~
Глава
2.
Синтез:
методы
приготоеления
,
механизмы
роста
(2.27) S.
С.
Tsang,
Р.
J. F.
Harris
, J.
В
.
CJaridge
and
М
.
L.
Н
.
Green
,
А
microporous
carbon
produced
Ьу
arc-evaporation. J.
Cheт.
Soc.,
Cheт.
Соттип
.
,
1519 (1993 ).
(2.28)
Р.
J. F. Harris, S.
С
.
Tsang, J.
В.
Claridge
and
М
.
L.
Н.
Green,
Нigh-resolution
electron
microscopy studies
of
а
microporous
carbon
produced
Ьу
arc-evaporation
. J.
Cheт.
Soc., Faraday
Trans.,
90, 2799 (1994).
(2.29) L.
А
Bursill
and
L. N .
Вощgеоis
,
Irnage-analysis
of
а
negatively curved graphitic sheet rnodel
for arnorphous-carbon.
Mod. Phys.
Lett
.
В,
9, 1461 (1995).
(2.30) S.
J. Townsend,
Т.
J. Lenosky, D.
А
Muller,
С.
S.
Nichols
and
V. Elser. Negatively curved
graphitic sheet rnodel
of
arnorphous
carbon. Phys. Rev.
Еен
.
,
69, 921 (1992).
(2.31) W
А
de
Неег
and
D.
Ugarte
.
Carbon
опiоns
produced
Ьу
heat-treatrnent
of
carbon
soot
and
their
relation to
the
217.5 nrn interstellarabsorption feature.
Спет
.
Phys.
Ееи.,
207, 480 (1993).
(2.32) D. Ugarte.
High-ternperature
behaviour
of"fullerene
bIack".
СагЬоn,
32, 1245 (1994) .
(2.33)
Р.
J. F.Harris
and
S.
С.
Tsang. High re
solution
electron
microscopy studies
of
non-graphitizing
carbons. Philos. Mag.
А
,
76, 667 (1997) .
(2.34)
Р.
J. F.
Нaпis
,
Structure
of non-graphitising carbons.
lnt
emationa/Materials Reviews, 42, 206 (1997).
(2.35)
Р.
Schultzenberger
and
L. Schultzenberger. Sur quelques fails relatifs
а
lhistoire du
carbone
.
С
.
R. A
cad
. Sci., Paris, 111, 774 (1890) .
(2.36) R.
Т.
К.
Baker and
Р.
S. Harris.
ТЬе
forrnat ion
оfШ
атепtоиs
carbon
.
Cheт
.
Phys.
СагЬоn
,
14,
83 (1978) .
(2.37)
V.
lуапоу
,
А.
Fonseca, J.
В.
Nagy,
А
Lucas,
Р.
LзтЫп
,
D. Bernaerts
and
Х
.
В.
Zhang.
Catalytic
production
and purification
ofnanotubules
having fullerene-scale diarneters.
СагЬоn
,
33, 1727 (1995) .
(2.38)
М.
Endo
.
Grow
carbon
fibres in the vapor phase.
Cheтtech
,
18
,568
(1988) (Septernber issue).
(2.39)
М
.
S. Dresselhaus,
О.
Dresselhaus,
К.
Sugihara, 1. L.
Spain
and
Н
.
А.
Goldberg. Graphitefibers
andfi/aтents,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1988.
(2.40) S. Arnelinckx,
Х.
В.
Zhang,
D.
Bemaerts
,
Х.
F.
Zh
ang
,
У
.
Ivanov
and
J.
В.
Nagy.
А
forrnation
rnechanisrn for catalytically
growп
helix-
shaped
graphite
n
anotubes
. Science, 265, 635 (1994) .
(2.41) D. Bemaerts,
Х.
В.
Zhапg,
Х
.
F.
Zhang
, S. Arnelinckx,
О
.
Уап
Tendeloo, J.
Уап
Landuyt, V.
Ivanov
and
J.
В.
Nagy.
Electron
m.icroscopy study
of
coiled
carbon
tubules.
Philos. Mag.
А
71 605
(1995). ' ,
(2.42) W Z. Li, S. Xie, L.
Х.
Qian,
В
.
Н.
Chang,
В.
S. Zou, W
У.
Zhou, R.
А.
Zhao
and
О.
'Мing
.
Large-scale synthesis
ofaligned
carbon
nanotubes
. Science, 274
,1701
(1996) .
(2.43)
М.
Terrones, N .
Grobert,
J. Olivares, J.
Р.
Zhang,
Н
.
Те
иеnes
,
К.
Kordatos, W
К.
Hsu,
J.
Р.
Hare,
Р
D. Townsend,
К
.
Prassides ,
А.
К.
Cheetharn,
Н
.
W.
Кroto
and
D. R.
М
.
'Мilton.
Controlled
production
of
aligned
-nanotube
bundles. Nature, 388 , 52 (1997).
(2.44)
~.
F.
Ren,
Z.
Р.
Huang,
J. W.
Хи,
J.
Н.
'Мing
,
!'.
Bush,
М. Р
.
Siegal
and
Р.
N. Provencio.
SyntheSls
oflarge
arrays
ofwell-aligned
carbon
nanotubes
оп
glass. Science, 282, 1105 (1998).
(2.45)
Р
J. F.Harris.
Carbon
nanotubes
and
other
graphitic structures as contarninants
оп
evaporated
carbon
Шms.
J. Microscopy, 186, 88 (1997).
(2.46)
F.1.
М.
Rietrneijer.
А
poorly
graphitized carbon
contaminant
in studies
of
extraterrestrial rnate-
rials.
Meteoritics, 20, 43 (1985).
(2.47) S. lijirna.
High
resolution
electron
microscop
y
of
sorne
carbonaceous
materials.
1. Microscopy,
119,99
(1980).
(2.48) S. lijirna.
Direct
observation
ofthe
tetrahedral
bonding
in graphitized
carbon
black
Ьу
high res-
olution
electron
microscopy. 1. Cryst. Growth, 50, 675 (1980).
Литература
(2.49) R. S. Ruoff, D.
С.
Lorents,
В
.
Chan
, R.
Malhotra
and
S. Subramoney. Single crystal
metals
encapsulated in
carbon
nanoparticles. Science, 259, 346 (1993).
(2.50)
М.
Tomita,
У.
Saito
and
Т.
Науавгц.
LзС2
en
capsulated in graphite nanoparticle. Jap. 1.
Арр/.
Phys., 32, L280 (1993).
(2.51) S.
Seraphin
, D. Zhou, J. Jiao, J.
С.
Withers
and
R. Loutfy. Yttrium carbide in nanotubes.
Nature, 362, 503 (1993).
(2.52) D. S.
Bethune,
С
.
Н.
Кiang
,
М
.
S. de Vries,
О
.
Gorrnan
, R. Savoy, J. Vasquez
and
R. Beyers.
Cobalt-catalysed growth
of
carbon
nanotubes with single
-atomic-layer
walls.
Natuгe,
363,
605 (1993).
(2.53) S. lijima
and
Т.
Ichihashi. Single-shell carbon
nanotubes
of
I-nrn
diameter.
Natuгe,
363, 603
(1993) .
(2.54)
С.
Н.
Кiang,
W.
А.
Goddard
Ш
,
R. Beyers and D. S. Bethune.
Carbon
nanotubes
with single-
layerwalls.
Сафоп
,
33, 903 (1995).
(2.55)
С.
Н.
Кiang,
Р.
Н.
М
.
мш
Loosdrecht, R. Beyers, J. R.
Salem,
D. S. Bethune, W.
А
.
Goddard
IlI
,
Н.
С
.
Dorn
,
Р.
Burbank
and
S. Stevenson. Novel structures
frorn
arc-vaporized
carbon
and
met-
als: single-layer
nanotubes
and
rnetallofullerenes. Surf. Rev. Lett., 3, 765 (1996) .
(2.56)
С
.
Journet, W.
К.
Maser,
Р.
Bernier,
А.
Loiseau,
М
.
Lзту
de
lа
Chapelle, S. Lefrant,
Р.
Deniard
, R. Lee and J.
Е.
Fis
cher
. Large-scale
product
ion
of
single-walled
nanotubes
Ьу
the
еlес
tric-arc technique. Nature, 388, 756 (1997).
(2.57) S. Subrarnoney, R. S.
Ruoff
, D.
С.
Lorents
and
R.
Malhotra.
Radial single-Iayer
nanotubes
.
Nature, 366 , 637 (1993).
(2.58)
У
.
Saito,
М.
Okuda,
М.
Tomita and
Т.
НаyзsЫ
.
Extrusion ofsingle-wall carbon nanotubes via for-
rnation
of
srnall particles condensed
near
ап
arc evaporat
ion
source.
Cheт.
Phys. Lett., 236, 419 (1995).
(2.59) D.
Zhou, S.
Seraphin
and
S. Wang. Single-walled
carbon
nanotubes
growing radially
from
УС2
particles.
Арр/
.
Phys.
Lett
., 65, 1593 (1994).
(2.60) R.
Т.
К
.
Baker
and
R. J. Waite. Forrn
ation
of
c
arbonaceous
deposits frorn catalysed
decompo-
sition
of
acetylene. J. Cata/ysis, 37, 1
О
1 (1975).
(2.61)
Н.
Dai,
А.
О
.
Rinzler
,
Р.
Nikolaev,
А.
Thess
, D.
Т.
Colbert
and
R.
Е.
Srnalley. Single-wall
пап
otubes
produced
Ьу
rnetal-catalyzed disproport
ion
at
ion
of
carbon
rnonoxide.
Cheт.
Phys. Lett., 260 ,
471 (1996) .
(2.62)
Т.
Оио,
Р
.
Nikolaev,
А
.
Thess
, D.
Т.
Colbert
and
R.
Е.
Srnalley. Catalytic growth
of
single-
walled
nanotubes
Ьу
laservaporization.
Cheт
.
Phys. Lett, 243, 49 (1995).
(2.63) J.
М.
Cowley,
Р.
Nikolaev,
А
.
Thess
and
R.
Е
.
Srnalley.
Electron
nano-diffraction
study
of
car-
Ьоп
single-walled
nanotube
ropes.
Cheт.
Ph
ys
.
Lett
., 265, 379 (1997 ).
(2.64)
М.
Endo
and
Н.
W.
Кroto
.
Forrnation
of
carbon
nanofibers. 1. Phys.
Cheт.
,
96, 6941 (1992).
(2.65)
О.
Ulmer,
Е
.
Е.
В
.
СатрЬеll,
R.
Kuhnle
,
Н.-О
.
Busmann
and
1.V. Hertel. Laser mass spec-
troscopic investigations
ofpurified
, laboratory
-produced
С60
/С
70
'
Cheт
.
Phys. Lett., 182, 114 (1991).
(2.66) R.
Е.
Smalley. Frorn
dopy
balls to
nanow
ires.
Мщег.
Sci. Eng.
В
,
19, 1 (1993).
(2.67)
А.
МаШ,
С
.
J. Brabec,
С
.
М
.
Roland
and
J. Bernholc.
Growth
energetics
of
carbon
nanotubes.
Phys. Rev. Lett., 73, 2468 (1994) .
(2.68) L.
Lou,
Р.
Nordlander
and
R.
Е.
Srnalley. Fullerene
nanotubes
in electric fields. Phys. Rev.
В,
52,1429
(1995).
(2.69) D.
Т.
Colbert
and
R
Е.
Smalley. Electric effects in
nanotube
growth.
СагЬоn,
33, 921 (1995).
(2.70)
J.-c.
Charlier,
А.
De Vita,
Х.
Вlзsе
and
R. Car. Microscopic growth
mechanisms
for
carbon
nanotubes. Science, 275, 646 (1997).