Gubbins D., Herrero-Bervera E. Encyclopedia of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism
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Magnetization, Chemical Remanent (CRM) 580
Shaul Levi
Magnetization, Depositional Remanent 588
Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi
Magnetization, Isothermal Remanent 589
Mike Jackson
Magnetization, Natural Remanent (NRM) 594
Mimi J. Hill
Magnetization, Oceanic Crust 596
Julie Carlut and Hélène Horen
Magnetization, Piezoremanence and Stress Demagnetization 599
Stuart Alan Gilder
Magnetization, Remanent, Ambient Temperature and Burial
Depth from Dyke Contact Zones 603
Kenneth L. Buchan
Magnetization, Remanent, Fold Test 607
Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi
Magnetization, Thermoremanent 609
Özden Özdemir
Magnetization, Thermoremanent, in Minerals 616
Gunther Kletetschka
Magnetization, Viscous Remanent (VRM) 621
David J. Dunlop
Magnetoconvection 630
Keke Zhang and Xinhao Liao
Magnetohydrodynamic Waves 632
Christopher Finlay
Magnetohydrodynamics 639
Paul H. Roberts
Magnetometers, Laboratory 654
Wyn Williams
Magnetosphere of the Earth 656
Stanley W.H. Cowley
Magnetostratigraphy 664
William Lowrie
Magnetotellurics 670
Martyn Unsworth
Magsat 673
Michael E. Purucker
Main Field Maps 674
Mioara Mandea
Main Field Modeling 679
Mioara Mandea
Main Field, Ellipticity Correction 683
Stuart R.C. Malin
Mantle, Electrical Conductivity, Mineralogy 684
Tomoo Katsura
Mantle, Thermal Conductivity 688
Frank D. Stacey
Matuyama, Motonori (1884–1958) 689
Masaru Kono
Melting Temperature of Iron in the Core, Experimental 689
Guoyin Shen
Melting Temperature of Iron in the Core, Theory 692
David Price
Microwave Paleomagnetic Technique 694
John Shaw
Nagata, Takesi (1913–1991) 696
Masaru Kono
Natural Sources for Electromagnetic Induction Studies 696
Nils Olsen
Néel, Louis (1904–2000) 700
Pierre Rochette
Nondipole Field 701
Catherine Constable
Nondynamo Theories 704
David J. Stevenson
Norman, Robert (flourished 1560–1585) 707
Allan Chapman
Observatories, Overview 708
Susan Macmillan
Observatories, Instrumentation 711
Jean L. Rasson
Observatories, Automation 713
Lawrence R. Newitt
Observatories, Intermagnet 715
Jean L. Rasson
Observatories, Program in Australia 717
Peter A. Hopgood
Observatories, Program in the British Isles 720
David Kerridge
Observatory Program in France 721
Mioara Mandea
Observatories, Program in USA 722
Jeffrey J. Love and J.B. Townshend
Observatories in Antarctica 723
Jean-Jacques Schott and Jean L. Rasson
Observatories in Benelux Countries 725
Jean L. Rasson
Observatories in Canada 726
Lawrence R. Newitt and Richard Coles
Observatories in China 727
Dongmei Yang
Observatories in East and Central Europe 728
Pavel Hejda
Observatories in Germany 729
Hans-Joachim Linthe
Observatories in India 731
Gurbax S. Lakhina and S. Alex
Observatories in Italy 733
Massimo Chiappini
Observatories in Japan and Asia 733
Toshihiko Iyemori and Heather McCreadie
Observatories in Latin America 734
Luiz Muniz Barreto
CONTENTS xi
Observatories in New Zealand and the South Pacific 735
Lester A. Tomlinson
Observatories in Nordic Countries 736
Truls Lynne Hansen
Observatories in Russia 737
Oleg Troshichev
Observatories in Southern Africa 739
Pieter Kotzé
Observatories in Spain 739
Miquel Torta and Josep Batlló
Ocean, Electromagnetic Effects 740
Stefan Maus
Oldham, Richard Dixon (1858–1936) 742
Johannes Schweitzer
Ørsted 743
Nils Olsen
Oscillations, Torsional 746
Mathieu Dumberry
Paleointensity: Absolute Determinations Using Single
Plagioclase Crystals 749
John A. Tarduno, Rory D. Cottrell, and Alexei V. Smirnov
Paleointensity, Absolute, Techniques 753
Jean-Pierre Valet
Paleointensity, Relative, in Sediments 758
Stefanie Brachfeld
Paleomagnetic Field Collection Methods 765
Edgardo Cañón-Tapia
Paleomagnetic Secular Variation 766
Steve P. Lund
Paleomagnetism 776
Ronald T. Merrill and Phillip L. McFadden
Paleomagnetism, Deep-Sea Sediments 781
James E.T. Channell
Paleomagnetism, Extraterrestrial 788
Michael D. Fuller
Paleomagnetism, Orogenic Belts 801
John D.A. Piper
Parkinson, Wilfred Dudley 807
Ted Lilley
Peregrinus, Petrus (flourished 1269) 808
Allan Chapman
Periodic External Fields 809
Denis Winch
Plate Tectonics, China 816
Xixi Zhao and Robert S. Coe
Pogo (OGO-2, -4 and -6 Spacecraft) 828
Joseph C. Cain
Polarity Transition, Paleomagnetic Record 829
Kenneth A. Hoffman
Polarity Transitions: Radioisotopic Dating 834
Brad S. Singer
Pole, Key Paleomagnetic 839
Kenneth L. Buchan
Potential Vorticity and Potential Magnetic Field Theorems 840
Raymond Hide
Precession and Core Dynamics 842
Philippe Cardin
Price, Albert Thomas (1903–1978) 844
Bruce A. Hobbs
Principal Component Analysis in Paleomagnetism 845
Jeffrey J. Love
Project Magnet 850
David G. McMillan
Proudman-Taylor Theorem 852
Raymond Hide
Radioactive Isotopes, Their Decay in Mantle and Core 854
V. Rama Murthy
Reduction to Pole 856
Dhananjay Ravat
Repeat Stations 858
Susan Macmillan
Reversals, Theory 859
Graeme R. Sarson
Rikitake, Tsuneji (1921–2004) 862
Y. Honkura
Ring Current 863
Thomas E. Moore
Robust Electromagnetic Transfer Functions Estimates 866
Gary D. Egbert
Rock Magnetism 870
Ronald T. Merrill
Rock Magnetism, Hysteresis Measurements 874
David Krása and Karl Fabian
Rock Magnetometer, Superconducting 883
William S. Goree
Runcorn, S. Keith (1922–1995) 886
Neil Opdyke
Runcorn's Theorem 888
Andrew Jackson
Sabine, Edward (1788–1883) 890
David Gubbins
Seamount Magnetism 891
James R. Heirtzler and K.A. Nazarova
Secular Variation Model 892
Christopher G.A. Harrison
Sedi 902
David Loper
Seismic Phases 903
Brian Kennett
Seismo-Electromagnetic Effects 908
Malcolm J.S. Johnston
Shaw and Microwave Methods, Absolute Paleointensity
Determination 910
John Shaw
Shock Wave Experiments 912
Thomas J. Ahrens
xii CONTENTS
Spinner Magnetometer 920
Jiří Pokorný
Statistical Methods for Paleovector Analysis 922
Jeffrey J. Love
Storms and Substorms, Magnetic 926
Mark Lester
Superchrons, Changes in Reversal Frequency 928
Jack A. Jacobs
Susceptibility 931
Eduard Petrovsky
Susceptibility, Measurements of Solids 933
Z.S. Teweldemedhin, R.L. Fuller, and M. Greenblatt
Susceptibility, Parameters, Anisotropy 937
Edgardo Cañón-Tapia
Taylor's Condition 940
Rainer Hollerbach
Thellier, Émile (1904–1987) 942
David J. Dunlop
Thermal Wind 945
Peter Olson
Time-Averaged Paleomagnetic Field 947
David Gubbins
Time-Dependent Models of the Geomagnetic Field 948
Andrew Jackson
Transfer Functions 953
Martyn Unsworth
Transient Em Induction 954
Maxwell A. Meju and Mark E. Everett
True Polar Wander 956
Vincent Courtillot
ULVZ, Ultra-Low Velocity Zone 970
Ed J. Garnero and M. Thorne
Units 973
David Gubbins
Upward and Downward Continuation 974
Dhananjay Ravat
Variable Field Translation Balance 977
David Krása, Klaus Petersen, and Nikolai Petersen
Verhoogen, John (1912–1993) 979
Peter Olson
Vine-Matthews-Morley Hypothesis 980
Maurice A. Tivey
Volcano-Electromagnetic Effects 984
Malcolm J.S. Johnston
Voyages Making Geomagnetic Measurements 987
David R. Barraclough
Watkins, Norman David (1934–1977) 992
Brooks B. Ellwood
Westward Drift 993
Richard Holme
Color Plates 997
Subject Index 1013
CONTENTS xiii
Contributors
Thomas J. Ahrens
CALTECH
MS 252-21
Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
email: tja@caltech.edu
Keith Aldridge
Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences
York University
4700 Keele Street
Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
email: keith@yorku.ca
Sobhana Alex
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism
New Panvel (W)
Navi Mumbai-410 218, India
email: salex@iigs.iigm.res.in
Dario Alfè
Department of Earth Sciences
University College London
Gower Street
London, WC1E 6BT, UK
email: d.alfe@ucl.ac.uk
Orson L. Anderson
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics
F83 Department of Earth and Space Sciences
University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
email: ola@ess.ucla.edu
Jafar Arkani-Hamed
Earth & Planetary Sciences
McGill University
3450 University St
Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
email: jafar@eps.mcgill.ca
Jonathan M. Aurnou
Department of Earth and Space Sciences
University of California, Los Angeles
595 Charles Young Drive East
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA
email: jona@ess.ucla.edu/aurnou@ucla.edu
Dmitry B. Avdeev
School of Cosmic Physics
Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
5 Merrion Square
Dublin 2, Ireland
email: davdeev@cp.dias.ie
Karsten Bahr
Geophysical Institute
Universität Göttingen
Herzberger Landstr. 180
37075 Göttingen, Germany
email: kbahr@uni-geophys.gwdg.de
Roger Banks
Fernwood, Rogerground
Hawkshead, Ambleside
Cumbria, LA22 0QG, UK
email: rbanks@beeb.net
David Barraclough
49 Liberton Drive
Edinburgh, EH16 6NL, UK
email: drbarraclough@hotmail.com
Luiz Muniz Barreto
Observatorio Nacional
Rua general Jose Cristino, 77
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
email: barreto@on.br
Josep Batlló
Department Matematica Aplicada 1
Universitat Polytecnica de Catalunya
Spain
email: Josep.batllo@ups.es
Jeremy Bloxham
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Harvard University
20 Oxford Street
Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
email:bloxham@geophysics.harvard.edu/jeremy_bloxham@harvard.edu
Stefanie Brachfeld
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies
Montclair State University
Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
email: brachfelds@mail.montclair.edu
Stanislav I. Braginsky
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics
UCLA
405 Hilgard Avenue
Los Angeles, CA 90024-1567, USA
email: sbragins@ucla.edu
Kenneth L. Buchan
Geological Survey of Canada
Natural Resources Canada
601 Booth Street
Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0E8, Canada
email: KBuchan@nrcan.gc.ca
Bruce Buffett
Department of Geophysical Sciences
University of Chicago
5734 S. Ellis Avenue
Chicago, IL 60637, USA
email: buffett@geosci.uchicago.edu
Friedrich Busse
Institute of Physics
University of Bayreuth
95440 Bayreuth, Germany
email: busse@uni-bayreuth.de
Joseph C. Cain
Department of Geology
Florida State University
Tallahassee, FL 32306-3026, USA
email: cain@geomag.gfdi.fsu.edu
Edgardo Cañón-Tapia
Department of Geology
CICESE
P.O. Box 434843
San Diego, CA 92143, USA
email: ecanon@cicese.mx
Philippe Cardin
Universite Joseph Fourier de Grenoble
Laboratoire de Geophysique interne et Tectonophysique
1381 Rue de la Piscine, BP 53
Grenoble Cedex 9, 38041, France
email: philippe.cardin@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr
Oriol Cardus
Observatori de l'Ebre
Roquetes
Tarragona, 43520, Spain
email: jocardus@obserbre.es
Julie Carlut
Laboratoire de Geologie
Ecole Normale Superieure
24 rue Lhomond
Paris, 75235, France
email: jcarlut@mailhost.geologie.ens.fr
James E.T. Channell
University of Florida
Department of Geological Sciences
P.O. Box 112120
Gainesville, FL 32611-2120, USA
email: jetc@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu
Allan Chapman
Modern History Faculty Office
University of Oxford
Broad St.
Oxford, OX1 3BD, UK
email: rachel.chapman@classics.ox.ac.uk
Massimo Chiappini
Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
Vigna Murata 605
Rome, 00143, Italy
email: massimo.chiappini@ingv.it
Bradford M. Clement
Florida International University
Department of Earth Science
SW 8th St & 107th Ave
Miami, FL 33199, USA
email: clementb@fiu.edu
Robert S. Coe
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics
University of California Santa Cruz
1156 High Street
Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
email: rcoe@es.ucsc.edu
J. Michael D. Coey
Physics Dept.
Trinity College
College Green
Dublin 2, Ireland
email: jcoey@tcd.ie
Richard Coles
Geomagnetism Laboratory
Natural Resources Canada
7 Observatory Crescent
Ottawa, Ontario K1A0Y3, Canada
Catherine Constable
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
University of California at San Diego
La Jolla, CA 92093 0225, USA
email: cconstable@ucsd.edu
Steven Constable
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
La Jolla, CA 920930225, USA
email: sconstable@ucsd.edu
Sir Alan Cook (deceased)
Rory D. Cottrell
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
University of Rochester
Hutchison Hall 227
Rochester, NY 14627, USA
email: rory@earth.rochester.edu
Vincent Courtillot
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
4 place Jussieu
Paris Cedex 05, 75252, France
email: courtil@ipgp.jussieu.fr
Stanley W.H. Cowley
Department of Physics & Astronomy
University of Leicester
Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
email: swhc1@ion.le.ac.uk
Mark J. Dekkers
Department of Earth Sciences
Utrecht University
Budapestlaan 17
Utrecht, 3584 CD, The Netherlands
email: dekkers@geo.uu.nl
Jon Dobson
Centre for Science & Technology in Medicine
Keele University
Thornburrow Drive
Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
Emmanuel Dormy
C.N.R.S./I.P.G.P./E.N.S.
Département de Physique
Ecole Normale Supérieure
24, rue Lhomond
75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
email: dormy@phys.ens.fr
Mathieu Dumberry
School of Earth and Environment
University of Leeds
Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
email: dumberry@earth.leeds.ac.uk
David J. Dunlop
Department of Physics
University of Toronto
Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
email: dunlop@physics.utoronto.ca
xvi CONTRIBUTORS
Nigel Edwards
Department of Physics
University of Toronto
60 St George Street
Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
email: edwards@core.physics.utoronto.ca
Gary D. Egbert
College Oceanography
Oregon State University
Oceanography Admin Bldg 104
Corvallis, OR 97331-5503, USA
email: egbert@coas.oregonstate.edu
Brooks B. Ellwood
Department of Geology and Geophysics
Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
email: ellwood@geol.lsu.edu
Mark E. Everett
Department of Geology & Geophysics
Texas A & M University
College Station, TX 77843-3114, USA
email: everett@geo.tamu.edu/colt45@beerfrdg.tamu.edu
Karl Fabian
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
University of Munich
Theresienstr. 41
80333 München, Germany
email: karl.fabian@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de
Carl-Gunne Fälthammar
Dept. of Plasma Physics
Royal Institute of Technology
Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
email: carl-gunne.falthammar@alfvenlab.kth.se
David R. Fearn
Department of Mathematics
University of Glasgow
Glasgow G12 8QW, UK
email: D.Fearn@maths.gla.ac.uk
Christopher Finlay
ETH-Hönggerberg
Institute of Geophysics
Schaftmattstrasse 30
CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
email: efinlay@erdw.ethz.ch
Michael D. Fuller
Paleomagnetics and Petrofabrics Laboratory
1680 East West Rd
Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
email: MFU3961215@aol.com
Robert L. Fuller
909 River Rd.
Colgate Palmolive co.
Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
Agris Gailitis
Institute of Physics
University of Latvia
Miera iela 32
Salaspils, LV 2169, Latvia
email: gailitis@sal.lv
Edward J. Garnero
Dept Geological Sciences
Arizona State University
Box 871404
Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA
email: eddie@seismo.berkeley.edu
Stuart Alan Gilder
Geophysics Section
Ludwig Maximillians University
Theresienstrasse 41
80333 München, Germany
email: gilder@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de
Karl-Heinz Glaßmeier
Institute of Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics
Technical University of Braunschweig
Mendelssohnstr. 3
38106 Braunschweig, Germany
email: kh.glassmeier@tu-bs.de
Gary A. Glatzmaier
Department of Earth Sciences
University of California
Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
email: glatz@es.ucsc.edu
Walter Demétrio Gonzalez
INPE-Caixa Postal 515
2200 Sao Jose Dos Campos
Sao Paulo, Brazil
Gregory A. Good
History Department
West Virginia University
Morgantown, WV 26506-6303, USA
email: Greg.good@mail.wvu.edu
William S. Goree
Inc. and 2 G Enterprises
2040 Sunset Drive
Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
email: billgoree@earthlink.net
wgoree@2gsuper.com
Martha Greenblatt
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
Rutgers University
610 Taylor Road
Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, USA
email: greenbla@rci.rutgers.edu
David Gubbins
School of Earth and Environment
University of Leeds
Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
email: gubbins@earth.leeds.ac.uk
G.V. Haines
69 Amberwood Cr
Ottawa, ON K2E 7C2, Canada
email: haines@geolab.emr.ca
er309@ncf.ca
Susan L. Halgedahl
Department of Geology and Geophysics
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
email: shalg@mail.mines.utah.edu
Truls Lynne Hansen
Tromso Geophysical Laboratory
University of Tromso
Tromso, N-9037, Norway
email: truls.hansen@tgo.uit.no
Johannes M. Hansteen (deceased)
Shaun J. Hardy
Carnegie Institution of Washington
5241 Broad Branch Rd., N.W.
Washington, DC 20015, USA
email: hardy@dtm.ciw.edu
Christopher G.A. Harrison
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, FL 33149, USA
email: harrison@mail.rsmas.miami.edu
CONTRIBUTORS xvii
Graham Heinson
Department of Geology and Geophysics
Adelaide University
Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
email: gheinson@geology.adelaide.edu.au
Graham.Heinson@adelaide.edu.au
James R. Heirtzler
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center
MC 920
Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001, USA
email: jamesh@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov
Pavel Hejda
Geophysical Institute
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Bocni II/1401
Prague 4, 141 31, Czech Republic
email: ph@ig.cas.cz
Bernard Henry
Géomagnétisme et Paléomagnétisme
IPGP and CNRS
4 avenue de Neptune
Saint-Maur Cedex, 94107, France
email: henry@ipgp.jussieu.fr
Emilio Herrero-Bervera
Paleomagnetics and Petrofabrics Laboratory
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
email: herrero@soest.hawaii.edu
Raymond Hide
17 Clinton Ave
East Molesey, Surrey, KT8 0HS, UK
email: r.hide@ic.ac.uk
Mimi J. Hill
Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences
University of Liverpool
Oxford Street
Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
email: mimi@liv.ac.uk
m.hill@liverpool.ac.uk
Ann M. Hirt
ETH-Hönggerberg
Institute of Geophysics
Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
email: hirt@mag.ig.erdw.ethz.ch
Bruce A. Hobbs
Department of Geology and Geophysics
University of Edinburgh
West Main Road
Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK
email: b.a.hobbs@ed.ac.uk
Kenneth A. Hoffman
Physics Department
California Polytechnic State University
San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
email: khoffman@calpoly.edu
Rainer Hollerbach
School of Mathematics
University of Leeds
Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
email: rh@maths.leeds.ac.uk
Richard Holme
Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences
University of Liverpool
4 Brownlow Street
Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
email: holme@liv.ac.uk
Yoshimori Honkura
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences
2-12-1-I2-6 Ookayama
Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
email: yhonkura@geo.titech.ac.jp
Peter A. Hopgood
Geoscience Australia
GPO Box 378
Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
email: peter.hopgood@ga.gov.au
Hélène Horen
Laboratoire de Geologie
Ecole Normale Superieure
24 rue Lhomond, Paris
75235, France
email: horen@geologie.ens.fr
František Hrouda
AGICO, Inc.
Advanced Geoscience Instruments Company
Jecna 29a
Brno, CZ 621 00, Czech Republic
email: fhrouda@agico.cz
Malcolm Ingham
Department of Physics
University of Victoria
PO Box 600
Wellington, New Zealand
email: malcolm.ingham@vuw.ac.nz
Toshihiko Iyemori
Graduate School Science
Kyoto University
Data Analysis Center
Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
email: iyemori@kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Andrew Jackson
School of Earth and Environment
University of Leeds
Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
email: a.jackson@earth.leeds.ac.uk
Mike Jackson
Department of Geology and Geophysics
Institute for Rock Magnetism
University of Minnesota
100 Union Street SE
Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
email: irm@umn.edu
Jack A. Jacobs (deceased)
Dominique Jault
LGIT, CNRS and University Joseph-Fourier
BP 53
38041Grenoble Cedex9, France
email: Dominique.Jault@obs.ujf-grenoble.f.
Malcolm J.S. Johnston
USGS
345 Middlefield Rd MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
email: mal@usgs.gov
Chris Jones
Department of Applied Mathematics
University of Leeds
Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
email: c.a.jones@maths.leeds.ac.uk
Art R.T. Jonkers
Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences
The Jane Herdman Laboratories
University of Liverpool
4 Brownlow St
Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
email: jonkers@liv.ac.uk
Tomoo Katsura
Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior
Okayama University
Misasa, Tottori-ken, 682-0193, Japan
email: tkatsura@misasa.okayama-u.ac.jp
xviii CONTRIBUTORS
Michael Kendall
Dept of Earth Sciences
University of Bristol
Queen's Rd.
Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
email: gljmk@bristol.ac.uk
Brian Kennett
Research School of Earth Sciences
Australian National University
GPO Box 4
Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
email: brian@rses.anu.edu.au
David Kerridge
Geomagnetism Group
British Geological Survey West Mains Road
Edinburgh, EH9 3LA, UK
email: djk@bgs.ac.uk
Gunther Kletetschka
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, Maryland, 20771, USA
email: gkletets@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov
Kenneth P. Kodama
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
Lehigh University
31 Williams Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015-3188, USA
email: kpk0@lehigh.edu
Masaru Kono
Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior
Okayama, University of Misasa
Yamada 827
Misasa, Tottori Prefecture, 682 0193, Japan
email: mkono@misasa.okayama-u.ac.jp
Juha V. Korhonen
Geological Survey of Finland
POB 96
Espo, 02151, Finland
email: juha.korhonen@gtk.fi
Andrei Kosterov
Nikolaeva 5-56, Kiev, Ukraine
email: andrei_kosterov@mail.ru/irm@umn.edu
Pieter Kotzé
Geomagnetism Group
Hermanus Magnetic Observatory
PO Box 32, Hermanus, 7200, South Africa
email: pkotze@hmo.ac.za
David Krása
School of GeoSciences
University of Edinburgh
King's Buildings
Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK
email: david.krasa@ed.ac.uk
Stéphane Labrosse
Departement des Geomateriaux
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
4 place Jussieu
Paris Cedex 05, 75252, France
email: labrosse@ipgp.jussieu.fr
Gurbax S. Lakhina
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism
New Panvel, Navi Mumbai, 410218, India
email: lakhina@iigs.iigm.res.in
Thorne Lay
Earth Sciences Dept.
University California Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz, CA 95064-1077, USA
email: tlay@es.ucsc.edu/thorne@pmc.ucsc.edu
Jean-Louis Le Mouel
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
4 place Jussieu
Paris Cedex 05, 75252, France
email: lemouel@ipgp.jussieu.fr
Mark Lester
Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
University of Leicester
Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
email: mle@ion.le.ac.uk
Shaul Levi
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR 97331-5503, USA
email: slevi@coas.oregonstate.edu
Anyi Li
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
Columbia University
Palisades, NY 10964, USA
email: anyili@ldeo.columbia.edu
Xinhao Liao
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
80 Nandan Road
Shanghai, 200030, China
Ted Lilley
Research School of Earth Sciences
Australian National University
GPO Box 4
Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
email: ted.lilley@anu.edu.au
Hans-Joachim Linthe
Geomagnetic Adolf Schmidt Observatory Niemegk
Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam
Lindenstr. 7
14823 Niemegk, Germany
email: linthe@gfz-potsdam.de
Philip W. Livermore
School of Mathematics
University of Leeds
Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
email: livermor@maths.leeds.ac.uk
David Loper
Florida State University
GFDI-4360
Tallahassee, FL 32306-0000, USA
email: loper@gfdi.fsu.edu
Jeffrey J. Love
USGS Golden
Box 25045 MS966 DFC
Denver, CO 80227, USA
email: jlove@usgs.gov
Frank Lowes
Department of Physics
The University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
email: f.j.lowes@ncl.ac.uk
William Lowrie
Institute of Geophysics
ETH-Hönggerberg
CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
email: lowrie@mag.ig.erdw.ethz.ch
Steve P. Lund
Department of Earth Sciences
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740, USA
email: slund@usc.edu
CONTRIBUTORS xix
Susan Macmillan
British Geological Survey
West Mains Road
Edinburgh, EH9 3LA, UK
email: smac@bgs.ac.uk
Barbara A. Maher
Centre for Environmental Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism
Lancaster University
Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
email: b.maher@lancs.ac.uk
Stuart R.C. Malin
30 Wemyss Road
Blackheath
London, SE3 0TG, UK
email: smalin@dialstart.net
Mioara Mandea
GeoForschungZentrum
Telegrafenberg
14473 Potsdam, F269, Germany
email: mioara@gfz-potsdam.de
Guy Masters
IGPP Scripps Institute of Oceanography
University of California, San Diego
9500 Gilman Drive
La Jolla, CA 92093-0225, USA
email: gmasters@ucsd.edu
Hiroaki Matsui
Dept. Geophysical Sciences
University of Chicago
5734 S. Ellis Ave.
Chicago, IL 60637, USA
email: matsui@geosci.uchicago.edu
Stefan Maus
National Geophysical Data Center
NOAA E/GC1
325 Broadway
Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA
email: Stefan.Maus@noaa.gov
Alain Mazaud
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE)
CEA-CNRS
Avenue de la Terrasse
Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, 91198, France
email: mazaud@lsce.cnrs-gif.fr
Heather McCreadie
World Data Centre for Geomagnetism
Kyoto University
Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
William F. McDonough
Department of Geology
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
email: mcdonoug@geol.umd.edu
Michael W. McElhinny
Gondwana Consultants
31 Laguna Place
Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia
email: mikemce@midcoast.com.au
mmcelhinny@optusnet.com.au
Phillip L. McFadden
Geoscience Australia
GPO Box 378
Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
email: pmcfadde@pcug.org.au
David G. McMillan
Department of Earth & Space Science and Engineering
York University
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
email: dgm@yorku.ca
Maxwell A. Meju
Dept Environmental Sci.
Lancaster University
University Rd.
Bailrigg, LA1 4YQ, UK
email: m.meju@lancaster.ac.uk
Ronald T. Merrill
Geophysics Program, AK50
University of Washington
P.O. Box 433934
Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
email: ron@geops.geophys.washington.edu
Leon Mestel
Astronomy Centre
University of Sussex
Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
email: lmestel@sussex.ac.uk
Stephen Milan
Radio and Space Plasma Physics Group
Department of Physics and Astronomy
University of Leicester
Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
email: steve.milan@ion.le.ac.uk
Thomas E. Moore
Laboratory for Solar and Space Physics
Mail Code 612
Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
email: thomas.e.moore@nasa.gov
Andrea Morelli
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
Via Donato Creti 12
40128 Bologna, Italy
email: morelli@ingv.it
Leslie V. Morrison
28 Pevensley Park Road
Westham, Pevensley
East Sussex, BN24 5HW, UK
email: lmorr49062@aol.com
Bruce M. Moskowitz
Department of Geology and Geophysics
University of Minnesota
310 Pillsbury Dr. SE
Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
email: bmosk@umn.edu
bmosk@bmosk.email.umn.edu
V. Rama Murthy
Department of Geology and Geophysics
University of Minnesota
310 Pillsbury Drive SE
Minneapolis, MN55455, USA
email: vrmurthy@umn.edu
Adrian R. Muxworthy
National Oceanography Centre
School of Ocean and Earth Science
University of Southampton
Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
email: adrian.muxworthy@soton.ac.uk
arob@soc.soton.ac.uk
Katherine A. Nazarova
ITSS/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
email: katianh@core2.gsfc.nasa.gov
Lawrence R. Newitt
1 Observatory Crescent
Geological Survey Canada
Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y3, Canada
email: newitt@geoLAB.nrcan.gc.ca
xx CONTRIBUTORS
Francis Nimmo
Dept. Earth Sciences
University of California
Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
email: fnimmo@es.ucsc.edu
Nils Olsen
Danish National Space Center
Juliane Maries Vej
Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
email: nio@spacecenter.dk
Peter Olson
Earth & Planetary Sciences
The Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, MD 21218-2681, USA
email: olson@jhu.edu
Neil Opdyke
Department of Geology
University of Florida
1112 Turlington Hall
Gainsville, FL 32611, USA
email: drno@ufl.edu
Özden Özdemir
Department of Physics
University of Toronto
Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
email: ozdemir@physics.utoronto.ca
Eugene N. Parker
1323 Evergreen Rd
Homewood, IL 60430, USA
email: parker@odysseus.uchicago.edu
Hanneke Paulssen
Universiteit Utrecht
Institute of Earth Sciences
P O Box 80021
Utrecht, 3508 TA, The Netherlands
email: paulssen@geo.uu.nl
Louise Pellerin
Green Engineering, Inc.
6543 Brayton Drive
Anchorage, AK 99507, USA
email: pellerin@ak.net
Klaus Petersen
Petersen Instruments
Torstr. 173
10115 Berlin, Germany
email: petersen@vftb.com
Nikolai Petersen
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
University of Munich
Theresienstr. 41
80333 München, Germany
email: petersen@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de
Eduard Petrovsky
Geophysical Institute
Bocni II/1401
Prague 4, 141 31, Czech Republic
email: edp@ig.cas.cz
Mark Pilkington
Geological Survey of Canada
615 Booth Street
Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0E9
email: mpilking@nrcan.gc.ca
John D.A. Piper
Department of Earth Sciences
Geomagnetism Laboratory
University of Liverpool
Liverpool, L69 7ZEm, UK
email: sg04@liverpool.ac.uk
Jiří Pokorný
AGICO, Inc.
Advanced Geoscience Instruments Company
Jecna 29a
Brno, CZ 621 00, Czech Republic
email: agico@agico.cz
David Price
Department of Geological Science
University College London
Gower Street
London, WC1E 6BT, UK
email: d.price@ucl.ac.uk
Michael Proctor
University of Cambridge
D.A.M.T.P, F1.07 CMS
Wilberforce Rd.
Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK
email: M.R.E.Proctor@damtp.cam.ac.uk
mrep@damtp.cam.ac.uk
Michael E. Purucker
Goddard Space Flight Centre
Geodynamics Branch
Hughes-STX
Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
email: purucker@geomag.gsfc.nasa.gov
Karl-Heinz Raedler
Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam
Andersternwarte 16
14482 Potsdam, Germany
email: khraedler@aip.de
khraedler@arcor.de
Mita Rajaram
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism
New Panvel, Navi Mumbai, 410218, India
email: mita@iigs.iigm.res.in
Jean L. Rasson
Centre de Physique du Globe
Institut Royal Météorologique
Dourbes, 5670, Belgium
email: jr@oma.be
Dhananjay Ravat
Department of Geology 4324
Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Carbondale, IL 62901-4324, USA
email: ravat@geo.siu.edu
ravat@siu.edu
Colin Reeves
Earthworks
Achterom 41a
Delft, 2611PL, The Netherlands
email: reeves.earth@planet.nl
Alan B. Reid
49 Carr Bridge Drive
Leeds, LS16 7LB, UK
email: alan@reid-geophys.co.uk
Karen J. Remick
USGS Golden
Box 25045 MS966 DFC
Denver, CO 80227, USA
email: kremick@usgs.gov
Paul G. Richards
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Columbia University
61 Route 9W
Palisades, NY 10964-1000, USA
email: richards@ldeo.columbia.edu
CONTRIBUTORS xxi