John R. Fanchi - Principles of Applied Reservoir Simulation, Second Edition

232

Principles

of

Applied

Reservoir Simulation

Table 23-3

Standard Configuration

of

WINB4D

Dimensioning

Parameters

Maximum number

of

blocks

in

model

Maximum

number

of

Rock regions

Maximum

number

of

entries

in a

Rock region table

Maximum number

of PVT

regions

Maximum

number

of

entries

in a PVT

region table

Maximum

number

of

wells

Maximum number

of

connections

per

well

1000

3

30

3

30

25

5

WINB4D

must

be

copied

to a

folder

on

your hard drive

before

running.

The

following procedure

is

recommended

for a CD

drive

D and

hard drive

C

running

Windows

95/98/NT:

+

Open Windows Explorer

and

select your

CD

drive.

4

Use a

Windows-based Unzip program

to

extract

all of the files

from

the

WINB4D

file on the CD to a

folder

on

your hard drive.

4

Respond

to

questions.

23.2 Input Data File

-

WTEMP.DAT

WINB4D

reads

a file

called WTEMP.DAT

and

outputs

to files

WTEMP.TSS, WTEMP.PLT, WTEMP.WEL,

WTEMP.ROF,

and

WTEMP.-

ARR.

The

output

files are

described

in

Chapter

26. You

should rename

any

runs

you

wish

to

save because

WINB4D

overwrites

the

WTEMP.*

files

when

it is

executed.

The

easiest

way to

prepare

a new

data

file is to

edit

an old

one. This will

give

you an

example

of the

formats needed

for

most options.

If you

start with

an

old

data set, make sure that

you

check

all

applicable data entries

and

make

changes

where

appropriate.

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233

23.3 Data Input Requirements

WINB4D

input data

is

divided into

two

parts: initialization data,

and

recurrent data. Initialization data

is

described

in

Chapter

24. It

includes data that

is

set at the

beginning

of the

study

and is not

expected

to

change during

a

model

ran.

Such

data includes

the

reservoir description

and fluid

properties. Recurrent

data

is

described

in

Chapter

25 and

refers

to

data that

is

expected

to

change

during

the

course

of a

simulation.

It

includes well schedules

and

timestep

control

information.

Additional

discussion

of

WINB4D

is

presented

in

Part

V:

Technical

Supplement.

Title

or

heading records

are

read before each major

and

many

minor

sections. These records

are

designed

to

make

the

input data

file

easier

to

read

and

edit.

All

input data, with

the

exception

of

well

names,

is

entered

as free

format

data.

Two

free

format

data entries must

be

separated

by a

comma

or a

space

if

they

are

entered

on the

same line.

In

many

cases,

codes

are

read that will

specify

the

type

of

input

to

follow

and

the

number

of

values that will

be

read. These

codes

increase

the

efficiency

and

flexibility of

entering input data.

Input

tabular data should cover

the

entire range

of

values expected

to

occur

in

a

simulation. Examples

of

tabular data include

fluid

property data entered

as

functions

of

pressure

and

relative permeability data entered

as

functions

of

saturation.

The

linear table interpolation algorithms

in

WINB4D

will return

tabulated

endpoint values

if the

independent variable goes outside

the

range

of

the

input tabular

values.

No

message

will

be

printed

if

this occurs.

If

an

array

of

input values must

be

read,

the

following input order must

be

followed. Layer

1

(K

= 1) is

read

first. The

data

in

each layer

are

read

by

rows, starting with

row 1 (J = 1).

Values

of the

array element

are

read

for the

first

row

starting with column

1 (I = 1) and

proceeding

to the end of the row

(column

I =

II). After

II

values

are

read,

the

values

are

entered. These values must begin

on a new

line. This data entry procedure

is

repeated

for all

rows and, subsequently,

for all

layers until

the

complete

set of

array

elements

has

been entered.

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234

Principles

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Applied

Reservoir Simulation

23.4 Example Input Data Sets

Several example input data sets

are

included with

the

book.

A few are

listed

below.

FILE

EXAM

1.

DAT

EXAM2.DAT

EXAM3.DAT

EXAM4.DAT

EXAM5.DAT

EXAM6.DAT

EXAM7.DAT

EXAM8.DAT

EXAM9.DAT

EXAM10.DAT

EXAM

11.

DAT

GRID

II x J J x

KK

IxlxJ

1x1x4

10 x

I

x 1

9x9x]

10 x 1

x4

9x9x2

10

x

10x3

9x9x2

10

x 8

x4

10

x 1

x2

MODEL

TYPE

Material

Balance

ID

Vertical

ID

Horizontal

2D

Areal

2D

Cross-

section

3D

2D

Cross-

section

REMARKS

Primary

depletion

of an

under-saturated

oil

reservoir (high GOR)

Primary

depletion

of an

under-

saturated

oil

reservoir (moderate GOR)

Buckley-Leverett

waterflood

Primary

depletion

of an

undersaturated

oil

reservoir (high GOR)

Multi-layer

waterflood

of an

undersaturated

oil

reservoir (high GOR)

5-spot waterflood

of an

under-

saturated

oil

reservoir (high GOR)

Gas

injection into undersaturated

oil

reservoir

(high GOR)

-

Odeh

example

Depletion

of gas

reservoir

Depletion

of gas

reservoir with

aquifer

support

Depletion

of a

faulted

oil

reservoir

with

multiple

PVT and

ROCK

regions

Depletion

of gas

reservoir with

aquifer

support

Example Input Data

Set

The

following data

set is

presented

to

illustrate

the

WINB4D

input

file

format.

Additional spacing

has

been provided between some lines

to

improve

data

set

readability.

The

actual

WINB4D

data

set

should

contain

no

blank lines

between records.

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235

BEGINNING

OF

DATA

SET

—

PRIMARY DEPLETION

OF AN OIL

RESERVOIR

-

VERTICAL

COLUMN

MODEL

GRID DIMENSIONS

1,

4,3,3,30,10,10

Gridblock

LENGTHS

-I

-1

00

2000.0

1200.0

2*50.0 2*60.0

2*36.0

2*38.0

Gridblock

LENGTH

MODIFICATIONS

0,

0, 0, 0, 0

DEPTH

TO TOP OF

UPPER SAND

2

9330

9380

9430

9490

MODULI

AND

ROCK DENSITY

-1

-1-1

3E6

168

MODULI

AND

ROCK DENSITY MODIFICATIONS

00000

POROSITY

AND

PERMEABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

0000

2*0.20 2*0.25

2*75

2*250

2*75

2*250

2*7.5 2*25

POROSITY

AND

PERMEABILITY MODIFICATION CARDS

0,

0, 0, 0, 0

TRANSMISSIBILITY MOD.

-

NO

FLOW BETWEEN LAYERS

2 AND 3

0, 0, 1, 0

111133

0.0

ROCK

AND PVT

REGIONS

1,

!

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236

Principles

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Applied

Reservoir Simulation

SAT

KRO

KRW

KRG

KROG

PCOW PCGO

0,00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.0 0.0 0.0

0,03

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.05

0.00 0.00 0.02

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.10

0.00 0.00 0.09

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.15

0.00 0.00

0.16

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.20

0.00 0.00 0.24

0.0 0.0 0.0

0,25

0.00 0.00 0.33

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.30

0,0001

0.00 0.43

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.35

0.001

0.005

0.55

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.40

0.01

0.010 0.67

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.45

0.03 0.017 0.81

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.50

0.08

0.023

1.00

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.55

0.18

0.034

1.00

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.60

0.32

0.045

1.00

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.65

0.59

0.064

1.00

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.70

1.00

0.083

1.00

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.80

1.00 0,12 1.00

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.90

LOO

0.12 1.00

0.0 0.0 0.0

1.00

1.00 0.12

LOO 0.0 0.0 0.0

ITHREE

SW(IRR.)

0,

0.30

PBO

PBODAT

PBGRAD

2514.7,

9200.0,

0.0

VSLOPE BSLOPE RSLOPE PMAX REPRS

0.000046, -0.000023,

0.0,

6014.7,

0

OIL:P

14.7

514.7,

1014.7,

1514.7,

2014.7,

2514.7,

3014.7,

4014.7,

5014.7,

6014.7,

MUO

1.0400

0.9100,

0.8300,

0.7650,

0.6950,

0.6410,

0.5940,

0.5100,

0.4500,

0.4100,

BO

1.0620

1.1110,

1.1920,

1.2560,

1.3200,

1.3800,

1.4260,

1.4720,

1.4900,

1.5000,

RSO

1.0

89.0

208.0

309.0

392.0

457.0

521.0

586.0

622.0

650.0

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WINB4D

User's

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237

WATER:

P MUW BW RSW

14.7,

0.5000,

1.0190,

0.0

514.7,

0.5005,

1.0175

0.0

1014.7,

0.5010, 1.0160,

0.0

1514.7,

0.5015, 1.0145,

0.0

2014.7,

0.5020, 1.0130,

0.0

2514.7,

0.5025,

1.0115,

0.0

3014.7,

0.5030, 1.0100,

0.0

4014.7,

0.5040, 1.0070,

0.0

5014.7,

0.5050, 1.0040,

0.0

6014.7,

0.5060,

1.0010,

0.0

GAS AND

ROCK PROPERTIES

0

P

MUG BG

PSI

CR

14.7, 0.008000, 0.935800, 0.0, 0.000003

514.7,

0.011200, 0.035200, 0.0, 0.000003

1014.7,

0.014000, 0.018000, 0.0, 0.000003

1514.7,

0.016500, 0.012000, 0.0, 0.000003

2014.7,

0.018900, 0.009100, 0.0, 0.000003

2514.7,

0.020800, 0.007400, 0.0, 0.000003

3014.7,

0.022800,

0.006300,

0.0, 0.000003

4014.7,

0.026000,

0.004900,

0.0,

0.000003

5014.7,

0.028500,

0.004000,

0.0,

0.000003

6014.7,

0.030000,

0.003400, 0.0,

0.000003

RHOSCO

RHOSCW

RHOSCG

46.244,

62.238, 0.0647

EQUILIBRIUM

PRESSURE INIT.

/

CONSTANT SATURATION INIT.

1,

1, 0, 0

4000,

9600,

0,

8000

0.70,

0,

0.25

NMAX

FACT1

FACT2 TMAX

WORM

AX

GORMAX

PAMIN

PAMAX

1000, 1.50, 0.50, 365, 5.0, 500000, 1500, 6000

KSOL

MITR

OMEGA

TOL

TOL1 DSMAX DPMAX

NUMDIS

1,

100, 1.50, 0.1, 0.001, 0.05, 100.0,

1

AQUIFER

MODEL

0

RECURRENT

DATA

***

DATA

SET 1 -

HISTORY

***

1,

4

91.25

182.5 273.75 365.0

1,

I,

0,

1

0, 0,

0,

0, 0

5.0,

1.0, 10.0

WELL

INFORMATION

I

0

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238

Principles

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Applied

Reservoir Simulation

WELL

P-1

P-l

I

4

I,

1, 1, 2.7

2600

1,

2, 2.7

2600

1,

1, 3, 9.4

2600

1,

4, 9.4

2600

1,

500.0, 0.0, 0.0,

0.0

END

OF

DATA

SET

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Initialization

Data

Initialization

data records

are

read once

at the

beginning

of the

simulation.

They

must

be

read

in the

order presented below.

1.

Title

Up to 80

characters; this record will appear

as run

title.

24.1 Grid

Dimensions

and

Geometry

24.1.1 Grid Dimensions

1.

Heading

Up to 80

characters.

2.

II, JJ,

KK,

IOROK,

IOPVT,

IOTBL,

IONWL,

IOCON

Code

II

JJ

KK

IOROK

IOPVT

Meaning

number

of

gridblocks

in the x

direction

number

of

gridblocks

in

they

direction

number

of

gridblocks

in the z

direction

maximum

number

of

Rock regions (such

as 3)

maximum

number

of PVT

regions (such

as 3)

239

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240

Principles

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Applied

Reservoir

Simulation

Code

IOTBL

IONWL

IOCON

Meaning

maximum

number

of

entries

in PVT and

Saturation tables

(such

as 30)

maximum

number

of

wells (such

as 10)

maximum

number

of

connections

per

well (such

as 10)

3.

Heading

Up to 80

characters.

4.

KDX,

KDY,

KDZ,

KDZNET

KDX

Control code

for

input

of

x

direction grid size.

KDY

Control code

for

input

of

y

direction grid

size.

KDZ

Control code

for

input

of

z

direction gross

gridblock

thick-

nesses.

KDZNET

Control code

for

input

of z

direction

net

gridblock thick-

nesses.

Code

KDX

KDY

Value

-1

0

1

-1

0

Meaning

The

x

direction grid dimensions

are the

same

for all

blocks

in the

grid. Read only

one

value.

The x

direction dimensions

are

read

for

each block

in

the

first

row (J = 1) of

layer

one (K =

1).

These

same

values

are

assigned

to all

other rows

and all

other layers

in

the

model grid. Read

II

values.

The x

direction dimensions

are

read

for

each

block

in

layer

one (K =

1

).

These same values

are

assigned

to all

other layers

in the

grid. Read

II

x

JJ

values.

The y

direction grid dimensions

are the

same

for all

blocks

in the

grid. Read only

one

value.

The

y

direction dimensions

are

read

for

each block

in

the

first

column

(I = 1) of

layer

one (K

=

1).

These

values

are

assigned

to all

other columns

and all

other

layers

in the

model grid. Read

JJ

values.

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WINB4D

User's

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241

Code

KDZ

KDZNET

Value

1

-1

0

1

-1

0

1

Meaning

The

j;

direction dimensions

are

read

for

each block

in

layer

one

(K

=

1

).

These same values

are

assigned

to all

other layers

in the

grid. Read

II x JJ

values.

The z

direction gross thickness

is the

same

for

all

blocks

in

the

grid.

Read only

one

value.

A

constant value

of

gross thickness

is

read

for

each

layer

in the

grid; each layer

may

have

a

different,

but

constant value. Read

KK

values.

The z

direction gross thickness

is

read

for

each block

in

the

grid.

Read

II x

JJ

x KK

values.

The z

direction

net

thickness

is the

same

for all

blocks

in the

grid. Read only

one

value.

A

constant value

of net

thickness

is

read

for

each

layer

in the

grid; each layer

may

have

a

different,

but

constant value. Read

KK

values.

The z

direction

net

thickness

is

read

for

each block

in

the

grid. Read

II x JJ x

KK

values.

5.

DX

Gridblock

size

in x

direction

(ft).

If

KDX

=

-1,

read

one

constant value.

If

KDX

=

0,

read

II

values (one

for

each

row).

If KDX =

+1,

read

II x JJ

values (one

for

each

K = 1

block).

6.

DY

Gridblock size

in y

direction (ft).

If

KDY

=

-1,

read

one

constant value.

If

KDY

= 0,

read

JJ

values (one

for

each column).

If KDY =

+1,

read

II x JJ

values (one

for

each

K

=

1

block).

7.

DZ

Gross

gridblock

thickness

in z

direction (ft).

If

KDZ =

-1,

read

one

constant value.

If

KDZ = 0,

read

KK

values

(one

for

each layer).

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John R. Fanchi - Principles of Applied Reservoir Simulation, Second Edition

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