Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɟ, ɜɜɟɞɟɦ ɞɜɟ ɩɨɞɪɟɲɟɬ-
ɤɢ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ-
ɥɢɱɟɧ:
a
S
S
a
S
S
a
S
S
a
S
S
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
22 22
;"";;"
"
ɯ):
. (5.8)
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ
a ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɸ ɫɩɢɧɚ
ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɟɲɟɬɤɟ “+”, ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɚɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɬɨ ɨɧ
ɠɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɟɲɟɬɤɟ “-” (ɧɨ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɩɨ ɚɛɫɨ-
ɥɸɬɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ, ɫɬɪɟɦɹɫɶ
ɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɜɜɟɪ
aan
n
§
©
¨
¨
¨
·
¹
¸
¸
¸
n
n
n
§
©
¨
¨
¨
·
¹
¸
¸
¸
p
p
p
§
©
¨
¨
¨
·
¹
¸
¸
¸
p
p
§
©
¨
¨
¨
·
¹
¸
¸
¸
;
ȼɜɟɞɟɦ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ
V
l
, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ +1, ɟɫɥɢ ɭɡɟɥ l ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɨɞɪɟ-
ɲɟɬɤɟ “+”, ɢ -1, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɞɪɟɲɟɬɤɚ “-”. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɢɡ (5.8) ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ
ɨɛɨɛɳɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ (ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ S
+
ɢ S
-
):
S
S
aa S i
S
aa S Saa
l
X
ll l
Y
ll l l
Z
ll
22
(); (); (
VV
l
)
. (5.9)
ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ (5.9) ɜ ɝɚɦɢɥɶɬɨɧɢɚɧ (5.7) ɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɦɚɥɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡ-
ɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ (ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɚɹ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ a
+
aa
+
a << 1 ), ɩɨɫɥɟ ɚɥɝɟɛ-
ɪɚɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɢ
ɢɦɟɟɦ:
H J S S aa aa aa aa
aa aa aa
ll ll llll ll ll ll
llll
ll
ll ll ll
zz
¦¦
12 2 2
1
2
2
2
2
2
//{(
()}.
'' ' '' '
''
'
'' '
VV VV
VV
)
ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɫɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɟ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ, ɱɬɨ
V
l
V
l’
= -1 (ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɭɡɥɵ l ɢ l’
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɪɟɲɟɬɤɚɦ), ɪɚɜɧɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɢɮɟɪɪɨɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɤɚ:
93