Dake L.P. Fundamentals of reservoir engineering
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IMMISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT 421
20) O'Dell, P.M., 1974. Numerical Reservoir Simulation: Review and State of the Art.
Paper presented at 76th National AlChE Meeting, Tulsa, Oklahoma. March.
21) 1973. Numerical Simulation. SPE Reprint Series No. 11. Society of Petroleum
Engineers of AIME, Dallas, Texas.
22) Blair, P.M. and Weinaug, C.F., 1969. Solution of Two Phase Flow Problems
Using Implicit Difference Equations. Soc.Pet.Eng.J., December: 417-424. Trans.
AIME.
23) MacDonald, R.C. and Coats, K.H., 1970. Methods for Numerical Simulation of
Water and Gas Coning. Soc.Pet.Eng.J., December: 425-436. Trans. AIME.
24) Letkeman, J.P. and Ridings, R.L.,1970. A Numerical Coning Model.
Soc.Pet.Eng.J., December: 418-424. Trans. AIME.
25) Nolen, J.S. and Berry, D.W., 1972. Tests of Stability and Time-Step Sensitivity of
Semi-lmplicit Reservoir Simulation Techniques. Soc.Pet.Eng.J., June: 253-266.
Trans. AIME.
26) Peaceman, D.W., 1977. A Nonlinear Stability Analysis for Difference Equations
Using Semi-lmplicit Mobility. Soc.Pet.Eng.J., February: 79-91.
27) Chappelear, J.E. and Rogers, W.L., 1974. Some Practical Considerations in the
Construction of a Semi-lmplicit Simulator. Soc.Pet.Eng.J., June: 216-220.
28) Todd, M.R., O'Dell, P.M. and Hirasaki, G.J., 1971. Methods for Increased
Accuracy in Numerical Reservoir Simulators. Soc.Pet.Eng.J., December: 515-
530. Trans. AIME.
AUTHOR INDEX
Agarwal, R.G.
Alden, R.C.
Al-Hussainy, R.
Amyx, J.W.
Aziz, K.
Bass, D.M.
Bell, W.T.
Bentsen, R.G.
Berry, D.W.
Biot, M.A.
Blackwell, R.J.
Blair, P.M.
Boburg, T.C.
Bradley, J.S.
Brar, G.S.
Breitenback, E.A.
Brons, F
Brown, G.G.
Bruns, J.R.
Bruskotter, J.F.
Buckley, S.E.
Burrows, D.B.
Campbell, J.M.
Carr, N.L.
Carslaw, H.S.
Carter, R.D.
Chapman, R.E.
Chappelear, J.E.
Coats, K.H.
Cobb, W.M.
Cole, F.W.
Craft, B.C.
Craig, F.F.
Crawford, P.B.
Daalen, F. van
Darcy, H.
Dempsey, J.R.
Denson, A.H.
Dietz, D.N.
Dodson, C.R.
Doh, C.A.
Domselaar, H.R. van
Donohue, D.A.T.
Dowdle, W.L.
Dranchuk, P.M.
Dumoré, J.M.
Earlougher, R.C., Jr.
Essis, A.E.
Everdingen, A.F. van
Fetovitch, M.J.
Field, R.Q.
Geertsma, J.
Gewers, C.W.W.
Goodrich, J.H.
Goodwill, D.
Gulati, M.S.
Hagoort, J.
Hall, K.R.
Hastings, J.R.
Havlena, D.
Hawkins, M.F., Jr.
Hazebroek, P.
Hearn, C.L.
Heintz, R.C.
Henderson, J.H.
Herbeck, E.F.
Hirasaki, G.J.
Horner, D.R.
Hurst, W.
Jacquard, P.
Jaeger, J.C.
Jones, L.G.
Katz, D.L.
Kazemi, H., Jr.
Kentie, C.J.P.
Kersch, K.M.
King Hubbert, M.,
Kingston, P.E.
Klinkenberg, L.J.
AUTHOR INDEX 423
Knaap, W. van der
Ko, S.
Kobayashi, R.
Kumar, A.
Langenheim, R.H.
Lantz, R.B.
Lebourg, M.
Letkeman, J.P.
Leverett, M.C.
Lynch, E.J.
McCain, W.D.
MacDonald, R.C.
McFarlane, R.C.
McKinley, R.M.
McMahon, J.J.
Marting, V.E.
Marx, J.W.
Marthar, L.
Matthews, C.S.
Mayer, E.H.
Meitzen, V.C.
Merle, H.A.
Miller, F.G.
Millers, S.C., Jr.
Moreland, E.E.
Morrow, N.R.
Mueller, T.D.
Nichol, L.R.
Nielsen, R.L.
Niko, H.
Nolen, J.S.
Northern, I.G.
Oberfell, G.B.
Odeh, A.S.
O'Dell, P.M.
Opstal, G.H.C. van
Peaceman, D.W.
Perry, G.E.
Pinson, A.E., Jr.
Poollen, H.K. van
Quon, D.
Raghavan, R.
Ramey, H.J., Jr.
Rawlins, E.L.
Reudelhuber, F.O.
Richardon, J.G.
Ridings, R.L.
Riley, H.G.
Rogers, W.L.
Russell, D.G.
Schellhardt, M.A.
Schilthuis, R.J.
Schueler, S.
Schultz, A.L.
Seguier, P.
Selig, F.
Smith, J.T.
Staggs, H.M.
Standing, M.B.
Stiles, W.E.
Takacs, G.
Teeuw, D.
Terhune, Mary H.
Thomas, G.W.
Thurnau, D.H.
Timmerman, E.L.
Todd, M.R.
Troost, P.J.P.M.
Urbanosky, H.J.
Walstrom, J.E.
Wattenbarger, R.A.
Weber, A.G.
Weinaug, C.F.
Welge, H.J.
Whiting, R.L.
Wong, S.W.
Yarbourough, L.
SUBJECT INDEX
Abnormal fluid pressure
Absolute permeability
measurement of
Acceleration project
Acid treatment
Afterflow
Afterflow analysis
Earlougher and Kersch
McKinley
Ramey
Russell
Al-Hussainy, Ramey and Crawford:
real gas flow
Amerada pressure gauge
Aquifer
average pressure,
bounded,
compressibility, total,
constant,
encroachable water
encroachable angle
fitting
infinite acting
model
pressure decline
productivity index
steady state
Aquifer expansion
time dependence of
Aquifer geometry:
general,
linear,
radial,
Average reservoir pressure,
Averaged relative permeability and
saturation (see Thickness averaged
relative permeability)
Bachaquero field (Venezuela),
Back pressure testing,
Basic differential equation, radial flow,
conditions of solution,
derivation of,
linearization, real gas,
linearization, general,
linearization, liquid,
Basic well test analysis equation:
general,
for liquid,
for real gas,
Beykan field (Turkey),
Bolivar Coast fields (Venezuela),
Boltzmann's transformation,
Boundary conditions,
constant pressure,
infinite,
no-flow,
Breakthrough:
of water in a producing well,
premature,
saturation,
time,
Brent field (North Sea),
Brons and Marting, partial well
penetration,
Bubble point
line,
pressure,
Buckley-Leverett one dimensional
displacement,
stability of,
Buckley-Leverett equation,
derivation of,
mathematical difficulty with,
Buildup (see Pressure buildup)
SUBJECT INDEX 425
By-passing:
critical rate to prevent,
oil by gas,
oil by water,
Capillary:
force,
-gravity equilibrium,
rise, capillary tube experiment,
rise, in the reservoir,
tube,
Capillary pressure,
equation,
Laplace equation,
negative value,
psuedo (see Psuedo capillary
pressure)
Capillary pressure curve (function):
laboratory determination,
oil-water, drainage,
oil-water, imbibition,
Capillary pressure gradient,
neglected in description of segregated
flow,
neglect in fractional flow equation,
Capillary transition zone,
allowance for in displacement
calculations,
(homogeneous reservoir), (layered
reservoir), compared to reservoir
thickness, lack of,
Carbon dioxide flooding,
Coats, K.H.,
Coefficient of inertial resistance,
dependence on liquid saturation,
experimental determination of units of,
Combination drive,
Compaction,
cell,
derive,
Compaction curve,
hysteresis of,
Comparison between p
2
and m(p)
solution
techniques, real gas flow,
Compressibility, isothermal,
application of basic definition,
aquifer, total
effective, saturation weighted,
(undersaturated reservoir)
fluids in the well,
oil,
pore,
total, gas saturated reservoir,
total, saturation weighted
(undersaturated reservoir),
water,
Compressibility program for
generating thickness averaged
relative permeabilities,
numerical simulation,
well test analysis,
Condensate, retrograde,
Conduction heat transfer, to
cap and base rock,
reservoir from cap and base rock,
Coning,
Connate water saturation,
expansion of,
Constant terminal pressure solution
(radial diffusivity equation),
Constant terminal rate solution (radial
diffusivity
equation):
liquid,
real gas,
semi-steady state flow (liquid, (real
gas)
transient flow (liquid),
(real gas)
Constant volume depletion
experiment,
Contact angle,
hysteresis of,
SUBJECT INDEX 426
Convection heat loss,
Correction of measured wellbore
pressure to a
datum level,
Correction of PVT differential data to
allow for
surface separation,
Cricodentherm,
Critical:
point,
pressure,
saturation (see Saturation, critical)
temperature,
Critical rate for by-passing:
oil by gas,
oil by water,
Damage to formation,
Darcy:
Henry,
the,
units,
Darcy's
experiment,
flow coefficient, gas,
law, linear flow,
law radial flow,
Datum
plane,
pressure,
Depletion drive, gas reservoir,
development planning:
gas field,
general,
Dew point line,
Dietz:
determination of average pressure in
a buildup survey,
segregated displacement,
shape factors,
Differential liberation experiment,
Diffuse flow conditions,
Diffusivity constant,
Diffusivity equation (see Radial diffusivity
equation)
Dimensionless cumulative oil production:
moveable oil volumes,
pore volumes,
Dimensionless cumulative water influx
function,
maximum value of, bounded aquifer,
plots of ,
superposition of,
Dimensionless cumulative water injected:
moveable oil volumes,
pore volumes,
Dimensionless pressure functions:
definition of
difficulty in application,
general expression for any value of
the flowing time,
generation of,
semi-steady state,
superposition of,
transient,
Dimensionless pressure/pseudo pressure
function for any fluid,
superposition of,
transient,
Dimensionless pseudo pressure, gas-oil,
Dimensionless radius:
aquifer/reservoir,
reservoir/wellbore,
Dimensionless real gas pseudo pressure
function,
difficulty in application,
general expression for any value of
the flowing time,
generation of,
semi-steady state,
superposition of,
transient,
SUBJECT INDEX 427
Dimensionless time, t
D
:
aquifer,
reservoir,
Dimensionless time, t
DA
,
difficulty in evaluation for a real gas,
Dimensionless time for semi-steady state
flow, (t
DA
)
SSS
,
Dimensionless variable, pressure
analysis,
reasons for use,
Dip-angle of reservoir,
effect on the fractional flow equation,
Displacement:
immiscible (see Immiscible
displacement) miscible,
Dissolved gas (see Gas, disolved)
Distillation of crude oil in the reservoir,
Distortion of radial flow in the vicinity of a
well,
Dodson's PVT experiment,
Drainage (capillary),
Drill stem test,
Drilling mud,
Drive mechanisms (see Reservoir drive
mechanisms)
Dry gas re-cycling,
Dynamic grid block pressure,
Earlougher, R.C., Jr:
afterflow anlaysis,
digitized MBH charts,
dynamic grid block pressure,
generation of MBH charts,
pressure drawdown analysis,
Effective flowing time,
Effective permeability,
curves, oil-water,
saturation dependence,
Effective permeability, measurement of:
afterflow analysis
buildup analysis, gas-oil,
" " , oil, 9
" " , oil, real gas,
multi-rate drawdown analysis, oil
multi-rate drawdown analysis, real
gas,
single rate drawdown analysis, oil,
" " " " , real gas,
Effective well bore raduis,
End point:
mobility ratio, gas/oil,
mobility ratio, water/oil,
relative permeabilities, gas-oil,
relative permeabilities, water-oil,
Equations of state:
ideal gas,
real gas,
van der Waals,
Equivalent gas volume,
Erosion of surface,
Essis-Thomas analysis,
Euler's constant,
Everdingen, A.F. van, mechanical skin
factor
(see Mechanical skin factor)
Expansion of reservoir fluids,
Exploration well,
Exponential integral,
logarithmic approximation,
Fetovictch, M.J.,
comparison between calculated water
influx and that of Hurst and van
Everdingen,
equations for water influx
modified method for large aquifers,
Final flow rate,
Finite difference approximation
Flash expansion of:
oil sample to determine the bubble
point pressure,
separator oil sample,
SUBJECT INDEX 428
unit volume of bubble point oil
through model separators,
Flow charts:
calculation of flowing pressure in a
gas well,
Kazemi iteration,
predication of pressure decline in a
water drive gas reservoir,
Flowing pressure survey,
Flowing time
Fluid:
contacts in the reservoir,
distributions in the well,
potential equilibrium,
Fluid samples:
subsurface collection,
surface recombination,
Forchheimer equation,
Formation volume factor:
gas (see Gas formation volume
factor)
oil (see Oil""")
water (see Water formation volume
factor)
Fractional flow,
calculation of,
surface conditions,
Fractional flow curve
tangent to,
Fractional flow equation:
dependence on water saturation,
derivation of,
derivation of
horizontal, diffuse flow,
horizontal, segregated, unstable
displacement,
influence of capillary pressure
gradient,
influence of dip angle (gravity),
Fracturing fluid,
Gas
composition,
compressibility (isothermal),
condensate,
constant, universal,
density,
disposal,
dissolved (solution),
equation of state (see Equation of
state)
expansion factor,
expansion in the reservoir,
flow, (see Real gas flow)
flow velocity in the reservoir
formation volume factor,
gravity,
ideal,
injection,
liberated, solution,
material balance (see Material
balance, gas)
pressure gradient,
PVT experiment,
slippage,
viscosity-compressibility product,
volume equivalent,
Z-factor (see Z-factor)
Gascap,
drive,
expansion,
secondary,
Gas in place:
apparent, in water drive gas reservoir,
initial, GIIP,
Gas-oil contact,
Gas-oil ratio:
control,
cumulative,
equation,
producing (instantaneous),
solution,
solution, initial, of bubble point oil
(differential),
SUBJECT INDEX 429
solution, initial, of bubble point oil
(flash),
Gas recovery,
Gas saturation,
critical,
residual, to water,
Gas-water contact,
Gas well testing:
general analysis theory,
buildup,
multi-rate drawdown,
Grain (matrix) pressure,
Gravity:
force,
segregation,
Gravity number:
gas displacing oil,
water displacing oil,
Hall-Yarborough, calculation of Z-factors,
Havlena-Odeh, interpretation of material
balance,
gascap drive,
natural water drive,
solution gas drive,
History matching:
reservoir performance,
pressure,
Horner buildup plot:
gas-oil
general (any fluid),
oil,
real gas,
Hot water injection,
Hurst and van Everdingen
constant terminal pressure solution
(radial diffusivity equation),
constant terminal rate solution (radial
diffusivity equation),
unsteady state water influx theory,
Hydrocarbon:
accumulations,
columns,
migration,
phase behaviour,
recovery (see Recovery of
hydrocarbons)
Hydrocarbon pore volume (HCPV)
gascap,
reduction of during depletion,
Hydrostatic:
equilibrium,
pressure regime (abnormal),
" " (normal),
Image wells,
Imbibition,
Immisible fluids,
oil by gas,
oil by water,
physical assumptions,
water by oil,
with total lack of vertical equilibrium,
Incompressible fluids,
Increasing:
effective permeability,
well penetration,
productivity index,
Infinite:
acting aquifer,
" reservoir,
closed in time,
Inflow equations:
aquifer,
semi-steady state (oil), (gas),
steady state (oil),
" " , steam soaked well
In-situ combustion,
Interface between immiscible fluids,
Interfacial tension,
Kapuni field (New Zealand),
Kayaköy field (Turkey),
Kazemi, H., Jr.,
SUBJECT INDEX 430
Klinkenberg effect,
Kirchhoff integral transformation,
Laplace,
capillary pressure equation,
steady state equation,
transform
Late transient flow,
Line transient flow, 153-54, 304
Late transient flow,
Line source solution (radial diffusivity
equation)
liquid,
real gas,
Linear prototype reservoir,
Linearization (see Basic differential
equation)
Logs, petrophysical,
McKinley afterflow analysis,
transmissiblity,
type curves,
wellbore parameter,
Maps:
datum pressure,
geological contour,
Mass conservation,
fluid, radial flow,
oil, linear flow,
water, linear displacement,
Mass transfer,
Material balance:
aquifer,
gas reservoir, depletion,
" " , water drive,
general hydrocarbon reservoir,
" , linear function,
linear incompressible water injection,
production from a closed radial cell,
reduced equation, gascap drive
reservoir,
" ", natural water drive reservoir,
solution gas drive reservoir,
undersaturated,
solution gas drive reservoir, gas
saturated,
Matthews, Brons, Hazebroek (MBH):
charts,
determination of average pressure,
buildup test,
gas-oil,
general,
oil,
real gas,
dimensionless pressure,
dimensionless pseudo pressure,
theory, buildup testing,
volume (rate) averaged reservoir
pressure,
Mechanical skin factor,
Mechanical skin factor, determination of
afterflow analysis, oil
buildup testing
gas-oil,
oil,
real gas,
multi-rate drawdown
oil,
real gas,
single rate drawdown
oil,
Mercury injection pump,
Method of images,
Micellar solution flooding,
Mobilituy:
buffer,
control,
fluid,
relative,
Mobility ratio:
end point, gas/oil,
end point, general,
" ", water/oil,
flood front,