Italian Demystified. A self-Teaching Guide
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Oral Practice
Practice saying the following sentences out loud.
Marco, avresti pagato il conto? Mark, would you have paid the bill?
Sì, avrei pagato il conto, ma non Yes, I would have paid the bill, but I did
avevo soldi. not have any money.
È vero che i tuoi cugini sarebbero Is it true that your cousins would have
già arrivati? already arrived?
Sì, sarebbero arrivati ieri sera. Yes, they would have arrived last night.
Quando saresti uscita ieri, Pina? When would you have gone out yesterday,
Pina?
Sarei uscita presto, ma invece non I would have gone out early, but instead
sono uscita affatto. I did not go out at all.
Marco e Maria, è vero che avreste Mark and Maria, is it true that you
venduto la macchina? would have sold the car?
Sì, avremmo venduto la macchina, Yes, we would have sold the car, but no
ma nessuno la voleva. one wanted it.
Anche i nostri genitori avrebbero Our parents would also have sold the car.
venduto la macchina.
Written Practice 3
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate past conditional forms of the indicated
verbs.
1. Voi il conto? Would you have paid
the bill?
Sì, il conto, ma non avevamo
soldi. Yes, we would have paid the bill, but we did not have any money.
Anche loro il conto, ma anche loro
non avevano soldi. They would also have paid the bill, but they also did
not have money.
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2. È vero che tuo fratello ? Is it true that
your brother would have arrived?
Sì, ieri sera. Yes, he would have
arrived last night.
3. Anche i tuoi amici, iera sera,
vero? Even your friends would have arrived last night, right?
Sì, anche loro . Yes, they would also
have arrived.
4. Quando ieri, Maria? When would
you have gone out yesterday, Mary?
presto, ma invece non sono uscita
affatto. I would have gone out early, but instead I did not go out at all.
5. Anche voi , vero? You also would
have gone out, right?
Sì, anche noi . Yes, we would also
have gone out.
6. Maria, è vero che la
macchina? Mary, is it true that you would have sold the car?
Sì, la macchina, ma nessuno la
voleva. Yes, I would have sold the car, but no one wanted it.
Anche mio fratello la macchina. My
brother would also have sold the car.
Using Negatives
Negatives are words that allow you to deny, refuse, or oppose something. Any sen-
tence can be made negative in Italian by simply putting non before the verb.
Non conosco nessuno qui. I do not know anyone here.
Non pratico più lo sport. I do not do sports anymore.
The following are some common negative constructions. You have seen virtually
all of them in previous chapters. Notice that non is a part of each construction.
non… affatto not at all
non… mai never, not ever
non… nessuno no one
non… niente, nulla nothing
non… più no more, no longer
non… neanche, non... nemmeno not even
non… né… né neither . . . nor
non… mica not really, not quite, not at all
Oral Practice
Practice saying the following sentences out loud.
Marco sa cantare bene, vero? Mark knows how to sing well, doesn’t he?
No, non sa cantare affatto. No, he does not know how to sing at all.
È vero che tu bevi sempre l’espresso? Is it true that you always drink espresso?
No, non bevo mai l’espresso. No, I never drink espresso.
È vero che lui va spesso in centro? Is it true that he goes downtown often?
No, lui non va mai in centro. No, he never goes downtown.
Conosci qualcuno in questa città? Do you know someone in this city?
No, non conosco nessuno. No, I do not know anyone.
Marco, che cosa vuoi fare oggi? Mark, what do you want to do today?
Non voglio fare niente. I do not want to do anything.
C’è qualcosa da fare? Is there something to do?
No, non c’è nulla da fare. No, there is nothing to do.
Voi andate sempre in Italia, no? You always go to Italy, don’t you?
No, non andiamo più in Italia. No, we do not go to Italy anymore.
Ti piace l’espresso? Do you like espresso?
No, e non mi piace nemmeno No, and I do not like cappuccino either.
il cappuccino.
Vuoi la pasta o la minestra? Do you want pasta or soup?
Non voglio né pasta né minestra. I want neither pasta nor soup.
È vero che viene anche lui alla Is it true that he is also coming to the
festa? party?
No, non è mica vero. No, it is not true at all.
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Written Practice 4
Complete each negative sentence by fi lling in the blank with the appropriate nega-
tive construction.
1. Tuo fratello sa suonare bene il pianoforte, vero? Your brother knows how to
play the piano well, doesn’t he?
No, non sa suonare . No, he does not know how to play at
all.
2. È vero che tu guardi sempre la televisione? Is it true that you always watch
television?
No, non guardo la televisione. No, I never watch
television.
3. È vero che lui va spesso al cinema? Is it true that he goes to the movies
often?
No, lui non va al cinema. No, he never goes to the
movies.
4. Conosci qualcuno in Italia? Do you know someone in Italy?
No, non conosco . No, I do not know anyone.
5. Pino, che cosa vuoi fare oggi? Pino, what do you want to do today?
Non voglio fare . I do not want to do anything.
6. Hai qualcosa da dire? Do you have something to say?
No, non ho da dire. No, I have nothing to say.
7. Voi andate sempre in vacanza, no? You always go on vacation, don’t you?
No, non andiamo . No, we do not go anymore.
8. Ti piace la carne? Do you like meat?
No, e non mi piace la pasta. No, and I do not like pasta
either.
9. Vuoi l’espresso o il cappuccino? Do you want espresso or cappuccino?
Non voglio l’espresso il cappuccino. I
want neither espresso nor cappuccino.
10. È vero che vieni anche tu alla festa? Is it true that you are also coming to
the party?
No, non è vero. No, it is not true at all.
Italian People
Most of Italy’s people live in urban areas (i centri urbani). Italy’s largest cities, in
order of population, are Rome (Roma), Milan (Milano), and Naples (Napoli). Each
has more than a million people. Many of the country’s cities are surrounded by
large metropolitan areas.
The most densely populated areas of the country are the industrialized regions
(le regioni) of Lombardy (la Lombardia) and Liguria (la Liguria) in the north-
west and the region of Campania (la Campania) in the south. The areas with the
lowest population density are the mountainous regions of both the north and south.
Most of Italy’s people are ethnic Italians. The only sizable ethnic minorities (le
minoranze) are Germans who live in il Trentino Alto Adige region, which borders
Austria; and Slovenes who inhabit the Trieste area, along the border of Italy and
Slovenia. In addition, a number of ethnic French people live in the Valle D’Aosta (la
Valle d’Aosta) region, near Italy’s border with France and Switzerland.
Italians have also emigrated throughout the world. There are many Italians in the
United States today who can trace their origins to Italy.
QUIZ
For each future tense verb provided, give the corresponding conditional and condi-
tional perfect forms. For example:
io arriverò
io arriverei io sarei arrivato/a
Simple Conditional Conditional Perfect
1. io venderò
io preferirò
tu mangerai
tu metterai
lui comincerà
lei chiederà
noi pagheremo
noi chiuderemo
voi cercherete
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voi metterete
loro mangeranno
loro chiederanno
Choose the appropriate future, future perfect, conditional, or conditional perfect
tense for the following sentences, as necessary.
2. Lui il conto, ma non ha soldi.
(a) pagherà (c) pagherebbe
(b) avrà pagato (d) avrebbe pagato
3. Mia sorella la macchina, ma è ancora troppo giovane.
(a) comprerà (c) comprerebbe
(b) avrà comprato (d) avrebbe comprato
4. Domani lui il conto di sicuro.
(a) pagherà (c) pagherebbe
(b) avrà pagato (d) avrebbe pagato
5. dire qualcosa, per favore?
(a) Potrò (c) Potrei
(b) Avrò potuto (d) Avrei potuto
6. Mi la sua matita, professore?
(a) darà (c) darebbe
(b) avrà dato (d) avrebbe dato
7. Quella ragazza l’italiano l’anno prossimo.
(a) studierà (c) studierebbe
(b) avrà studiato (d) avrebbe studiato
8. Mi ha detto che sua sorella alla festa, ma deve studiare.
(a) verrà (c) verrebbe
(b) sarà venuta (d) sarebbe venuta
Rewrite each sentence, using a negative construction.
9. Lui mangia sempre gli spaghetti.
.
Ieri ho mangiato la carne e le patate.
.
Marco conosce tutti in quella scuola.
.
Lui vuole qualcosa.
.
Quello è proprio vero.
.
Personal Matters! Answer the question appropriately.
10. Quali grandi città italiane vorresti vedere?
.
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CHAPTER 18
Using Object
Pronouns
Here’s what you will learn in this chapter:
Object Pronouns
Object Pronouns with Past Participles
A Bit More About Adjectives
Adverbs
Computers and the Internet
Object Pronouns
Mi hai telefonato ieri sera? Sì, ti ho telefonato verso le sei. Did you call me last
night? Yes, I called you around six. In these two sentences you see the object pro-
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346 Italian Demystifi ed
nouns mi and ti. Object pronouns occur often in conversation. Their main use is to
replace direct or indirect objects. Take a look.
Direct Object
Marco sta leggendo quel libro Marco is reading that book now.
adesso.
Direct Object Pronoun
Marco lo sta leggendo adesso. Marco is reading it now.
Indirect Object
Marco darà quel libro a sua Marco will give that book to his sister
sorella domani. tomorrow.
Indirect Object Pronoun
Marco le darà quel libro domani. Marco will give that book to her
tomorrow.
Note from the previous example sentences that, though the Italian direct and indi-
rect objects follow the verb in a sentence, the object pronouns generally precede the
verb.
Think of direct object pronouns as corresponding to the English pronouns me,
her, us, and so on; and of indirect object pronouns as corresponding to the English
use of to me, to her, to us, and so on.
Here are the object pronouns in Italian:
Direct Indirect
mi me mi to me
ti you (familiar) ti to you (familiar)
La you (polite) Le to you (polite)
lo him gli to him
la her le to her
ci us ci to us
vi you (familiar plural) vi to you (familiar plural)
li them (masculine) gli to them (masculine)
le them (feminine) gli to them (feminine)
Notice that the plural of the indirect object pronouns gli (to him) and le (to her) is
gli (to them). This is the case in current Italian. It can be confusing, so pay very
close attention to these forms in the Oral Practice.