134
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢ
0
ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ:
01
3,5...4,6
x ɢ
01
10rr| . (6.26)
ɇɚ ɷɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟ-
ɬɚɯ; ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ.
6.3. Ɍɰɠɧɶ ɢɛɧɠɴɠɨɣɺ ɪɫɺɧɩɤ, ɩɜɫɛɭɨɩɤ
ɣ ɨɮɦɠɝɩɤ ɪɩɬɦɠɟɩɝɛɭɠɦɷɨɩɬɭɠɤ
ɇɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɯɟɦ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ, ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɨ-
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɢɯ
ɫɯɟɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸ-
ɳɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ (
1
6
,
2
6
,
0
6
); ɢɡ ɫɯɟɦɵ
ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ
ɗȾɋ (
1
E
6
). ɗɬɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɥɟɦɦ ɧɟ-
ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ, ɬ. ɟ. ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɫɯɟɦ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ
ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ, ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɹɜɥɹ-
ɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɤɢ (
1
ɇ ,
2
ɇ ,
0
ɇ ), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɜɟɬɜɢ ɫ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦ ɩɨ-
ɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ. Ʉɨɧɰɨɦ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɤɢ
(
1
Ʉ ,
2
Ʉ ,
0
Ʉ ) ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬ-
ɪɢɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ – ɷɬɨ ɞɜɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ
ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.9 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɟɯ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɦ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ K.
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ
ɩɪɢ ɬɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɨɦ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ K ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɨ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
1
U . Ɉɛɦɨɬɤɚ 3 ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ Ɍ2 ɜ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ, ɩɨ-
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɦ ɯɨɞɭ. ȼ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɬɨɤ
ɜ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ Ɍ1 ɧɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ Ɋ
ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬ
ɫɯɟɦɭ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȿɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬ-
ɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɗȾɋ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ; ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɄɁ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɧɚ-
ɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (
2
U ), ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧ-
ɯɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵ ɨɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ
ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ
ɬɨɤɨɜ. Ʉɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɦɨɬɨɤ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ