Durant W. The Reformation. A History of European Civilization from Wyclif to Calvin: 1300-1564
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`060514 Green, J. R., Short History of the English People, II,
568; Mrs. Green, Town Life, II, 70.
`060515 Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 441-2.
`060516 Ibid.
`060517 Holinshed, iii, 632.
`060518 Ibid., 636.
`060519 Coulton, Social Life, 37.
`060520 Lounsbury, II, 346; Wright, Homes of Other Days, 429.
`060521 Paston Letters, I, 70.
`060522 Holinshed, iii, 508.
`060523 Cf. Percy's Reliques, II, 88 f.
`060524 Salzman, 230.
`060525 Mrs. Green, Town Life, I, 212-5; Coulton, Chaucer, 200.
`060526 Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 365.
`060527 In Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 304.
`060528 Sarton, III-1, 158.
`060529 Wright, Homes, 379.
`060530 Hammerton, Universal History, VI, 3443.
`060531 Hearnshaw, Social and Political Ideas of... the
Renaissance and the Reformation, 75.
`060532 Chaucer, Parson's Tale, lines 415-30.
`060533 Stubbs, III, 288.
`060534 Hearnshaw, op. cit., 82.
`060535 Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 126.
`060536 Id., Black Death, 112.
`060537 Catholic Encyclopedia, X, 334; Sarton III-2, 1046;
Trevelyan, England in the Age of Wycliffe, 179, 317, 321, 327.
`060538 Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 490.
`060539 Trevelyan, Wycliffe, 334.
`060540 Shakespeare, 2 Henry IV, Epilogue.
`060541 Cath. Encyc., X, 335.
`060542 Trevelyan, Wycliffe, 347-9.
`060543 In Sellery, Renaissance, 207.
`060544 Jusserand, English Wayfaring, 192.
`060545 Mantle, Burns, and Gassner, A Treasury of the Theater, 1345.
`060546 Putnam, G. H., Books and Their Makers during the Middle
Ages, II, 104.
`060547 Kittredge, G. L., Harvard Studies... in Philology and
Literature, II, 87 f.
`060548 Malory, Morte d'Arthur, iii, 15.
`060549 Ibid., X, 5.
`060550 Paston Letters, I, 81.
`060551 Gasquet, Eve of the Reformation, 220.
`060552 Einstein, Lewis, Italian Renaissance in England, 36.
`060553 Ibid., 38.
`060554 Smith, P., Erasmus, 95-6.
`060555 Seebohm, The Oxford Reformers, 70-1, 74-6, 110.
CHAPTER VI
-
`06061 Blok, History... of the Netherlands, II, 289.
`06062 Pirenne, Histoire de Belgique, II, 471; Michelet x, 4;
Blok, II, 289.
`06063 Pirenne, Histoire, II, 471.
`06064 Huizinga, 289.
`06065 Ibid., 203.
`06066 Hastings' Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, II, 843a.
`06067 Janssen, History of the German People, I, 88.
`06068 Kempis, Thomas a, Imitation of Christ, i, 1, 3, 10, 22,
9, 20.
`06069 In Michelet, xii, 2.
`060610 Baldass, Jan van Eyck, 273.
`060611 Cheney, World History of Art, 623.
`060612 Conway, The Van Eycks and Their Followers, 141.
`060613 Comines, Memoirs, v, 9; Freeman, E. A., Historical
Essays, 338.
`060614 Comines, ii, 3-4; Michelet, xv, 2-4.
`060615 Conway, 185.
`060616 Ibid., 194.
`060617 Baedeker, Belgique et Hollande, 129.
`060618 Baldass, Memling, 148.
`060619 Isaiah, xl 6.
CHAPTER VII
-
`06071 Boissonade, 285.
`06072 Rickard, Man and Metals, II, 525.
`06073 Boissonade, 325.
`06074 Camb. Med. Hy, VII, 736 f.
`06075 Beard, Miriam, History of the Business Man, 63.
`06076 Headlam, Nuremberg, 32.
`06077 Thompson, Later Middle Ages, 402.
`06078 Janssen, IV, 132-6.
`06079 Freeman, Historical Essays, 360.
`060710 Gregorovius, History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages,
VI, 116; Camb. Med. Hy, VII, 120, 283 f.
`060711 Emerton, 66.
`060712 Gregorovius, VI, 151.
`060713 Emerton, 17; Ueberweg, History of Philosophy, I, 462;
Owen, Evenings with the Skeptics, II, 357.
`060714 Camb. Med. Hy, VII, 130-1.
`060715 Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 602.
`060716 Lea, Sacerdotal Celibacy, 395.
`060717 Pastor, II, 48.
`060718 Kautsky, 102-3.
`060719 In Inge, Christian Mysticism, 160; James, Wm., Varieties of
Religious Experience, 417; Huizinga, 203.
`060720 In Francke, History of German Literature, 110.
`060721 De Wulf, Philosophy and Civilization in the Middle Ages,
294-7; Id., History of Medieval Philosophy, II, 130; Coulton, Medieval
Panorama, 522.
`060722 Inge, 162.
`060723 Coulton, Medieval Scene, 126.
`060724 Headlam, Nuremberg, 29.
`060725 Cheney, History of Art, 665.
`060726 In Walsh, J. J., Thirteenth, Greatest of Centuries, 158.
`060727 As supposed by Carter, Invention of Printing in China, 24.
`060728 Sarton, III-1, 830.
`060729 Putnam, Books, I, 352-6.
`060730 En. Brit., XI, 12C.
`060731 Putnam, Books, I, 359.
`060732 Janssen, I, 19.
CHAPTER VIII
-
`06081 Lutzow, Bohemia, 59.
`06082 Ibid., 68.
`06083 Milman, VII, 487.
`06084 Kautsky, 46.
`06085 Huss, De Ecclesia, 114.
`06086 Ibid., 3, 16 f.
`06087 Ibid., xvi, 127.
`06088 220-1.
`06089 Kutsky, 47.
`060810 In Creighton, History of the Papacy, I, 359.
`060811 Kautsky, 48.
`060812 Bax, German Society at the Close of the Middle Ages, 43.
`060813 Kautsky, 58 f.
`060814 Nosek, Spirit of Bohemia, 76 f.
`060815 Kautsky, 61-4.
`060816 Creighton, Papacy, II, 471; Reynaud, Unite or Perish, 185.
`060817 Burton, The Jew, the Gypsy, and Islam, 123.
`060818 Lewinski, Political History of Poland, 58.
CHAPTER IX
-
`06091 Vasiliev, History of the Byzantine Empire, II, 395.
`06092 Ibid., 388.
`06093 419.
`06094 In Diehl, C., Manuel d'art Byzantin, 761.
`06095 Gibbons, H. A., Foundation of the Ottoman Empire, 134.
`06096 Camb. Med. Hy, IV, 546.
`06097 Lane-Poole, Story of Turkey, 52.
`06098 Froissart, iv, 90.
`06099 Gibbons, H. A., Foundation, 132.
`060910 Camb. Med. Hy, IV, 620 f.
`060911 Ibid.
`060912 Ibid., 693; Pastor, II, 252.
`060913 The remainder of this section follows the incomparable
narrative of Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ch. lxviii.
`060914 Voltaire, Essai sur les moeurs, in Works, XIV-1, 297.
`060915 Camb. Med. Hy, IV, 691.
`060916 Gibb, Ottoman Literature, 203.
`060917 Sismondi, History of the Italian Republics, 630.
`060918 Janssen, II, 198.
`060919 Vambery, Story of Hungary, 221.
`060920 Ibid., 23.
`060921 Reau, L'art russe, I, 235; Riedl, F., History of Hungarian
Literature, 27.
`060922 Domanovsky, S., Magyar Muvelodestortenet, I, 160.
`060923 Szoni, Regi Magyar Templomok, 203.
`060924 Cf. Divald, Old Hungarian Art, figs. 123, 145.
`060925 Riedl, 34.
`060926 Nekam, Cultural Aspirations of Hungary, 88.
`060927 Vambery, 251.
`060928 Riedl, 28-9.
`060929 Vambery, 272-5.
CHAPTER X
-
`06101 Camoes, Lusiads, iii, 132.
`06102 Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 12.
`06103 Beazley, Prince Henry the Navigator, 213.
`06104 Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 10, 16.
CHAPTER XI
-
`06111 Thompson, Economic and Social History, 349, 422, 449.
`06112 Michelet, III, 348; Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 651; Belloc, How the
Reformation Happened, 69.
`06113 Chapman, C. E., History of Spain, 139, 163.
`06114 Ibid., 216.
`06115 Burke, U. R., History of Spain, I, 404; Prescott, Ferdinand
and Isabella, I, 338; Lea, Inquisition in Spain, I, 16.
`06116 Carpenter, Ed., Pagan and Christian Creeds, 25.
`06117 Graetz, Hy of the Jews, IV, 77.
`06118 Lea, op. cit., I, 64.
`06119 Glaetz, IV, 79-84.
`061110 Michelet, vi, 4.
`061111 Roth C., Hy of the Marranos, 28.
`061112 Lea, Inquisition in Spain, I, 120.
`061113 Graetz, IV, 566.
`061114 Ibn Batuta, Travels, 315.
`061115 Ameer Ali, S., Short History of the Saracens, 570.
`061116 In Chapman, Hy of Spain, 200.
`061117 Pedraza in Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella, I, 314.
`061118 Lane-Poole, The Moors in Spain, 232.
`061119 Ibid., 267.
`061120 Prescott, Ferdinand, I, 169.
`061121 Cf. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, I, 560-6.
`061122 Prescott, II, 340, note 46.
`061123 Lea, Spain, IV, 362.
`061124 Guizot, Hy of France, II, 564.
`061125 Letter to Fr. Vettori in Machiavelli, Hy of Florence,
Appendix, p. 498; cf. The Prince, ch. xxi.
`061126 Guicciardini, History, IV, 108.
`061127 Hefele, K., Cardinal Ximenes, 40-4.
`061128 Graetz, IV, 315.
`061129 Lea, Spain, II, 511-13.
`061130 Ibid., III, 2; Ellis, H., Soul of Spain, 42.
`061131 Lea, Spain, I, 268, 100, 193; II, 323, 385.
`061132 Ibid., I, 235.
`061133 Ibid., I, 233-6; Pastor, IV, 400.
`061134 Lea, I, 178; II, 104-9, 401 f.; III, 184; Lacroix, P.,
Military and Religious Life in the Middle Ages, 433.
`061135 Graetz, IV, 313.
`061136 Lea, Spain, IV, 517.
`061137 Ibid.
`061138 Beginning of Psalm CXIV in the Vulgate translation.
`061139 Lea, Spain, I, 133.
`061140 Ibid.
`061141 Ibid., I, 134.
`061142 Prescott, Ferdinand, I, 514.
`061143 Graetz, IV, 391.
`061144 Ibid., 369.
`061145 Ibid., 370.
`061146 Ibid., 371; Abbott, Israel in Europe, 167.
`061147 Graetz, IV, 372.
`061148 Ibid., 376.
`061149 Marcus, The Jew in the Medieval World, 56-9.
`061150 Dozy, Spanish Islam, 268.
`061151 Arnold, T. W., The Preaching of Islam, 143.
`061152 Lea, Spain, III, 325.
`061153 Lane-Poole, Moors in Spain, 279.
`061154 Coulton, Inquisition and Liberty, 315.
`061155 Vacandard, The Inquisition, 198.
`061156 Santos y Olivera, La cathedral de Sevilla, 8.
`061157 Calvert, Moorish Remains in Spain, 383.
`061158 Post, C. R., History of Spanish Painting, VIII-2, 705.
`061159 In Ticknor, Hy of Spanish Literature, I, 227.
`061160 Prescott, Ferdinand, II, 448-9.
`061161 Ibid., 327.
`061162 Ibid., 332.
CHAPTER XII
-
`06121 France, A., Joan of Arc, II, 17.
`06122 Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1040 f.
`06123 Thorndike, Lynn, History of Magic and Experimental Science,
III, 18.
`06124 Lacroix, Science and Literature in the Middle Ages, 187.
`06125 Thorndike, III, 520.
`06126 Sarton, III-2, 1246.
`06127 Coulton, Social Life, 505.
`06128 Singer, C., Studies in the History and Method of
Science, 191.
`06129 Lea, Inquisition in the Middle Ages, III, 461-5; Jusserand,
English Wayfaring Life, 333.
`061210 Smith, P., Age of the Reformation, 655.
`061211 Sanger, Prostitution, 104.
`061212 Lea, Inquisition in the Middle Ages, III, 519.
`061213 Ibid., 543.
`061214 Sprenger, Malleus maleficarum, in Ibid., 502.
`061215 Michelet, III, 36.
`061216 Lea, Middle Ages, III, 549.
`061217 Cf. Thorndike, IV. ch. LI.
`061218 Id., III, 11.
`061219 III, 30, 33.
`061220 454.
`061221 398-469.
`061222 Jusserand, Wayfaring Life, 328.
`061223 Abram, English Life and Manners, 205.
`061224 In Seebohm, Oxford Reformers, 211.
`061225 Paston Letters, I, 117.
`061226 De Wulf, Hy of Med. Philosophy, II, 168.
`061227 Thorndike, Science and Thought in the Fifteenth
Century, 254.
`061228 Cambridge Hy of Poland, I, 274.
`061229 Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 117.
`061230 Duhem, Etudes sur Leonard de Vinci, III, 388.
`061231 Gilson, La philosophie au Moyen Age, II, 135.
`061232 Kesten, Copernicus, 91.
`061233 Penrose, Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 19.
`061234 In Morison, S. E., Admiral of the Ocean Sea, 93.
`061235 Thorndike, IV, 102.
`061236 Ibid., 108.
`061237 Gilson, La philosophie au Moyen Age, II, 129; Sarton, III-1,
543-4; Duhem, III, chs. IX-X.
`061238 Ibid., 181 f.
`061239 Sarton, III-2, 1429-31.
`061240 Thompson, Social and Economic History, 503.
`061241 Usher, A. P., Hy of Mechanical Inventions, 127.
`061242 Lacroix, Science and Literature in the Middle Ages, 186.
`061243 Thorndike, III, 483.
`061244 Walsh, J. J., The Popes and Science, 79.
`061245 Froissart, iv, 51.
`061246 In Sarton, III-1, 870.
`061247 Castiglioni, Hy of Medicine, 381.
`061248 Coulton, Social Life, 330.
`061249 Ashley, Introd. to English Economic Hy, II, 318.
`061250 Lecky, Hy of European Morals, II, 86.
`061251 Ibid.
`061252 Beard, C., Luther, 56.
`061253 De Wulf, Hy of Med. Philosophy, II, 172.
`061254 Ockham, Super IV Lib. Sentent., I, 27, 2, K, in Tornay,
Ockham, 9.
`061255 Summa totius logicae, I, 12, in Tornay, 9.
`061256 Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologica, I, ii, 3.
`061257 Ockham, Super IV Lib. Sentent., IV, 12, K, in Tornay, 119.
`061258 Ibid., I, ii, 6, in Owen, Evenings with the Skeptics,
II, 375.
`061259 Ibid., I, iii, 2, in Owen, II, 378.
`061260 Tornay, 63.
`061261 Gilson, Philosophie au Moyen Age, II, 104; Tornay,
58, 191-2.
`061262 Tornay, 186; Owen, II, 377.
`061263 De Wulf, Med. Philosophy, II, 184; Crump and Jacob, Legacy
of the Middle Ages, 251.
`061264 Owen, II, 392.
`061265 Gilson, Reason md Revelation in the Middle Ages, 86.
`061266 Ockham, Centiloquium theologicum, ix, in Owen, II, 395.
`061267 Owen, II, 386.
`061268 Ibid., 396, 399.
`061269 Allen, J. W., Hy of Political Thought in the Sixteenth
Century, 124.
`061270 Beer, Social Struggles in the Middle Ages, 112; Tornay, 81.
`061271 Carlyle, R. W., Medieval Political Theory, VI, 44.
`061272 De Wulf, Med. Philosophy, II, 187.
`061273 Jacobs, E. F., in History, XVI, no. 63, p. 218.
`061274 Rashdall, Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages,
III, 265.
`061275 Owen, II, 410.
`061276 Duhem, Etudes, in Tornay, 51, 165.
`061277 Cunningham, W., Growth of English Industry and
Commerce, 359.
`061278 Marsilius of Padua in Emerton, 35, 45, and passim.
`061279 Ibid., 39; Pastor, I, 78; Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 656.
`061280 Coker, F. W., Readings in Political Philosophy, 246-52.
`061281 Ibid., 25; Emerton, 22.
`061282 Defensor Pacis, i, 15, in Carlyle, R. W., Medieval Political
Theory, VI, 41.
`061283 Coker, 257; Duhem, II, 106-7.
`061284 Thorndike, IV, 388.
`061285 Id., Science and Thought in Fifteenth Century, 296.
`061286 Ibid., 296, 136-7.
`061287 Nicholas of Cusa, De concordantia Catholica, in Hearnshaw,
Thinkers of the Renaissance and Reformation, 44n.
`061288 Figgis, J. N., From Gerson to Grotius, 67.
`061289 In Pastor, II, 137.
`061290 Coulton, Med. Panorama, 528.
`061291 In Janssen, I, 3
CHAPTER XIII
-
`06131 Morison, 24. The account henceforth follows this
fascinating biography.
`06132 The evidence is presented in the early chapters of Madariaga,
S. de, Christopher Columbus, esp. pp. 53-9, and 184.
`06133 Beazley, C. R., in En. Brit., VI, 78.
`06134 Penrose, 10.
`06135 Seneca, Medea, 364 f.
`06136 Morison, 72.
`06137 Roth, C., Jewish Contribution to Civilization, 74.
`06138 Lea, Spain, I, 259.
`06139 Morison, 229.
`061310 Ibid., 231-3.
`061311 115.
`061312 David, M., Who Was Columbus?, 70.
`061313 Morison, 576.
`061314 Ibid., 617.