Jarvis A., Lebredo R., Mena-Ayllon F. Hola, amigos! Worktext. Volume 1
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Nuestras clases
◆
treinta y uno 31
If the answer to a question is negative, the word
◆
no appears twice: once at
the beginning of the sentence, as in English, and again before the verb.
—¿Trabajan Uds. en la cafetería? “Do you work in the cafeteria?”
—No, nosotros no trabajamos en “No, we don’t work in the
la cafetería. cafeteria.”
For more practice with
lesson topics, find additional
resources on the ¡Hola, amigos!
Advantage Edition Website
at cengage.com/spanish/
holaamigos_adved.
Spanish does not use an auxiliary verb, such as the English do or
does, in a negative sentence.
¡Atención!
Ella no estudia inglés. She does not study English.
Yo no estudio hoy. I do not study today.
Práctica y conversación
A. ¿Qué preguntó? (What did he ask? ) Complete the following dialogues
by supplying the questions that would elicit the responses given.
1. —¿ ? —Sí, estudiamos en la biblioteca.
2. —¿ ? —No, este semestre tomo sociología.
3. —¿ ? —No, deseamos agua mineral.
4. —¿ ? —Sí, ellos trabajan en el verano.
5. —¿ ? —No, tomo jugo.
6. —¿ ? —No, deseo una taza de chocolate.
Oui, oui!
¡
Caramba!
¡
Yo no
hablo francés!
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
.
32 treinta y dos
◆
Lección 2
B. ¿Quiere saber? This person wants to know many things. Use the cues
provided to give him the information.
modelo:
◆ —¿Ud. es de Miami? (Nueva York)
—No, no soy de Miami; soy de Nueva York.
1. ¿Tú necesitas el libro? (el horario de clases)
2. ¿Tú tomas café? (té frío)
3. ¿Necesitamos muchos libros? (dos)
4. ¿Rebeca es puertorriqueña? (cubanoamericana)
5. ¿Elsa termina a las ocho? (a las siete)
6. ¿Ellos hablan español? (inglés)
7. ¿Es difícil la clase de geografía? (fácil).
8. ¿Tu nueva compañera de cuarto es baja? (alta)
C. Sobre el diálogo (About the dialogue) With a partner, reread the
dialogue on p. 22. Then ask each other questions that you know will elicit
negative answers about the people in the dialogue.
modelo ◆ : —¿Lisa es mexicana?
—No, Lisa no es mexicana; es norteamericana.
3. Possessive adjectives (Adjetivos posesivos)
Forms of the Possessive Adjectives
Singular Plural
mi mis my
tu tus your ( fam.)
your ( form.)
his
su sus her
its
their
nuestro(a) nuestros(as) our
vuestro(a) vuestros(as) your (fam. pl.)
Possessive adjectives
◆
1
always precede the nouns they introduce. They agree
in number (singular or plural) with the nouns they modify.
Yo
necesito
mi
libro.
mochila.
Yo
necesito
mis
libros.
mochilas.
1
See Appendix C.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Nuestras clases
◆
treinta y tres 33
Nuestro
◆
and vuestro are the only possessive adjectives that have the
feminine endings -a and -as. The others take the same endings for both
genders.
nuestro libro.
Nosotros necesitamos
nuestra computadora.
nuestros libros.
Nosotros necesitamos
nuestras computadoras.
Possessive adjectives agree with the thing possessed and
◆
not with the
possessor. For instance, two male students would refer to their female
professor as nuestra profesora, because profesora is feminine.
Because
◆
su and sus have several possible meanings, the forms de él, de ella,
de ellos, de ellas, de Ud., or de Uds. can be substituted to avoid confusion.
Use this pattern: article noun de pronoun.
—¿Es la amiga de él? “Is she his friend?”
—Sí, es su amiga. “Yes, she is his friend.”
Práctica y conversación
A. En la clase Complete the following exchanges using the appropriate
possessive adjectives that correspond to each subject. Then act them out
with a partner.
1. —¿Tú necesitas bolígrafo rojo?
—Sí, necesito bolígrafo rojo y lápices negros.
2. —¿De dónde es la profesora de Uds.?
— profesora es de Los Ángeles.
3. —¿Qué necesita Roberto?
—Necesita cuadernos y libro de español.
4. —Los alumnos de Uds., ¿son mexicanos?
—No, alumnos son argentinos.
5. —¿Qué necesita Ana? ¿ mochila?
—No, necesita reloj.
For more practice with
lesson topics, find additional
resources on the ¡Hola, amigos!
Advantage Edition Website
at cengage.com/spanish/
holaamigos_adved.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
34 treinta y cuatro
◆
Lección 2
B. Entreviste a su compañero(a) Interview your partner, using the
following questions.
1. ¿De dónde es tu mejor (best) amigo(a)?
2. ¿Tus padres (parents) son de Miami?
3. ¿Necesitas tus libros hoy?
4. ¿Son interesantes tus clases?
5. ¿Es simpático(a) tu compañero(a) de cuarto?
6. ¿Tú y tus amigos estudian juntos?
7. ¿Dónde estudian?
8. ¿Las clases de Uds. son fáciles o difíciles?
4. Gender of nouns, part II (Género de los nombres, parte II )
Here are practical rules to help you determine the gender of those nouns that do
not end in -o or -a. There are also a few important exceptions.
Nouns ending in
◆
-ción, -sión, -tad, and -dad are feminine.
la lección lesson la libertad liberty
la televisión television la universidad university
Many words that end in
◆
-ma are masculine.
el programa program el clima climate
el sistema system el problema problem
el tema theme el poema poem
el idioma language
The gender of nouns that have other endings and that do not refer to males
◆
or females must be learned. Remember that it is helpful to memorize a noun
with its corresponding article.
el español el borrador la noche la clase
el inglés el reloj la tarde la leche
el café el té la luz la calle
Práctica
A. ¿Qué es...? For each illustration or set of words, give the Spanish noun
together with its corresponding definite article.
4.
6.
5.
8.
7.
9.
For more practice with
lesson topics, find additional
resources on the ¡Hola, amigos!
Advantage Edition Website
at cengage.com/spanish/
holaamigos_adved.
1. francés, italiano, portugués 2. Harvard, Yale, Stanford
3. Quito, Lima, Bogotá
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Nuestras clases
◆
treinta y cinco 35
5. Numbers 40 to 200 (Números de 40 a 200 )
Learn the Spanish numbers from forty to two hundred.
40 cuarenta 90 noventa
41 cuarenta y uno 100 cien
1
45 cuarenta y cinco 101 ciento uno
50 cincuenta 115 ciento quince
60 sesenta 175 ciento setenta y cinco
70 setenta 180 ciento ochenta
80 ochenta 200 doscientos
Práctica y conversación
A. Sumas y restas With a partner, take turns solving the problems.
1. 27 13
2. 37 12
3. 90 15
4. 75 23
5. 52 20
6. 200 30
7. 65 35
8. 80 35
9. 16 56
10. 40 22
11. 200 10
12. 200 100
B. Números de teléfono Ask three or four classmates their phone numbers.
To give a phone number, say the first number alone and the rest in pairs. This
pattern is common in many Spanish-speaking countries.
modelo: ◆ —¿Cuál es tu número de teléfono?
—Es el 9–24–85–97.
C. Reservaciones With a partner, take turns giving the phone numbers
that the people have to call in order to make reservations at different
restaurants. Take into account the names of the restaurants and the type of
food that the people want to eat.
Restaurantes
El Tango 8-95-82-44
Le Bon Croissant 8-65-73-57
El Romano 9-41-86-68
Los Mariachis 9-52-90-71
Café Madrid 8-64-76-99
1. Jorge and Marta would like to have Italian food.
2. Carlos and Nora feel like eating Argentinian food.
3. Fernando and Sara have a craving for enchiladas.
4. Roberto and Eva would like some French food.
5. Luis and Raquel would like a good paella.
2
1
When counting beyond 100, ciento is used: ciento uno.
2
A traditional Spanish rice dish.
For more practice with
lesson topics, find additional
resources on the ¡Hola, amigos!
Advantage Edition Website
at cengage.com/spanish/
holaamigos_adved.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
36 treinta y seis
◆
Lección 2
6. Telling time (La hora)
The following word order is used for telling time in Spanish:
◆
Es la y
or hour or minutes
Son las menos
Es la una y veinte. Son las cinco menos diez
Es
◆
is used with una.
Es la una y cuarto. It is a quarter after one.
Son
◆
is used with all the other hours.
Son las dos y cuarto. It is a quarter after two.
Son las cinco y diez. It is ten after five.
The feminine definite article is always used before the hour, since it refers to
◆
la hora.
Es la una menos veinticinco. It is twenty-five to one.
Son las cuatro y media. It is four-thirty.
The hour is given first, then the minutes.
◆
Son las cuatro y diez. It is ten after four. (literally, “four
and ten”)
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Nuestras clases
◆
treinta y siete 37
menos
y media
CUARTO
y
The equivalent of past or after is y.
◆
Son las doce y cinco. It is five after twelve.
The equivalent of
◆
to or 'til is menos. It is used with fractions of time up to a
half hour.
Son las ocho menos veinte. It is twenty to eight. (literally, “eight
minus twenty”)
To find out at what time an event will take place, use ¿A qué hora...?
as shown below. Observe that in the responses the equivalent of at time is
a la(s) time.
¡Atención!
—¿A qué hora es la clase de arte? “What time is art class?”
—A la una. “At one o’clock.”
—¿A qué hora termina Julio hoy? “What time does Julio finish today?”
—A las cinco y media. “At five-thirty.”
Note the difference between
◆
de la and por la in expressions of time.
When a specific time is mentioned,
◆
de la (mañana, tarde, noche) should
be used. This is the equivalent to the English a.m. and p.m.
Estudiamos a las cuatro de We study at 4 p.m.
la tarde.
When no specific time is mentioned,
◆
por la (mañana, tarde, noche)
should be used.
Yo trabajo por la mañana y ella I work in the morning and she
trabaja por la noche. works at night.
Para los horarios de aviones (planes),
trenes, autobuses y algunas (some)
invitaciones, se usa el sistema de veinticuatro
horas. Por ejemplo, las cuatro de la tarde son
las dieciséis horas.
¿Hay un sistema similar en su país?
◆
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
38 treinta y ocho
◆
Lección 2
Práctica y conversación
A. ¿Qué hora es? Give the time indicated on the following clocks, writing
out the numerals in Spanish. Start with clock number one; then read the
times aloud.
12
3
6
9
12
6
3
9
12
6
3
9
12
3
9
6
12
6
3
9
12
3
6
9
12
6
9
3
6
3
9
12
12
6
3
9
11
12
10
89
1
2
3
5
4
12
3
6
9
7
6
12
3
6
9
B. Entreviste a su compañero(a) Interview your partner, asking the
following questions.
1. ¿A qué hora es tu primera ( first) clase?
2. ¿A qué hora termina?
3. ¿A qué hora termina tu última clase?
4. ¿Estudias por la mañana, por la tarde o por la noche?
5. ¿Mañana estudiamos juntos(as)? ¿A qué hora deseas estudiar?
6. ¿A qué hora trabajas?
7. ¿A qué hora terminas de trabajar?
8. ¿A qué hora es tu programa de televisión favorito?
C. Nuestros horarios With a partner, talk about your class schedule.
Indicate whether your classes are in the morning, afternoon, or evening.
For more practice with
lesson topics, find additional
resources on the ¡Hola, amigos!
Advantage Edition Website
at cengage.com/spanish/
holaamigos_adved.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Nuestras clases
◆
treinta y nueve 39
7. Days of the week, and months and seasons of the year
(Los días de la semana, y los meses y las estaciones del año)
Days of the week (Los días de la semana)
In Spanish-speaking countries, the week begins on Monday.
◆
Note that the days of the week are not capitalized in Spanish.
◆
The days of the week are masculine in Spanish. The masculine definite
◆
articles el and los are used with them to express on: el lunes, los martes, etc.
To ask: “What day is today?” say,
◆
“¿Qué día es hoy?”
Months of the year (Los meses del año)
enero January mayo May septiembre September
febrero February junio June octubre October
marzo March julio July noviembre November
abril April agosto August diciembre December
In Spanish, months are not capitalized.
¡Atención!
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
40 cuarenta
◆
Lección 2
Seasons of the year (Las estaciones del año)
Note that all the seasons are masculine except
◆
la primavera.
To ask for the date, say:
◆
¿Qué fecha es hoy? What’s the date today?
When telling the date, always begin with the expression
◆
Hoy es...
Hoy es el 20 de mayo. Today is May 20.
Note that the number is followed by the preposition
◆
de (of ), and then the
month.
el 15 de mayo May 15
el 10 de septiembre September 10
el 12 de octubre October 12
The ordinal number
◆
primero ( first) is used when referring to the first day of
the month.
1
el primero de febrero February 1
—¿Qué fecha es hoy, el “What’s the date today,
primero de octubre? October 1?”
—No, hoy es el 2 de octubre. “No, today is October 2.”
la primavera el verano
el otoño
el invierno
1
In Spanish today, many people say el uno de: el uno de febrero.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.