353. B. Vigolo, P. Poulin, M. Lukas, P. Launois, and P. Bernier, Improved structure and properties of
single-wall carbon nanotube spun fibers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 1210–1212 (2002).
354. F. Ko, Y. Gogotsi, A. Ali, N. Naguib, H. Ye, G. Yang, C. Li, and P. Willis, Electrospinning of continu-
ous carbon nanotube filled nanofiber yarns, Adv. Mater. 15, 1164–1165 (2003).
355. R. Sen, B. Zhao, D. Perea, M.E. Itkis, H. Hu, J. Love, E. Bekyarova, and R.C. Haddon, Preparation of
single-walled carbon nanotube reinforced polystyrene and polyurethane nanofibers and membranes,
Nano Lett. 4, 459–464 (2004).
356. T.E. Mu
´´
ller, D.G. Reid, W.K. Hsu, J.P. Hare, H.W. Kroto, and D.R.M. Walton, Synthesis of nanotubes
via catalytic pyrolysis of acetylene: a SEM study, Carbon 35, 951–966 (1997).
357. Y.K. Chen, A. Chu, J. Cook, M.L.H. Green, P.J.F. Harris, R. Heesom, M. Humphries, J. Sloan,
S.C. Tsang, and J.F.C. Turner, Synthesis of carbon nanotubes containing metal oxides and metals of
the d-block and f-block transition metals and related studies, J. Mater. Sci. 7, 545–549 (1997).
358. C.T. Kuo, C.H. Lin, and A.Y. Lo, Feasibility studies of magnetic particle-embedded carbon nanotubes
for perpendicular recording media, Diamond Rel. Mater. 12, 799–805 (2003).
359. H. Liu, J.-M. Dong, M.-C. Qian, and X.-G. Wan, Dependence of in-tube doping on the radius and
helicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Chinese Phys. 12, 542–547 (2003).
360. D. Bera, S.C. Kuiry, M. McCutchen, A. Kruize, H. Heinrich, M. Meyyappan, and S. Seal, In-situ syn-
thesis of palladium nanoparticles-filled carbon nanotubes using arc-discharge in solution, Chem. Phys.
Lett. 386, 364–368 (2004).
361. E. Dujardin, C. Meny, P. Panissod, J.-P. Kintzinger, N. Yao, and T.W. Ebbesen, Interstitial metallic
residues in purified single shell carbon nanotubes, Solid State Commun. 114, 543–546 (2000).
362. X.P. Gao, Y. Zhang, X. Chen, G.L. Pan, J. Yan, F. Wu, H.T. Yuan, and D.Y. Song, Carbon nanotubes
filled with metallic nanowires, Carbon 42, 47–52 (2004).
363. C.H. Liang, G.W. Meng, L.D. Zhang, N.F. Shen, and X.Y. Zhang, Carbon nanotubes filled partially or
completely with nickel, J. Cryst. Growth 218, 136–139 (2000).
364. B.C. Satishkumar, A. Govindaraj, P.V. Vanitha, A.K. Raychaudhuri, and C.N.R. Rao, Barkhausen
jumps and related magnetic properties of iron nanowires encapsulated in aligned carbon nanotube
bundles, Chem. Phys. Lett. 362, 301–306 (2002).
365. A. Leonhardt, M. Ritschel, R. Kozhuharova, A. Graff, T. Mühl, R. Huhle, I. Mönch, D. Elefant, and
C.M. Schneider, Synthesis and properties of filled carbon nanotubes, Diamond Rel. Mater. 12,
790–793 (2003).
366. N. Grobert, M. Mayne, M. Terrones, J. Sloan, R.E. Dunin-Borkowski, R. Kamalakaran, T. Seeger, H.
Terrones, M. Ru
´´
hle, D.R.M. Walton, H.W. Kroto, and J.L. Hutchison, Alloy nanowires: invar inside
carbon nanotubes, Chem. Commun. 471–472 (2001).
367. X. Li, Z. Lei, R. Ren, J. Liu, X. Zuo, Z. Dong, H. Wang, and J. Wang, Characterization of carbon
nanohorn encapsulated Fe particles, Carbon 41, 3068–3072 (2003).
368. R. Sen, A. Govindaraj, and C.N.R. Rao, Metal-filled and hollow carbon nanotubes obtained by the
decomposition of metal-containing free precursor molecules, Chem. Mater. 9, 2078–2081 (1997).
369. B.H. Liu, J. Ding, Z.Y. Zhong, Z.L. Dong, T. White, and J.Y. Lin, Large-scale preparation of carbon-
encapsulated cobalt nanoparticles by the catalytic method, Chem. Phys. Lett. 358, 96–102 (2002).
370. G.Y. Zhang and E.G. Wang, Cu-filled carbon nanotubes by simultaneous plasma-assisted copper
incorporation, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1926–1928 (2003).
371. C.Y. Zhi, D.Y. Zhong, and E.G. Wang, GaN-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis and photolumines-
cence, Chem. Phys. Lett. 381, 715–719 (2003).
372. A.K. Sinha, D.W. Hwang, and L.-P. Hwang, A novel approach to bulk synthesis of carbon nanotubes filled
with metal by a catalytic chemical vapor deposition method, Chem. Phys. Lett. 332, 455–460 (2000).
373. R. Ma, Y. Bando, and T. Sato, Coaxial nanocables: Fe nanowires encapsulated in BN nanotubes with
intermediate C layers, Chem. Phys. Lett. 350, 1–5 (2001).
374. S. Liu and J. Zhu, Carbon nanotubes filled with long continuous cobalt nanowires, Appl. Phys. A 70,
673–675 (2000).
375. S. Liu, S. Zhu, Y. Mastai, I. Felner, and A. Gedanken, Preparation and characteristics of carbon nan-
otubes filled with cobalt, Chem. Mater. 12, 2205–2211 (2000).
376. Y. Gogotsi, N. Naguib, and J.A. Libera, In situ chemical experiments in carbon nanotubes, Chem.
Phys. Lett. 356, 354–360 (2002).
377. J.L. Rivera, C. McCabe, and P.T. Cummings, Layering behavior and axial phase equilibria of pure water
and water ⫹ carbon dioxide inside single wall carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 2, 1427–1431 (2002).
92 Nanotubes and Nanofibers