John R. Fanchi - Principles of Applied Reservoir Simulation, Second Edition
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242
Principles
of
Applied
Reservoir Simulation
If
KDZ =
+1,
read
II
*
JJ
*
KK
values (one
for
each block).
8.
DZNET
DZNET
Net
gridblock
thickness
in z
direction (ft).
If
KDZ =
-1,
read
one
constant value.
If
KDZ = 0,
read
KK
values (one
for
each layer).
If
KDZ =
+1,
read
II x JJ x KK
values (one
for
each block).
24.1.2
Modifications
to
Grid Dimensions
1.
Heading
Up to 80
characters.
2.
NUMDX,
NUMDY,
NUMDZ, NUMDZN, IDCODE
NUMDX
Number
of
regions where
x
direction grid size (DX)
is
changed.
NUMDY
Number
of
regions where
y
direction grid size (DY)
is
changed.
NUMDZ
Number
of
regions where
z
direction gross thickness (DZ)
is
changed.
NUMDZN
Number
of
regions where
z
direction
net
thickness
(DZN)
is
changed.
IDCODE
= 0
means
do not
print
the
modified
distributions;
= 1
means print
the
modified
distributions.
3
II,
12,
Jl,
J2,
Kl,
K2,
DX
Omit
this
record
if
NUMDX
=
0.
11
Coordinate
of first
region block
in I
direction.
12
Coordinate
of
last region block
in I
direction.
J1
Coordinate
of first
region block
in J
direction.
J2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in J
direction.
Kl
Coordinate
of first
region block
in K
direction.
K2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in K
direction.
DX
New
value
of
x
direction
grid size
for
region
(ft).
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User's
Manual
243
NOTE:
NUMDX
records must
be
read.
4
I1,I2,J1,J2,K1,K2,DY
Omit
this record
ifNUMDY
= 0.
11
Coordinate
of first
region block
in I
direction.
12
Coordinate
of
last region block
in I
direction.
J1
Coordinate
of
first
region block
in J
direction.
J2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in J
direction,
K1
Coordinate
of first
region
block
in K
direction.
K2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in K
direction.
DY
New
value
of
y
direction grid size
for
region (ft).
NOTE:
NUMDY
records must
be
read.
5
I1,I2,J1,J2,K1,K2,DZ
Omit
this record
ifNUMDZ
=
0.
11
Coordinate
of first
region block
in I
direction.
12
Coordinate
of
last region block
in I
direction.
J1
Coordinate
of first
region block
in J
direction.
J2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in J
direction.
KI
Coordinate
of first
region block
in K
direction.
K2
Coordinate
of
last
region
block
in K
direction.
DZ
New
value
of z
direction
gross
thickness
for
region (ft).
NOTE:
NUMDZ
records
must
be
read.
6
II,
12,
Jl,
J2,
Kl,
K2,
DZNET
Omit
this record
ifNUMDZN
= 0.
11
Coordinate
of first
region block
in I
direction.
12
Coordinate
of
last region block
in I
direction.
J1
Coordinate
of first
region block
in J
direction.
J2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in J
direction.
Kl
Coordinate
of first
region block
in K
direction.
K2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in K
direction.
DZNET
New
value
of z
direction
net
thickness
for
region (ft).
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244
Principles
of
Applied
Reservoir
Simulation
NOTE:
NUMDZN
records must
be
read.
24.1.3 Depths
to Top of
Gridblocks
The
coordinate
system
used
in
WINB4D
is
defined
so
that values
in the
z
(vertical) direction increase
as the
layer gets deeper. Thus, depths must
be
read
as
depths below
the
user-selected
reference datum. Negative values
will
be
read
as
heights above
the
datum.
1.
Heading
Up to 80
characters.
2.
KEL
KEL
Control code
for
input
of
depth values.
KEL
0
1
2
3
Meaning
A
single constant value
is
read
for the
depth
to the top of all
grid-
blocks
in
layer
1
(horizontal
plane).
Each layer
is
contiguous
in
this
option. Depths
to the top of
gridblocks
in
layers below layer
1 are
calculated
by
adding
the
layer thickness
to the
preceding layer top;
thus
Top (I, J, K + 1)
=
Top (I, J,
K)
+ DZ (I, J, K)
A
separate depth value must
be
read
for
each
gridblock
in
layer
1
.
Read
II x JJ
values. Each layer
is
contiguous
in
this option. Depths
to the top of
gridblocks
in
layers below layer
1 are
calculated
by
adding
the
layer thickness
to the
preceding layer top; thus
Top (I, J,
K
+
1
)
= Top (I,
J,
K) + DZ (I, J, K)
A
separate depth value
is
read
for
each layer. Read
KK
values. Each
layer
is
horizontal (layer cake)
in
this
option.
A
separate depth value
is
read
for
each gridblock. Read
II x JJ x KK
values.
3.
ELEV
ELEV
Depth
to top of
gridblock (ft).
If
KEL
=
0,
read
one
constant value.
If KEL =
1,
read
II x JJ
values (one
for
each block
in
layer
1).
If
KEL = 2,
read
KK
values (one
for
each layer).
If
KEL = 3,
read
II x JJ x KK
values (one
for
each block).
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Part
IV:
WINB4D
User's
Manual
245
24.2 Seismic
Velocity
Parameters
24.2.1
Moduli
and
Grain Densities
1,
Heading
Up to 80
characters.
2
KKB,
KKG,
KMU,
KRHO
KKB
Control code
for
input
of the
frame
bulk modulus
(evacuated porous rock).
KKG
Control code
for
input
of the
grain bulk modulus (solid
matrix material).
KMU
Control code
for
input
of the
shear modulus (evacuated
porous rock).
KRHO Control code
for
input
of the
grain density (solid matrix
material).
Code
KKB
KKG
Value
-1
0
1
-1
0
1
Meaning
Frame bulk moduli
are the
same
for all
blocks
in the
grid.
Read only
one
value.
A
constant value
of
frame
bulk modulus
is
read
for
each
layer
in the
grid; each layer
may
have
a
different,
but
constant value. Read
KK
values.
Frame bulk moduli
are
read
for
each block
in the
grid.
Read
II x JJ x KK
values.
Grain
bulk moduli
are the
same
for all
blocks
in the
grid.
Read only
one
value.
A
constant value
of
grain bulk modulus
is
read
for
each
layer
in the
grid; each layer
may
have
a
different,
but
constant value. Read
KK
values.
Grain
bulk
moduli
are
read
for
each block
in the
grid.
Read
II x JJ x KK
values.
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246
Principles
of
Applied
Reservoir Simulation
Code
KMU
KRHO
Value
-1
0
1
-1
0
1
Meaning
Shear moduli
are the
same
for all
blocks
in the
grid.
Read
only
one
value.
A
constant value
of
shear modulus
is
read
for
each
layer
in
the
grid; each layer
may
have
a
different,
but
constant
value.
Read
KK
values.
Shear
moduli
are
read
for
each block
in the
grid. Read
II
x
JJ x KK
values.
Grain
densities
are the
same
for all
blocks
in the
grid.
Read only
one
value.
A
constant
value
of
grain
density
is
read
for
each
layer
in
the
grid; each layer
may
have
a
different,
but
constant
value. Read
KK
values.
Grain densities
are
read
for
each block
in the
grid. Read
II
xjjxKK
values.
3.
KB
KB
Frame
bulk modulus
(psia).
If
KKB
=
-1,
read
one
constant value.
If
KKB = 0,
read
KK
values (one
for
each layer).
If
KKB =
+1,
read
II x JJ x KK
values (one
for
each block).
NOTE:
In the
absence
of
relevant data,
a
value
of 3 x
10
6
psia
is a
reasonable estimate.
4.
KG
KG
Grain bulk modulus (psia).
If
KKG =
-1,
read
one
constant value.
If
KKG
=
0,
read
JJ
values (one
for
each layer).
If
KKG =
+1,
read
II x JJ
values (one
for
each block).
NOTE:
In the
absence
of
relevant data,
a
value
of 3
x
10
6
psia
is a
reasonable estimate.
5.
MU
MU
Shear modulus (psia).
TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine!
Part
IV:
WINB4D
User's
Manual
247
If
KMU
=
-1,
read
one
constant value.
If
KMU = 0,
read
KK
values (one
for
each layer),
If
KMU =
+1,
read
II x
Jj
x KK
values (one
for
each block).
NOTE:
In the
absence
of
relevant data,
a
value
of
3 x
10
6
psia
is a
reasonable estimate.
6
RHOMA
RHOMA
Grain density
(lbf/ft
3
).
If
KRHO
=
-1,
read
one
constant value.
If
KRHO
= 0,
read
KK
values (one
for
each layer).
If
KRHO
=
+1,
read
II x JJ x KK
values (one
for
each block).
NOTE:
In the
absence
of
relevant data,
a
value
of
168
lbf/ft
3
(corresponding
to 2.7
g/cm
3
)
is a
reasonable esti-
mate.
24.2.2
Modifications
to
Moduli
and
Grain Densities
1.
Heading
Up to 80
characters.
2
NUMKB,
NUMKG,
NUMMU,
NUMRHO,
IDCODE
NUMKB
Number
of
regions where frame bulk modulus (KB)
is
changed.
NUMKG Number
of
regions where grain bulk modulus (KG)
is
changed.
NUMMU Number
of
regions
where
shear
modulus (MU)
is
changed.
NUMRHO Number
of
regions where grain density
(RHO)
is
changed.
IDCODE
=
0
means
do not
print
the
modified distributions;
= 1
means print
the
modified distributions.
3
II,
12,
Jl,
J2,
Kl,
K2,
KB
Omit
this record
if
NUMKB
= 0.
TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine!
248
Principles
of
Applied
Reservoir Simulation
11
Coordinate
of first
region block
in I
direction.
12
Coordinate
of
last region block
in I
direction.
J1
Coordinate
of first
region block
in
J
direction.
J2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in J
direction.
Kl
Coordinate
of first
region block
in K
direction.
K2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in K
direction.
KB New
value
of
frame
bulk modulus (psia).
NOTE:
NUMKB
records
must
be
read.
4
II,
12,
Jl,
J2, Kl,
K2,
KG
Omit
this record
ifNUMKG
= 0.
11
Coordinate
of first
region
block
in I
direction.
12
Coordinate
of
last region block
in I
direction.
J1
Coordinate
of first
region block
in J
direction.
J2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in J
direction.
K1
Coordinate
of first
region block
in K
direction.
K2
Coordinate
of
last
region
block
in K
direction.
KG
New
value
of
grain bulk modulus (psia).
NOTE:
NUMKG
records must
be
read.
5
II,
12,
Jl, J2, Kl,
K2,
MU
Omit
this record
ifNUMMU
- 0.
11
Coordinate
of first
region block
in I
direction,
12
Coordinate
of
last region block
in I
direction.
J1
Coordinate
of first
region block
in J
direction.
J2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in J
direction.
K1
Coordinate
of first
region block
in K
direction.
K2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in K
direction.
MU
New
value
of
shear modulus.
NOTE: NUMMU records must
be
read.
6
I1,I2,J1,J2,K1,K2,
RHO
Omit
this record
ifNUMRHO
= 0.
TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine!
Part
IV:
WINB4D
User's
Manual
249
11
Coordinate
of
first
region block
in I
direction.
12
Coordinate
of
last
region
block
in I
direction.
J1
Coordinate
of
first
region block
in J
direction.
J2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in J
direction,
K1
Coordinate
of first
region block
in
K
direction.
K2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in K
direction.
RHO
New
value
of
grain density
(lbf/ft
3
).
NOTE:
NUMRHO
records must
be
read.
24.3
Porosity,
Permeability,
and
Transmissibility Distributions
24.3.1 Porosity
and
Permeability
1.
Heading
Up to 80
characters.
2.
KPH,
KKX,
KKY,
KKZ
KPH
Control code
for
input
of
porosity.
KKX
Control code
for
input
of
x
direction permeability.
KKY
Control
code
for
input
of
y
direction
permeability.
KKZ
Control code
for
input
of
z
direction permeability.
Code
KPH
KKX
Value
-1
0
1
-1
0
1
Meaning
The
porosity
is
constant
for all
gridblocks.
Read only
one
value.
A
constant value
is
read
for
each layer
in the
grid. Read
KK
values.
A
value
is
read
for
each block
in the
grid. Read
II x JJ x KK
values.
The
x
direction
permeability
is
constant
for all
gridblocks.
Read only
one
value.
A
constant value
is
read
for
each layer
in the
grid. Read
KK
values.
A
value
is
read
for
each block
in the
grid. Read
II x JJ x KK
values.
TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine!
250
Principles
of
Applied
Reservoir Simulation
Code
KKY
KKZ
Value
-1
0
I
-i
0
1
Meaning
The y
direction permeability
is
constant
for all
gridblocks.
Read only
one
value.
A
constant
value
is
read
for
each layer
in the
grid.
Read
KK
values.
A
value
is
read
for
each block
in the
grid. Read
II x
Jj
x KK
values.
The z
direction permeability
is
constant
for all
gridblocks.
Read only
one
value.
A
constant value
is
read
for
each
layer
in the
grid.
Read
KK
values.
A
value
is
read
for
each block
in the
grid. Read
II x
Jj
x
KK
values.
3.
PHI
PHI
Porosity
(fraction).
If
KPH
=
-1,
read
one
constant
value.
If
KPH
= 0,
read
KK
values (one
for
each layer).
If KPH =
+1,
read
II x
Jj
x KK
values (one
for
each block).
4.
PERMX
PERMX
Permeability
in x
direction
(md).
If
KKX
=
-1,
read
one
constant value.
If
KKX
= 0,
read
KK
values (one
for
each layer).
If KKX = +1,
read
II x
Jj
x KK
values (one
for
each block).
5.
PERMY
PERMY
Permeability
in y
direction (md).
If
KKY =
-1,
read
one
constant value.
If
KKY = 0,
read
KK
values (one
for
each layer).
If
KKY =
+1,
read
II x
Jj
x KK
values (one
for
each block).
TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine!
Part
IV:
WINB4D
User's
Manual
251
6
PERMZ
PERMZ
Permeability
in z
direction
(md).
If
KKZ =
-1,
read
one
constant value.
If
KKZ = 0,
read
KK
values (one
for
each layer).
If
KKZ =
+1,
read
II x JJ x KK
values (one
for
each block).
24.3.2 Modifications
to
Porosities
and
Permeabilities
1.
Heading
Up to 80
characters.
2
NUMP,
NUMKX,
NUMKY,
NUMKZ, IPCODE
NUMP Number
of
regions where porosity (PHI)
is
changed.
NUMKX Number
of
regions where
x
direction permeability
(PERMX)
is
changed.
NUMKY
Number
of
regions where
y
direction permeability
(PERMY)
is
changed.
NUMKZ Number
of
regions where
z
direction permeability
(PERMZ)
is
changed.
IPCODE
= 0
means
do not
print
the
modified distributions;
= 1
means print
the
modified distributions.
3
II,
12,
Jl,
J2,
Kl,
K2,
VALPHI
Omit
this record
if
NUMP
= 0.
11
Coordinate
of first
region block
in I
direction.
12
Coordinate
of
last region block
in I
direction.
J1
Coordinate
of first
region block
in J
direction.
J2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in J
direction.
Kl
Coordinate
of first
region block
in K
direction.
K2
Coordinate
of
last region block
in K
direction.
Code
•\J1
TA/fD
iNUMr
Value
<0
>0
Meaning
New
value
of
porosity
for
region (fr).
Multiply
value
of
porosity
by
VALPHI.
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