Grace Robert. Advanced Blowout and Well Control
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Robert
I).
erac,
With Contributions
Bob
Cudd,
Richar
Advanced
Blowout
&Well
Control
Advanced
Blowout
&well
Control
Robert
D,
Grace
With
Contributions
By
Bob
Cudd, Richard
S,
Carden,
and Jerald
L.
Shursen
Gulf
Publishing
Company
Houston,
Texas
Advanced Blowout and Well Control
Copyright
0
1994 by Gulf Publishing Company, Houston,
Texas. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of
America. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced
in any form without permission of the publishers.
Gulf Publishing Company
Book Division
P.O. Box 2608 Houston, Texas 77252-2608
10
9
8
7
6
5
4 3
2
Library
of
Congress
Cataloging-in-Publication
Data
Grace, Robert
D.
Advanced blowout and well control
/
Robert D. Grace.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1.
Oil wells-Blowouts. 2. Gas wells-Blowouts.
p. cm.
ISBN
0-88415-260-X
I. Title.
TN871.2.G688 1994
622'.3382-d~20 94-1 9597
CIP
iv
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
.......................................................
x
Preface
.........................................................................
xi
CHAPTER
ONE
Equipment in Well Control
...........................................
3
The Stack, 4
The Choke Line,
6
The Choke Manifold,
16
The Valve Arrangement. The Panic Line. The Drilling
Choke. The Header.
The Separator,
24
The Stabbing Valve,
25
CHAPTER
TWO
Classic Pressure Control Procedures While
Drilling
.............................................................................
28
Causes
of
Well Kicks and Blowouts,
29
Mud Weight Less Than Formation Pore Pressure.
Failure to Keep the Hole Full and Swabbing While
Tripping. Lost Circulation. Mud Cut.
Sudden Increase in Drilling Rate. Increase in Pit Level
or Flow Rate. Change in Pump Pressure. Reduction in
Drillpipe Weight. Gas, Oil, or Water-cut Mud.
Indications
of
a Well Kick,
31
V
Shut-in Procedure,
32
Circulating Out the Influx,
38
Theoretical Considerations. Driller’s Method. Wait and
Weight Method.
Summary,
83
CHAPTER
THREE
Pressure Control Procedures While Tripping
.......
84
Trip Sheets and Filling Procedures. Periodic Filling
Procedure. Continuous Filling Procedure. Tripping into
the Hole.
Well Kicks While Tripping. Stripping in the Hole.
Causes of Kicks While Tripping,
85
Shut-in Procedure,
97
CHAPTER
FOUR
Special Conditions, Problems, and Procedures
in Well Control
.....
.......................................
....
.....
113
Significance of Surface Pressures,
114
Safety Factors in Classical Pressure Control
Circulating a Kick
Off
Bottom,
142
Classical Procedures-Plugged Nozzle Effect,
144
Classical Procedures-Drill String Washout
Determination of Shut-in Drillpipe Pressures,
145
Determination
of
the Type
of
Fluid Which Entered
Frictional Pressure Losses,
150
Annulus Pressure Profiles With Classical
A
Kick is Taken While Drilling.
Influx
Migration.
Procedures,
137
Effect,
144
the Wellbore,
147
Procedures,
154
vi
Constant Casing Pressure,
177
Constant Drillpipe Pressure,
177
Modification
of
the Wait and Weight Method,
177
The Low Choke Pressure Method,
178
Reverse the Bubble Out Through the Drillpipe,
180
Overkill Wait and Weight Method,
186
Slim Hole Drilling-Continuous Coring
Stripping with
Influx
Migration,
195
Oil-Base Mud
in
Pressure and Well Control
Operations,
200
Fire. Solubility
of
Natural Gas in Oil-Base Mud.
Considerations,
207
Subsea Stack. Spacing Out. Shut-in Procedures. Floating
Drilling Well Control Problems. Shallow Gas
Kicks.
Considerations,
191
Floating Drilling and Subsea Operation
CHAPTER
FIVE
Fluid
Dynamics in Well
Control
....
........
................
218
Kill-Fluid Bullheading,
219
Kill-Fluid Lubrication-Volumetric Kill
Dynamic Kill Operations,
256
The Momentum Kill,
267
Procedure,
228
CHAPTER
SIX
Special Services in Well Control
....
.....
...................
278
Snubbing,
278
Fire Fighting and Capping,
310
Equipment and Procedures. Equipment Specifications.
Equipment. Extinguishing the Fire. Capping the Well.
vii