161
7.9. Ȼɦɞɩɫɣɭɧ ɫɛɬɲɠɭɛ ɨɠɬɣɧɧɠɭɫɣɲɨɶɰ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɣɰ ɢɛɧɶɥɛɨɣɤ
Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɪɚɧɟɟ (ɪɚɡɞ. 7.2–7.4), ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵ ɬɨɤɭ
ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɬɨɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ (7.33), ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɭ ɮɢɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ
ɄɁ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɢɠɟ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɷɬɚ-
ɩɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ.
1. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ-
ɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜ-
ɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɬɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ (ɪɚɡɞ. 5.2).
ɂɡ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ
ɗȾɋ (
1
E
6
) ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ (
1
6
) ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɡɥɚ
ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ.
2. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ (ɪɚɡɞ. 6.3), ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ
2
6
ɢ
0
6
.
ȼ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨ-
ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɜ ɢɡ ɧɟɟ ɜɫɟ ɗȾɋ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨ
ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
21
x
66
, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɸ
2
x
cc
ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧ-
ɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬ-
ɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɨɡ-
ɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ.
3. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɲɭɧɬ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ
n
'
ɢ ɬɨɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɨ-
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ (7.33).
4. Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɬɨɤɚ ɄɁ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧ-
ɧɵɯ ɮɚɡ ɩɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ (7.34).
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɄɁ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɢɦɦɟɬ-
ɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɞ. 7.2–7.4.
ɍɱɟɬ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ-
ɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɪɚɡɞ
. 7.8.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ 7.1, 7.2 ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ-
ɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬ-
ɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɣ.