Гринько О.В. Англійська мова, навчальний посібник
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14. Прочитайте розповідь, потім заповніть пропуски сло-
вом, якого не вистачає.
When Kevin was a child, his family lived in a small apartment.
(1. _______________) never had much room and when his sister
(2. _________) born, it was even (3.___________) crowded. But he
loved the neighbourhood. He had a lot of friends and he was happy
where he (4.___________). Then his parents decided to move and he
wasn’t very happy about (5.____________) move. They (6.________
___) in August just a couple of weeks (7.____________) the start of
the new school year. The first few months were very difficult. Kevin
(8.______________) to have a lot of friends, but there, in his new
school I (9._________________) know anybody and he (10._______
______) sure if they wanted to know him! They were so different
from the people he had known before. In his old neighbourhood they
used (11. ______________) get to school by bus or by bike, but here
many of the pupils (12._______________) their own cars! In his old
school, most of the pupils didn’t even (13. ______________) their
own bikes! The school was even (14. ____________) when it came to
clothes. School seemed (15. ________________) be a fashion show,
especially with the girls. (16. ________________) day they came to
school wearing (17. ____________) new.
Kevin admits that he was
(18. ____________) a miserable time. He felt like (19. __________
______) outsider and
people treated him like one. But gradually, as
time passed, some of the kids tried to make friends with him. Maybe
(20. ______________) had something to do with the fact that he was
getting (21. _____________) grades than they were. I don’t think he
was the cleverest or the (22. ________________) intelligent. Kevin
just worked harder than they (23._________________). It was won-
derful to be liked not because of the clothes he was (24. ___________
____) but because of what he (25. ________________) achieving.
Результат:
Правильне слово — 1 бал
Разом балів (з 25) ________
15. Прочитайте розповідь спочатку до кінця, а потім запов-
ніть пропуски словом, якого не вистачає (воно може бути
будь-якою частиною мови).
Michael was driving along a quiet road at night when he saw it.
It (1. ________________) a bright flash of light that (2. ______
______) up the surrounding countryside. (3. _______________)
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lasted for only a few seconds, and (4._____________) it was gone.
Joe was fascinated. What could it be? (5. ____________) it hap-
pened again. It lit up everything and seemed (6. ____________) be
even brighter than (7. ______________). This time it lasted for
about five minutes. During that time he managed to (8. _________
____) the car on the side of the road so he could get (9. __________
___) better look. There was (10. ______________) else on the road.
He was alone. He (11.______________) know why he was so curi-
ous. Maybe it was because it was brighter (12.____________) any
light he had ever seen. It (13. _______________) hovering about
twenty meters above a large field. (14._______________) he was
walking towards it, it suddenly (15. ______________). The sky
was dark again. But just as (16. ______________) was turning
round to go back to his (17. ______________), the light appeared
again. (18. ______________)
time it was only about two meters
above the (19.________________). He lay down so that he could see
it (20. _____________). The light was so bright (21.____________)
he couldn’t look directly at it. In fact, it was getting brighter and
(22._______________). It stayed in the (23. _________________)
place for about twenty minutes and then moved upwards at a tremen-
dous speed. Joe was very frightened. He ran to his car and drove it
(24. _________________) fast as he could to the nearest police sta-
tion. (25. _______________) he really expect anybody to believe
him?
Результат:
Правильне слово — 1 бал
Разом балів (з 25) __________
Разом балів за вправи на закріплення (з 355) ______
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16. Теперішній перфектний (завершений) час
The Present Perfect (Simple)
Розповідні речення
Affirmatives
I, we, you, they, plural nouns + have + Ved (V3)
He, she, it, singular noun + has + Ved (V3)
We have read 152 pages.
She has read 152 pages.
Теперішній перфектний час використовують для зображен ня
результату дії, констатації факту. Головне, щоб усе, про що
йдеться, вже сталося на момент повідомлення про це. Тому дуже
часто в таких реченнях немає уточнень часу, тобто просто кон-
статується завершеність дії на теперішній час.
The Present Perfect відображає безпосередній зв’язок із
сьогоденням, теперішнім часом, тому що те, що сталося,
почалось або сталося у минулому, але нас цікавить результат
або стан у теперішньому часі.
Peter has caught a cold. He doesn’t feel well.
My parents have met Ricky and they don’t like him.
Слова just, recently, lately, already, ever, never, yet, since, for
та інші зазвичай є своєрідною підказкою для використання в
теперішньому перфектному часі.
They’ve just left. Вони щойно пішли. (Їх ще можна
наздогнати.)
He has recently come back from Canada. Нещодавно він
повернувся з Канади. (Ще свіжі враження.)
Lately she’s become much happier. Останнім часом вона виглядає
набагато щасливішою. (Раніше вона була іншою, а зараз
змінилась.)
Bruce has already visited many capitals in Europe. Брюс вже
відвідав багато столиць Європи.
But he has never been to London. Але він ніколи не був у
Лондоні.
Have you ever been to India? Ви коли-небудь були в Індії?
Словосполучення so far, up to now та all my life також
характерні для Рresent Perfect.
I have been to the library five times so far this month.
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I have lived in this neighbourhood all my life.
Up to now we haven’t had a dog.
1. Використайте Present Perfect з дієсловами, що в дужках.
Перекладіть.
1. Jane (buy) _______________ some new clothes.
_______________________________________________________
2. Nick (live) ________________in the country all his life.
_______________________________________________________
3. Do you have a plaster? I (cut) ____________ my finger.
_______________________________________________________
4. Why are you laughing? Peter (tell)_________ a joke.
_______________________________________________________
5. We (have) _____________two tests so far this month.
_______________________________________________________
Результат:
Правильна видо-часова форма — 1 бал
Правильний переклад — 1 бал
Разом балів (з 10) ___________
Відмінність між теперішнім перфектним (Present Perfect)
та простим минулим часом (Past Simple) полягає в тому, що у
простому минулому часі дії не пов’язані з теперішнім часом.
Перекладіть та порівняйте.
Look! Samantha has packed her case.
_______________________________________________________
I packed my case yesterday.
_______________________________________________________
Paul has bought a new car. He bought it last week.
_______________________________________________________
He has had three cars so far.
_______________________________________________________
My brother has never flown in a plane.
_______________________________________________________
They flew to London a week ago.
_______________________________________________________
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Зверніть увагу
Слова today, this morning / week / year можна використовувати
як у Present Perfect, так і у Past Simple. Якщо період, про який
йдеться, ще не закінчився, вживають Present Perfect.
I haven’t seen Nick this morning. Have you? — No, he hasn’t come
yet. [It’s still morning]
I didn’t see Nick this morning. Did you? — No, he didn’t come in
at all. [It’s afternoon or evening]
Present Perfect можна використовувати лише тоді, коли події
або дії безпосередньо пов’язані з теперішнім часом. Коли йдеться
про події (історичні), людей (померлих) або дії, що загаль-
новідомо пов’язані з минулим часом, вживають Past Simple.
PRESENT PERFECT PAST SIMPLE
J. Rowling has written A. Christie wrote detective stories.
many books.
Andrii Shevchenko has The Beatles were the best.
become the best.
How many poems have Taras Shevchenko wrote many
you written? poems.
2. Підкресліть правильну видо-часову форму дієслова. Пере-
кла діть.
1. Last week I (invited / have invited) a few friends for dinner.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2. When did you finish your homework? I (finished / have finished)
it two hours ago.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
3. I looked up at the sky and (saw / have seen) a very bright light.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
4. I (lost / have lost) the keys to my car. I don’t know what to do.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
5. I (felt / have felt) much better when I got to the sea.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
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6. It (rained / has rained) twice when we were on holiday.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
7. I (looked / have looked) for a pair of shoes this morning but I
didn’t find any I liked.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
8. I (told / have told) you the same thing over and over again. Why
don’t you listen?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
9. It (became / has become) very hot in here. Is there an air — con-
ditioning?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
10. I (waited / have waited) for hours but nobody came.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
11. I (met / have met) many interesting people since I came here
last May.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
12. You (smoked / have smoked) ten cigarettes so far today. I think
you should stop.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
13. After less than ten minutes they (realised / have realised) that
they were lost.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
14. He (knew / has known) her long enough to say what sort of per-
son she is.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
15. Janifer (became / has become) very nervous lately. Is she all
right?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Результат:
Правильний варіант — 1 бал
Правильний переклад — 1 бал
Разом балів (з 30) _________
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3. Розкрийте дужки та використайте правильну видо-часо-
ву форму дієслова. Перекладіть.
1. I didn’t have many friens when we (move) ________________.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2. The Browns (move)_______________ into a new apartment.
It’s much bigger than their old one and they love it.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
3. I (see) __________________ Larry a few days ago.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
4. Our visitors (arrive) _______________. They’re in the garden.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
5. Prices (go up) __________________this year.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
6. My neighbours (become) _______________rather noisy lately.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
7. I (send)_______________you three messages. Why don’t you
reply?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
8. They (be) ____________ in the U. S. A. for a month. They are
having a great time.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
9. Jack (celebrate) ___________ his birthday last week.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
10. I (do) ___________ so many interesting things on my holiday
last summer.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
11. Up to now Nicole (do) ______________ what other people told
her to do.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
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12. Peter is on the phone. He says that his car (break) _________.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
13. Someone (turn) __________on the hi — fi. I can’t hear you.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
14. I (phone) ____________you at three o’clock.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
15. They lived happily and (love) ______________each other all
their lives.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Результат:
Правильна видо-часова форма — 1бал
Правильний переклад — 1бал
Разом балів (з 30) _______
Запитання
Questions
Have + I, we, you, they, Yes, I, we, they have.
plural nouns + Ved (V3)? No, I, we, they haven’t.
Has he, she, it, singular noun Yes, he, she, it has.
+ Ved (V3)? No, he, she, it hasn’t.
Have you heard the news? — No, I haven’t.
Have you been to Russia? — Yes, I have.
Заперечення
Negatives
Subject (Підмет) + have not (haven’t, hasn’t) + Ved (V3)
I haven’t seen you for ages.
Tom hasn’t heard the news.
My neighbours haven’t been to Russia.
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4. Впишіть допоміжне дієслово. Перекладіть.
1. I’ve seen that film. __________________ you ?
_______________________________________________________
2. Have you done your homework? — Yes. I _________________.
_______________________________________________________
3. We’ve been on holiday but our friends ___________________.
_______________________________________________________
4. Has Laura told you what happened? — No, she ____________.
_______________________________________________________
5. Charlie has been to Egypt and so ____________________I.
_______________________________________________________
Результат:
Правильне допоміжне дієслово — 1 бал
Разом балів (з 5) _______
5. Поставте запитання до відповідей.
1. ___________________________________________________
Yes, I have. (I’ve read the task.)
2. ___________________________________________________
Yes, she has. (Mother has left for work.)
3. ___________________________________________________
No, he hasn’t. (Father hasn’t called.)
4. ___________________________________________________
Yes, they have. (They have arrived.)
5. ___________________________________________________
Yes, it has. (The car has broken down.)
6. ___________________________________________________
No, he hasn’t. (Samuel hasn’t cut his beard.)
7. ___________________________________________________
No, they haven’t. (They have never met.)
8. ___________________________________________________
Yes, we have. (We’ve been to the lesson.)
9. ___________________________________________________
No, it hasn’t. (It hasn’t stopped raining.)
10. __________________________________________________
No, I haven’t. (I haven’t heard the news.)
Результат:
Правильне запитання — 1 бал
Разом балів (з 10) ___________
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Пам’ятайте:
якщо в реченні дієслово have / has смислове, то в запитальних
та заперечувальних реченнях використовують допоміжне
дієслово do / does / did.
Peter has a nice bike. He doesn’t have a car. Does Peter have a nice
bike?
I have a dog. I don’t have a cat. Do you have a dog?
Sally had a party yesterday. She didn’t have a party a week ago.
Did she have a party yesterday?
Коли have / has допоміжне дієслово, то:
I’ve got (have got) a dog. Have you got a dog?
He has written a book. Has he written a book?
We’ve already had lunch. They haven’t had lunch yet.
Коли до смислового дієслова have / has додають to, воно стає
модальним (див. модальні дієслова) і означає повинен,
змушений.
You have to get a visa when you go to the States. Do you have to
get a visa?
My mother has to work long hours. Does your mother have to work
long hours?
Зверніть увагу
Прислівник already вживають у стверджувальних реченнях.
У заперечувальних та запитальних реченнях вживають слово yet.
Already стоїть перед смисловим дієсловом, а yet — у кінці
речення.
You’ve already
told me this story.
Have you heard the story yet?
George hasn’t heard the story yet.
Прислівник already вживають для підсилення (щоб зробити
наголос) та щоб показати, що щось трапилось раніше, аніж очі-
кувалось.
I’ve already tidied my room! Can’t you see it’s tidy?
When is Joan leaving for school?— She has already (left).
Have you already seen that movie?” — “Yes, I have”.