Kenny Anthony. Ancient Philosophy: A New History of Western Philosophy Volume 1
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Roman and Imperial Philosophy
The works of Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius, and Plotinus have appeared in the Loeb
Classical Library, and those of Plotinus as an Oxford Classical Text edited by
P. Henry and H.-R. Schyzer, which has become the standard edition (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1964–82).
O’Donnell,J.J.,Augustine: Confessions, 3 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992).
There are many translations of Confessions, notably H. Chadwick in the World’s
Classics series (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991).
Armstrong, A. H. (ed.), The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970).
Bailey, C., Titi Lucreti Cari de Rerum Natura Libri Sex, 3 vols. (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1947).
Barnes, J., and Griffin, M., Philosophia Togata, vols. i and ii (Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1989, 1997).
Clark, G., and Rajak, T., Philosophy and Power in the Graeco-Roman World (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2002).
Dillon, J., The Middle Platonists (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977).
Dodds, E. R., Proclus: The Elements of Theology, ed., trans., and comm., 2nd edn.
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992).
Griffin, M. T., Seneca, a Philosopher in Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976).
Lloyd, A. C., The Antomy of NeoPlatonism (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990).
O’Brien, D., Plotinus on the Origin of Matter (Naples: Bibliopolis, 1991).
O’Meara, D. J., Plotinus: An Introduction to the Enneads (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993).
Rist, J., Plotinus: The Road to Reality (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1967).
Sedley, D., Lucretius and the Transformation of Greek Wisdom (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1998).
Stump, E., and Kretzmann, N., The Cambridge Companion to Augustine (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2001).
Logic (Chapter 3)
Kneale, W. C., and Kneale, M., The Development of Logic (Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1962).
Łukasiewicz, J., Aristotle’s Syllogistic from the Standpoint of Modern Formal Logic, 2nd edn.
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957).
Mates, B., Stoic Logic, 2nd edn. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1961).
Nuchelmans, G., Theories of the Proposition (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1973).
Patzig, Aristotle’s Theory of the Syllogism (Dordrecht: Reidel, 1968).
Prior, A. N., Time and Modality (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957).
328
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Epistemology (Chapter 4)
Bostock, D., Plato’s Theaetetus (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988).
Hankinson, R. J., The Sceptics (London: Routledge, 1994).
McKirahan, R. D., Principles and Proofs: Aristotle’s Theory of Demonstrative Science (Prince-
ton: Princeton University Press, 1992).
Schofield, M., Burnyeat, M., and Barnes, J., Doubt and Dogmatism: Studies in
Hellenistic Epistemology (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980).
White, N. P., Plato on Knowledge and Reality (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1976).
Philosophy of Physics (Chapter 5)
Bobzien, S., Determinism and Freedom in Stoic Philosophy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998).
Hankinson, R. J., Cause and Explanation in Ancient Greek Thought (Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1998).
Hoenen, P., Cosmologia (Rome: PontiWcal Gregorian University, 1949).
Sorabji, R., Necessity, Cause, and Blame (London: Duckworth, 1980).
—— Time, Creation and the Continuum (London: Duckworth, 1983).
Waterlow, S., Nature, Change, and Agency in Aristotle’s Physics (Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1982).
Metaphysics (Chapter 6)
Barnes, J., and Mignucci, M. (eds.), Matter and Metaphysics (Naples: Bibliopolis,
1988).
Fine,Gail, On Ideas: Aristotle’s Cricitism of Plato’s Theory of Forms (Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1993).
Graham, D. W., Aristotle’s Two Systems (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987).
Malcolm, J., Plato on the Self-Predication of Forms (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991).
Scaltsas, T., Substances and Universals in Aristotle’s Metaphysics (Ithaca: Cornell Univer-
sity Press, 1994).
Philosophy of Mind (Chapter 7)
Annas, J. E., Hellenistic Philosophy of Mind (Berkeley: University of California Press,
1992).
Brunschwig, J., and Nussbaum, M. (eds.), Passions and Perceptions: Studies in Hellenistic
Philosophy of Mind (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
Hicks, R. D. (ed.), Aristotle: De Anima, with trans., introd., and comm. (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1907).
Nussbaum, M. C. (ed.), Aristotle: De Motu Animalium, with trans., introd., and essays
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978).
—— and Rorty, A. O. (eds.), Essays on Aristotle’s Philosophy of Mind (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1992).
329
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ethics (Chapter 8)
Annas, J., Platonic Ethics Old and New (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999).
Broadie, S., Ethics with Aristotle (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991).
Gosling, J. C. B., and Tay lor, C. C. W., The Greeks on Pleasure (Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1982).
Inwood, B., Ethics and Human Action in Early Stoicism (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985).
Nussbaum, M. C., The Fragility of Goodness (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1986).
Price, A., Love and Friendship in Plato and Aristotle (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989).
Schofield, M., and Striker, G., The Norms of Nature: Studies in Hellenistic Ethics
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
Philosophy of Religion (Chapter 9)
Festugiere, A. J., Epicurus and his Gods (Oxford: Blackwell, 1955).
Kenny, A., The Five Ways (London: Routledge, 1969).
Kretzmann,Norman, The Metaphysics of Theism (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1999).
330
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ILLUSTRATIONS
Page
6 Anaximander with his sundial, in a Roman mosaic
Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier
10 Pythagoras commending vegetarianism, as imagined by Rubens
The Royal Collection ß 2003, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
38 Socrates and Plato as portrayed by Matthew Paris in the thirteenth
century
The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford/Ms Ashmole 304 fol 31v
47 A herm of Socrates, bearing a quotation from Plato’s Crito
ß Soprintendenza Archeologica, Naples
59 Crates and Hipparchia, in a fourth -century-bc fresco
Archivi Alinari
66 The location of the philosophical schools of Athens
Candace H Smith
70 The frontispiece of a fifteenth-century manuscript translation of Aris-
totle’s History of Animals
ß Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (Vat.Lat.2094)
83 Aristotle ridden by his wife, Phyllis
Bibliothe
`
que nationale de France
92 A Venetian representation of King Ptolemy and his library at Alex-
andria
ß Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Venice (cod.Gr.Z.388 c. VI)
97 Alexander standing in Diogenes’ light (Rome, Villa Albani)
Archivi Alinari
110 The campaigns of Marcus Aurelius, depicted on his column in Rome
Fototeca Unione, American Academy in Rome
122 Aristotle, attributed to Lysippus (fourth century bc)
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
137 Chrysippus, in a statue in the Louvre (third century ad)
Giraudon/Bridgeman Art Library
149 Socrates in a wall-painting from Ephesus
Sonia Halliday Photographs
158 Plato’s cave (Flemish school, sixteenth century)
Giraudon/Bridgeman Art Library
167 The opening of a book of Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura in an illuminated
manuscript
British Library (Add ms 11912 f 2)
182 Alexander the Great and Aristotle
British Library ( (Royal ms 20Bxx f 77v)
201 Parmenides and Heraclitus
Archivi Alinari
206 Plato (Museo Vaticano)
Archivi Alinari
216 Plato trodden by Aquinas (Caraffa Chapel, S. Maria sopra Minerva,
Rome)
Archivi Alinari
230 Pythagoras calculating the height of Hercules (from a fifteenth-
century manuscript of Aulus Gellius)
ß Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan (cod.S/P 10/28, 90v)
235 The death of Socrates, as depicted by Claude Dufresnoy
Archivi Alinari/Giraudon
238 Plato’s vision of the soul as charioteer, as illustrated by Donatello
Archivi Alinari/Giraudon
246 Aristotle teaching Averroes, represented by a sixteenth-century illu-
minator
The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York: PML 21194
332
ILLUSTRATIONS
254 St Augustine in his study (Vittorio Carpaccio, S. Giorgio, Venice)
Archivi Alinari, Florence
259 Democritus and Heraclitus, as imagined by Bramante
Archivi Alinari
268 Detail of illumination from Petrus de Abano, Conciliator differentiarum
philosophorum et medicorum (Venice: Herbort, 1483), attributed to the
Master of the Seven Virtues
Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague (169 D 3, f, a2r)
280 Zeno and Epicurus (plus swine) represented on a silver cup from
Boscoreale, first century ad
Lauros/Giraudon/Bridgeman Art Library
287 A Roman statue in the Louvre, traditionally entitled ‘The Death of
Seneca’
Giraudon/Bridgeman Art Library
300 Aristotle’s cosmology, as represented by Giovanni di Paolo in his
illustration to Dante’s Paradiso
British Library (Yates-Thompson ms 36 f 169r canto XXII)
308 Marcus Tullius Cicero as a schoolboy, in a fresco by V. Foppa
Trustees of the Wallace Collection, London
333
ILLUSTRATIONS
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INDEX
Academy 66–9, 100–101, 173–5
accidents 220
Achilles 19
active intellect 246
actuality 88, 186, 226–7, 244
Adeimantus 48, 57
adiaphora 283
adultery 257, 270
Aenesidemus 176
affirmative propos itions 117
akrasia 273
Alcibiades 35
Alexander of Aphrodisias xi, 112, 194, 252
Alexander the Great 73, 86, 89, 96, 182
alteration 191
Ambrose, St 114
anachronism xxiii
analysis 155
anatomy 71
Anaxagoras 24–6, 34, 233
Anaximander 5–7
Anaximenes 8
Andronicus of Rhodes 93
anger 76, 106
anthropomorphism 290
Anytus 34
apeiron 7
appearance vs reality 145, 170
appetite 238
Aquinas, St Thomas xviii, 216
Arcesilaus 94, 100, 172–3
arete 164, 259–77
argument from design 305
Aristophanes 34–5
Aristotle xi, xv, 1–4, 23, 65–91, 112,
116–36, 161–6, 178–92, 216–28,
296–302
Categories 116, 124–7
Constitution of Athens 82
De Anima 241–7
De Interpretatione 116, 123–4
Eudemian Ethics 79–81, 266–77
Eudemus 66
Generation and Corruption 179–80
History of Animals 69, 70
Magna Moralia 79, 81
Metaphyiscs 69, 161, 217–23, 299–301
Nicomachean Ethics 69, 79–81, 164–6,
247–8, 266–77
Organon 68
Parts of Animals 69
Physics 88, 178–92, 296–299
Poetics 75–8
Politics 82–7
Posterior Analytics 116
Prior Analytics 67, 116–121
Problems 88–9
Protrepticus 67
Rhetoric 73, 75
Sophistical Refutations 67, 116
Topics 67, 116
Arnold, Matthew 24, 304
art xvi–xix
asceticism 278
Aspasius 80, 112
aspect 186
assent 197
Assos 69
astrology 30811
atheism 294–6
Athens 33, 66, 89, 94
atomism 27, 63, 95, 168, 179–80
attunement 236, 253
augury 310
Augustine, St xxiii, 103, 113–5, 198, 254–6,
316
Augustus 104
auxiliaries 57–8
axioma 140
beauty 156
Being 75, 199–228
Being qua being 227–8
biology 69–73
Bolt, Robert 16
Bruno, Giordano 25
Caesar, Julius 103–4
Callicles 32
Callisthenes 87
canon xviii
canonic 166
Cantor, Georg 20
Carneades 100, 104, 173–5, 196–7, 308
Case, Thomas 80
categories 124–7, 191
Cato the Censor 100
causes 1, 87, 189–96
cave 158
Celsus 111
Chalcidius 64
change 226
character 78
charioteer 237–8
choir 313
Christianity, 109
Chrysippus 98–100, 137, 194–6, 254–5,
282, 306–8
Cicero xii, 100–104, 286, 303, 308–1
circle 50
classes 54, 213
Cleanthes 98, 105, 279, 307
Clement of Alexandria 110
Cleopatra 93
clocks 187
cognition 170
cognitive appeara nce 171
Coleridge, S.T. 90
commerce 86
common sensibles 244
commonality, principle of 51–2, 208
communism 58, 98
compass, points of 56
compatibilism 254
compulsion 254
concepts 168, 170
concrete universals 55
concrete vs abstract 221, 225
conjectures 169
consequentialism 270
constitution 280
contemplation 81, 276
contingency 130–4
continuum 178–81
contradictories 123
contraries 123
conversion 121
cosmology 62, 87–9
crafts 44, 261–3
Crates 59, 96
creation 294
Critias 48
Dante 91, 300
Darwin, Charles 23
death 94, 107, 249
definite description 156
definition 50, 222
deliberation 133
Delphic oracle 42
Demetrius of Phaleron 93
demiurge 37, 63
democracy 34, 59, 82, 84
Democritus 26–8, 95, 257–9
Demosthenes 68
Descartes, R. 301
determinism 196–8, 306
diagrams 26
dialectic 159–60, 210–11
Diodorus Cronos 97, 136–8
Diogenes Laertiu s 48, 82, 91, 94, 140
Diogenes of Oe noanda 279
Diogenes of Synope 96–7
Dion 48
Dionysius II 48
disciplines 74, 91
INDEX
336
divination 308–11
doctrine vs precepts 286
doxa 154–7
drama 77, 79
dreams 153, 310
Dryden, John 101
Eco, Umberto 76
education 58, 61
effects 190
efficient cause 1–2
eidola 249
elements 21, 63, 87
elenchus 37, 43
emotions 76
Empedocles, 20–4, 231–3
energeiai 185
envy 62
Epictetus xii, 107–8
Epicurus 94–6, 101–3, 166–9, 196, 277–9,
302–4
episteme 164–6
epistemological fallacy 177
ergon 164, 268
essence 218–25
Etruscan torture 67
Euclid 166
eudaimonia 81, 258, 266–77
Eudemus 80
events 190
evidence 169
evil, problem of 306
evolution 22
existence 199, 223–6
expansion of universe 25
experience 163
falsehood 214–5
family 83
Fate 309
fate 31 195
fiction 79, 226
figures of syllogism 119
final cause 1–3
fire, 14–16, 22
first philosophy 75
fish 72
flux 14, 205
formal cause 1–2
forms (Aristotelian) 222–3
Forms (Platonic ) 50, 213–6, 243–4
fortune 31
fossils 11
Frede, Michael xxi
free will xx
Frege, Gottlob xxi, 128, 166
Galen 109
garden roller 194, 197
garlic 89
Geminus 173
general sense 244
Genesis 3, 63
genus 224
Giovanni di P aolo 300
Glaucon 48, 57
gnome 157
God 36, 99, 289–316
gods, Homeric 64, 289–90
Good, Idea of 53
Gorgias 30
grammar 29
guardians 57–8
happiness 81, 258
harmony 14
hedonic calculus 263–5
hedonism 277–9
Hegel xv, 13
Helen of Troy 30
Heraclitus 11–17, 201, 204–5, 215, 232
heresy 62
Hermias 69
Hippias 29
history 79
holidays 26
Homer 13, 58, 76, 289–90
homonymy 127
homosexuality 62
horme 175
INDEX
337