oprreHTupoM

craHoBneHr,r.rr

ncuxo/roruqecxoii, Ho 3To BbrABuHyJro ua uepnuft rrJraH

yxe

Apyryrc

[po-

6relry - ncuxorplr3r4oJroruqecxoro lapan,reJrr{3Ma. CosHaHHe

xe 3Aecb

BbrcTyrrr{J'ro,

KaK H

IOua, n rvrerarpope reaTpa, u

yxe

6ea [peAfloJraraeMo-

ro Mu,T,'IeM

<..f>, a 3aKoH accoqvaLvv craJr He npeo6"na4arcIqHM, a eAI4H-

CTBeHHL'IM OCHOBaHI'{eM.

llpounxrtonelaue

ureh 6no.roruqecxoii

gBo,'rrcu[r.r

B rrcuxoJ'rorurc rrpHBe-

JIo B rlocileAyloxleM K

3aMeHe MexaHr.rcrl{qecKoro

AerepMr{Hr.r3ua

6uo,roru-

qecKrlM.

AccouuaHusu fep6epra Cnencepa

(1820-1903)

6aauponarca ua

[pH3HaHI{I,I Bo3MoxHocrr{

rlocrpoeHuq ncuxororur{ KaK rro3uTrrnrroit Hayrcn.

o6ocnona-r,

r{To

B co3HaHuH cBq3brBaercq ro,

rITo

6lt,ro ce.qeaHo B cpeAe,

H BbIABT{HyJI V[elO

OnbtmA

KaK

CB.rr3yrOI]IerO Har{aJra NrexAy BHyTpeHHr{Mr,r u

BHeUIHHMH

OTHOTITeHH{MU.

BCIeA

3a nO3TITUBHCTaMU OH OTpI{qa"'I BO3MOX-

Hocrb roBopvra

o6 o6rexrunnrtx 3aKoHax

(accoquaqlrfi)

4e,rarn

o6o6ue-

HVrfl

[peAeJraM]r

3M[[puqecKoro 3HaHnq. B or"[nqHe oT MaTepItaJ]IucTlI-

qecKoro

B3urrrAa

Ha accorlHauHr{, cJroxHBruerocs

lo66ca n C[r.IHo3br, HM

6lrra

sr,rAsr.rHyra HHas vres, -

AerepMrlHauulr

accouuauuri

co cropoHr,r

.{a-

crorbr r,rcnbrrbrBaHlr.fl opraHrr3MoM Tex r{,'rH r{Hbrx Bo3Aeiicreufr. Ilpovuocrl

accolluauuu ol{a3aJlacb

KpuTeprreM o6rexrHsHoro fio,rroxeHr4a nerqeii n

pe-

aJrbHoM urrpe.

flosnuil.rr xe afHocrr{Illl3Ma

cxa3aJlacb

pa3BeAeHLIu

<<u3Becr-

nrtx

4elicrozfi,

naaHBaeMblx

gB,'IeHH.qMr4>>,vI

<<HerI3BecrHbIx npuuunr>.

Opu-

eHTaqrrg Ha

qB,'IeHHocrb

Aeficrnufi,

cy6uel{Ta craJla

paccMarpuBarbc.r{

[o3AHee

B KarrecTBe oAHoro Lt3

OpueHTHpon 6uxenuopu:naa.

Irlrax,

ocHon atla

Bbr

neH r4.rr rt cu xo r ar vLI. B caMocrosren bHy Io Hay Ky

BKrloqanu,

c oAnofi cropoHr,I, HaIIpaBJIeHlIocrb

Ha rpuvtEuHrrfi cnoco6

lnaea

Cneu

MeTOAOAOrr,lh

nc'r'.xo\orul/|

3.4. AccouhaHh:rr4

rax nepsoe

HanpaeneHhe

nc.zxolort4r

Bc,reA

3a orrrM

B. ByHar

o6ocnona,r

cBoe

rroHrr\.{aHr{e

rrct{xo,'rol.r4rr

r{aK

caMocrogrer'ttHoti

uayrn,

BK-TIrorlarutllel.i

4na

uanpaB]'IeHI,Iq:

rftral.ro,rornue-

cKyro rrcHxoJrrorlrrc

rr [clixo,lrof]rn

HapoAoB.

tr4lrenrro

Harra!'ro pa5oru

co-

a4aHrrofi

B r.

"rleitnilnre

,ra6oparopuu

(1879),

npe4Ha3Har{eHHorl

4,ra

3I(CIepI4MeHTar'IbHbIX

IICC"rteAOBaHHii

nO IIclrxo;rorI{u,

paccMarpI,IBae']'cq

KaK

Qopua,rtna.s

rorlKa

orcrlera

HarIa,rla

cpyrtrcqnonupoBaHr.r.q

ltcllxororuu

B r(aqecTBe

caMocTogTeJ'rbHoii

HavKu.

O4nonpel,reuHo

ByHAToBcKr.rM

crpyKTypaJrr.r3N{oM

pa3BuBaJrtacb

reopr.rt

aKroB

co3rraHr4.rr

aBcrpriirla

(Dpauqa

Epenrauo (1838-1917).

llo4 r,rna-

nuelr u4eft

ByH4ra

u EpeHraHo

n r. Bropq6ypre

c"rroxlrJrocb

opt{rr4HaJrb-

HOC HAIIPAB"IIEHIIE

ICUXOJTIOf

I'II,I CO3IIAHU,S -

BIOPU6YP)KC

KAq

IUKOJ'IA

MI,III

Jrel1,l/,g',

K KOTopOMy

Ult o6parirMcr

B fnaBe

10.

canrocro,lTerbHyro

J'r[Hrrro

[oHlrr,raHt,r.s

co3Harrur{

no3r{rIr{if rfyHxqnorra,rualra

paapa5ora[

lxeuc

(1842-1910).

B lle,rou

sru

ABr.r)KeHr4r,

KaK u

accourraHrr3r\{,

rroJrro){rrrJru

Ha-

rJaro

rcuxo,rlotl.t,tcctcoii

Hay

tgt.

flprlne4errune

ara[br

pacrpbrBanr

Bcex coAepxarenbHbrx

lpeArro-

cblJIoK

BbIAeJ'IeHut

IlcnxoJ'Iorl'Iu

B orAenbHyrc

o6,racrl

HayqHbIX

aHaHltl"t,

o6cyx4ael,rr,IX

r(ax BHyrpu

Su"rrococpr.rt,t,

TaK rr

B r{orrrercre pa3Brrru_q

ecre-

crBeHHo-rrayr{IIoro

3HaIIHq,

oxBarbrBaror

Becb

r,rcropt{Ko-reorparplrve_

cxlrri

lauAuraQr

aroro

c,rroxHoro

nyru. Ho 6es yxaeaHrrr

Hr{x ue 6unu

6r,t nu4nrr

re lrcror{H,

lroropbrx

[por{cre*anu

repBbre

rorrbrr*r{

HaysHo-

ro onpeAeJreHr.r.rl

lcr.rxoJrtorueii

cnonx

npeAMera

rI MeroAa,

a rar{}Ke

re 3Jre-

MeHTbr

KpH3I{ca,

o6cyx4enrre

Koropbrx

corrpoBoxAaJro

craHoBr'reHue

oc-

HoBr{bIX

HayrrHbIX

lapa4lrru

Heii.

npuueunre,llbl{o

K rlcuxoJlornLI

co3HaHI4.q

Ha3BaHlIe

<<onbITHaq

Hayxa>

He o3uarraro <<HayKa

oKcrlepr.rMeilTar'rbHa.q>>.

SrcnepunreHrnponaHtre

6rrao

BBeAeHo

B orrbrrax

(Dexuepa,

366nHrayaa,

ByH4ra,

Ho He B

roii ,rornre

ru-

Ilorernr(o-AeAyKrr,rBHoii

npoBepr(rr

rH[ore3,

Koropas

6yAer

xapaxrepn3oBarb

gxc[epr.rMeHraJrbHyro

napaAr.rrMy

K KOHUy

XIX n.

B ecrecrBeHrro-Hayqr{oM

rlo3Har{rru.

llocxollny

B r{cropr4lr

Irclrxo,'rorur{

c.ro}Kl,rJrrocb

rrpeAcraBneHrre

usHaqa,'ILHori

cs.selt

3KcneprrMeHTupoBaHrlr

c ecrecrBerrrro-uay.rnofi

na-

paAr{rMol"r,

c,rleAyeT

rrpeAcTaBuTb

ee coBpeMeHHoe

[oHr,rN,raHI,Ie.

pacxpurur{

crrcreMbr

N.reroAoB,

xapaKrepr{3yroulr.rx

cnequeHxy

lcu-

xo,'Iorl4r{ecKofo

3rraHr{.rl,

MoxHo

noiiru

uHbrM

nyreM

He HcroptrKo-rrcr4-

xoJrorr.rqecKofo

aHa.nr43a,

I]peAcTaBneHu.rl

Toro coBpeMeHHoro

ypoBH{

r{x

x.raccr.rQuxautrr,r,

cxBo3b rlpr{3r\{y

Koroporo

MoinHo paccMorperb

cra-

HOBJIeHI{e

BMeCTe

CO CTaTIOBJ'IeHUeM

IICHXO,TOTU.{eCXOif

HayI{U.

o60cHona-

HI{eM

SToMy

Moxer cJ'IyxI'ITb

cpaBHLITeJ'IbHaq

aBToHoMHocrb

IIcrIxoJ'Ioru-

rlecxV

x reopltii

H MeroAoB

[oryr{eHr.rs

aMrtr4puqecKr.rx

AaHHbrx

(rax

o6qux

nyreii rx

paannrux).

o6ts,cueuug,

lcuxo,'Ioruqecxr.rx

eaxron,

a c

Apyrofi

cyulecrBerrHbre

efo

Ir3MeHeHu{

TpaKToBKax

accoqnautrfi.

B lepuaHuu

Suaocorpu

fl3Harrar,rbHo

[oAr{epKgBa,rh

aKTHBHocrr,

cy6r,er<ra

''o3HaHU'q'

eAT4HCTBO

ero

BHyrpeHHefi

xuaHu,

H 3AeCb

crpopuupona,urcr

Apyrue

IIaIIpaB"rIeHHs,

rlporlBorlocraBuBlrrue

Iro3r4TIlBtrcrclcor?

uayre

ecrecrBeHHo-HayqHoMy

onbrry

nuoii -

o''brr

rrpa*T'Krr

no3HaH],Is

noeo6-

pa3oBaHuq

AericrBHre,'rbrocr,.

tr4orau'

fep6apr

(1776-IB4l),

nerreurcr,rri

QunocoQ-u4ea.rtrcr,opI{eHTIIpoB:Llc.rr

Teoputr

no3HaHr{r

Kanra

lr.IIelt6-

HUUa

nbITaJICr

coeAl,rHl,rrb

rlesMnnpuqecxue

(ueraQH3Hqec*rre)

3M-

IIHpI{qecKI'Ie

ocHoBaI{I{q'

co3AaB

IIpeAnocI,IJIKu

Honofi

rcnXo,rrorllr{ecxofr

clr-

CTEMbI.

rpyae

fep6apra

<.llc,xonor'q,

[o-HoBoMy

o6oc'onaHHa,

]ra

Mera-

@usure,

orrbrre

MareMarr.rxe>

(1816)

[peAcraBJreHlr.a

accouua-

quu)

nrrcryllr.rJrrr.r

aKTaMv

Ayu]u,

Bo3Hr{Karorril}rr4

exle

npo6yxgeHua

caMoco3HaH

I'ra

cy6lerra

u o6paayroul'Mn

vrrrr4Bu

aJrLrHt

rfi

r,rt.

fIcuxoAuHalllaKa

BblAe"rrrrJra

Apyrne

orHorlreHr4.rl

MexAy

<<aroMaMLr>

Ayruu;

6atna

ucnonb3oBaHa

neii6HnuencKas

Karerop

ws 6eccoeuareJibHoro,

a co-

3HaHr{e

craJ'ro

cueHori

npoxnaeHua

paaHofi

crelreHu

orqerJrr,rBblx

rr rec_

HtxIHX

Apyr

Apyra

nepcoHaxeli.

Errao

crloplry,urpoBaHo

fioHrrr{e

aII-

nepuerlulru

KaK

Bo3Aeftcrnus,

Bcero

rpeAbrAyllero

orrbrra

qeJ,roBer(a

lra

pe3yJrbrar

HoBoro

ar(Ta

BOCtrpH.qrHg.

oHa

npuAaer

ynop.rlAoqeHHOCT

b L'I

',c-

HOCTb

BOC[p]rHr{MaeMbIM

O6r,errana

rrJru

ureflM.

or,rrut.{lte

II3HaqaJrb_

Hofi

raHroscxofi

rpaucqeHAeHTaJrbHofi

annep{en{uu,

rep6aproBc*ar

<<an-

''epqe'ITuBHas

Macca>

npuo6pera,racr

cy6rexrolt

Hrt4lnnuAyaJrbHoM

otIbrre.

flpe4no,rarai'racb

raKXe

Bo3N{O}KHOcrb

HCqtrc,rreHr.rq

r{HTeHCTTBHO-

crn

npeAcrannewuit.

Tes,c

o rrp'HrIHnxaaruofi

Bo3Mo)nHoc*

MareMarr,rqecKofo

aHaJ,IH3a

or-

uorueHufi

MexAy

rrcrx,qecKrrvr,

(ruauuecKrrMrr

Qaxrauu

6rr,r

aocnpu-

n.sr

(DexHepou

O66uxraysoM

rrpeAcraBJreH

usx

o6ler-

TIIBr{.M

MeroAe

nclzxoJ'Ioruu.

(Dexuep

co3Aat

OCHOBbI

ncltxodusuxlr

cQopuyanpoBaJr

nepBbrfi

xoalrqecrneur*ui

3ar(o

n.r"o*ui.-

rpyroe

HarrpaBJreHr{eBrnflH|rs

lr4eit

fep6apra

pa3BHTHe

rroH.rrrr.r.rr

6eccoeuarear_

noro.

Ieatlrro,rru

(IB2l-1894)

nne,r

noHarne

6eccoerrareJrb'brx

y[{o_

saxrloqeHnfi

noHlrlraHHe

[poqeccoB'ocrpoeHLrr

3pI4TeJIbHOto

o6paaa,

ra^Xe

fipeAno"[oxu"rr

oco6yn

ncuxoJ'roruqecKylo

[puquHHOCTb,

Iroropyno

HeJrb3's

pe/qyqupoBarb-

K yr(e

r.r3BeCTHbIM

(Uexauuuecrofi

xul.tnuecroli,

Qusuo'rrornvecxoii).

v'{eHuxfi

rep6apra

rllrefinralr

Jlaqapyc

paapa6ora,r

[porpaMMy

rrcuxoJlor,rr

HapoAoB

xax

oco6oro

pa3Ae"rra

v3y

.teuvs,

TaKrrx

Ky.rrbTypHo_

r4cTopfi

qecKHX

rrpoAyr(ToB,

I(aK

13brK,

MHo,

llcKyccTBo