Cui Dongmei. Atlas of Histology: with functional and clinical correlations. 1st ed
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Index
435
peptic duodenitis, 292
seminal vesicles, 367
trachea, 208
ureter, 237, 237
urinary bladder, 238, 238
vagina, 385
villi of the small intestine, 293
Large intestine, 51, 280, 298, 298
anorectal junction, 301, 301
appendix and cecum, 282, 301, 301
cecum, 282
colon, 282, 299, 299
glands of Lieberkühn, 299, 299
loose connective tissue, 72
mucosa, 299, 299
rectum and anal canal, 282
Large vein, 158, 173, 174, 175, 175
Larynx. See Upper respiratory airway
Laser-assisted epithelial keratomileusis
(LASEK), 396, 396
Lens, 390, 398, 398
anterior region, 398, 398
anterior surface, 401, 401
cortex, 398
equatorial region, 398, 398
functions, 399, 399
posterior region, 398, 398
zonular fibers, 399, 399
Leukocytes, 58, 135, 137, 139, 144t
agranulocytes (see Agranulocytes)
counts, 143
granular (see Granular leukocytes)
Lewy body, 6, 6
Lining mucosa, 257, 259
cheek, 261, 261
labial gland, 260, 260
vs. masticatory mucosae, 261t
skin lip, 260
vermilion zone, 260, 260
Lipofuscin, 10, 10
Liquefactive necrosis, 9, 9
Lithotripsy, 235
Liver, 306, 307
acinus, 318, 318
alcoholic fatty, 318, 318
bile canaliculi and hepatocytes, 320, 320
functions, 317
hepatic sinusoids, 319, 319
hepatocytes, 319, 319
portal triad, 318, 318
reticular fibers, 67, 67, 75
space of Disse, 319, 319
structure, 317, 317
Lobular parenchymal inflammation, 322
Loops of Henle, 221, 227
Loose connective tissue. See Connective tissue
proper
Lower respiratory airway, 200, 203, 208
extrapulmonary bronchi (primary bronchi),
201
intrapulmonary bronchi, 201
bronchioles, 201, 212, 212
secondary bronchi, 201, 210, 210
terminal bronchioles, 213, 213
tertiary (segmental) bronchi, 201, 210
trachea, 201, 208, 208–209
vs. upper respiratory airway, 219
Luteinizing hormone (LH), 325, 330, 354,
370, 377, 379
Lymph nodes, 176, 180–181
germinal center, 192, 192
high endothelial venules (HEV), 193, 193
HIV infection, 190, 190
medullary sinuses and cords, 192, 192
structure, 191, 191, 192, 192
Lymphadenopathy, 190, 198
Lymphangioma, 176, 176
Lymphocytes, 20, 42, 44, 58, 60, 62, 63,
135–136, 140, 140, 143, 145, 182, 182
B lymphocyte (see B-lymphocyte)
chalazion, 394
dental pulp, 276
helper T-lymphocyte activation, 186, 186
hepatitis C, 322
HIV Infection, 186, 186
immunoglobulins, 184
testis seminoma, 361
T-lymphocyte maturation and markers,
185, 185
types, 183, 183
Lymphoid hyperplasia, 190, 198
Lymphoid organs, 179, 191, 198t
lymph nodes (see Lymph nodes)
lymphocytes (see Lymphocytes)
orientation, 183
spleen (see Spleen)
structures, 187–188
thymus (see Thymus)
M
Macrodontia, 278
Macrophages, 57
Macula adherens, 12
Macula densa, 228, 228
Macula utriculi, 419, 419
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
423, 423
Male reproductive system, 347
accessory genital glands, 346
prostate gland, 366, 366
seminal vesicles, 367, 367
extratesticular genital ducts, 345–346
ductus deferens, 364, 364
ductus epididymis, 362, 362
ejaculatory duct, 365, 365
intratesticular genital ducts, 345, 360
ductuli efferentes, 361, 361
rete testis, 360, 360
tubuli recti, 360, 360
orientation, 348
penis, 346
testis, 345, 349, 349 (see also Seminiferous
tubules)
Malignant melanoma, 251, 251
Mallory body, 318, 318, 322
Mammary gland, 371, 386, 386
active gland, 386, 386
inactive (resting) gland, 386, 386
nipple, 387, 387
Mammotrophs, 328, 328. See also Prolactin
Marfan syndrome, 76, 76
Mast cells, 57, 63, 63
Masticatory mucosa
gingiva, 262, 262
hard palate, 262, 262
McBurney point, 190
Meckel diverticulum, 300, 300
Mediastinum, 349
Medium vein, 174, 174
Medullary rays, 227
Meibomian glands, 395
Meissner corpuscles, 125, 125, 246, 246
Melanin, 10, 10
Melanocytes, 250, 250
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH),
325, 328, 331
Melanocytic nevus, 251, 251
Membrana granulosa, 377
Membranous labyrinth, 413, 414
Memory T cells, 180
Ménière disease, 420, 420
Meningitis, 129, 129
Menorrhagia, 382, 387
Merkel cells, 250, 250
Mesangial cells, 228, 228. See also
Intraglomerular mesangial cells
Mesenchymal connective tissue, 59, 72,
77, 77
Metamyelocytes, 151, 151
Metaplasia, 8, 8, 287
Metrorrhagia, 382, 387
Microdontia, 278
Microtubules, 13
Microvilli, 12, 232, 321, 321
Mixed gland, 48, 48
Molluscum contagiosum, 254, 254
Monocytes, 137
azurophilic granules, 140
counts, 143
differentiation, 136
life spans, 143
size, 143
Monomorphic chief cells, 335
Monomorphism, 8, 8
MSH. See Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Mucosa, 280–281
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues
(MALT)
appendix, 190, 190
bronchus-associated lymphatic tissue
(BALT), 180
gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT),
180, 190, 190
tonsils (see Tonsils)
Mucous acinus, 312, 312
Mucous connective tissue, 59, 72, 77, 77
Mucous gland, 48, 48
Müller muscle, 395
Multicellular glands
compound acinar gland, 54, 54
compound tubular gland, 53, 53
compound tubuloacinar gland, 54, 54
duodenum, 53, 53
large intestine, 51, 51
pancreas, 54, 54
penis, 52, 52
simple acinar gland, 52, 52
simple branched acinar gland, 53, 53
simple coiled tubular gland, 52, 52
simple tubular gland, 51, 51
skin, 53, 53
stomach, 51, 51
submandibular glands, 54, 54
sweat glands, 52, 52
Multilaminar primary follicle, 376
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Index
Multinucleation, 8, 8
Multiple sclerosis (MS), 123, 123
Muscle
cardiac muscle (see Cardiac muscle)
characteristics, 114t
pathological conditions, 114
skeletal muscle (see Skeletal muscle)
smooth muscle (see Smooth muscle)
types, 101, 101
Muscular dystrophy, 103, 103
Muscularis externa, 281, 296, 296
Myalgia, 198
Myasthenia gravis, 106, 106
Myelinated axons, 123–124, 123–124
Myelocyte, 151, 151
Myeloperoxidase deficiency, 142
Myocardial infarction (MI), 161, 161
Myoepithelial cells, 252
Myoid processes, 401
N
Necrosis, 9, 9, 77, 114, 318, 381
Neoplasm, 97, 312, 335, 337, 378
Nephrolithiasis, 237
Nephron, 231, 231
distal convoluted tubules, 221, 231
Loop of Henle, 221, 231
proximal convoluted tubule, 221, 231
renal corpuscle, 221
Nephropathy, 342
Nerve fiber layer, 404, 404, 407
Nervous system
autonomic nervous system (see Autonomic
nervous system)
central nervous system (see Central nervous
system (CNS))
pathological conditions, 133
peripheral nervous system (see Peripheral
nervous system (PNS))
Neurofibrillary tangles, 6, 6, 133
Neurons
action potentials, 118, 118
brain stem, reticular formation,
126, 126
synapses, 116
types, 118, 118
Neuropathy, 133, 342
Neutrophils, 136
blood cell size, 143
capillary, 141, 141
counts, 143
granules type, 141, 141
life spans, 143
phagocytosis, 136, 142, 142
respiratory burst, 136
Nexus junctions. See Gap junctions
Nicotine stomatitis, 262
Node of Ranvier, 123, 123, 124, 124
Nodular glomerulosclerosis, 227. See also
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease
Nucleus, 12
components, 16, 16
euchromatic vs. heterochromatic, 4, 4
functions, 13
large vs. small, 4, 4
nucleoli prominent, 4, 4
simple vs. segmented, 4, 4
Null cells, 140, 180, 183, 183
Null-cell adenomas, 333
Nulliparity, 387
O
Obesity, 74, 74
Odontoblastic process, 265, 274, 274
Odontogenesis, 267, 267. See also Teeth,
development
apposition (crown) stage, 265, 270
bell stage, 265, 269
bud stage, 265, 268
cap stage, 265, 268
histogenesis phases, 265
initiation phase, 265
morphogenesis phases, 265
Olfactory mucosa, 200, 203, 203, 206, 206
Oocyte
fertilization, 382
graafian follicle, 377
mature stage, 370
meiotic division, 377
primary, 370
primordial follicles, 370
secondary, 374
zona pellucida, 376
Optic chiasm, 329, 329
Ora serrata, 403, 403, 408
Oral mucosa, 259, 259
lining mucosa, 257–258 (see also Lining
mucosa)
masticatory mucosa, 258 (see also
Masticatory mucosa)
specialized mucosa, 258 (see also
Specialized mucosa)
structures, 259
teeth, 265–278
Oral submucous fibrosis, 261
Orbicularis oculi muscle, 389–390, 394, 394,
395, 395
Organ of Corti, 413, 413, 415, 415, 416,
416, 418
Orthochromatophilic erythroblast, 145, 146,
146, 148, 148
Osteitis fibrosa cystica, 335, 342
Osteoarthritis, 84, 84
Osteoblasts, 93, 93, 96, 96
Osteoclast, 96, 96, 136, 137
Osteomalacia, 34, 45, 97
Osteoporosis, 97
Osteosarcoma, 95, 95
Otalgia, 422, 423
Otitis media, 422, 422
Otoconia, 421, 421
Otolithic membrane, 419, 421, 421
Ovaries, 370–371, 374, 374
follicle development, 374, 374
Graafian follicle, 377, 377
postovulatory structures, 371, 378
primary follicles, 376, 376
primordial follicles, 375, 375
Oviducts, 371, 380, 380
ciliated cells, 380
epithelial cells, 380, 380
peg cells, 380
Ovoid cell, 2, 2
Oxyphil cells, 335, 335
P
Pacinian corpuscles, 125, 125, 244, 247
Paget disease, 97
Palatine tonsils, 189, 189
Pancreas, 54, 54, 305–306
acinar cells, 316, 316
centroacinar cells, 316, 316
endocrine, 315, 315
exocrine, 315, 315
exocrine pancreatic duct system, 315, 315
Paneth cells, 293, 295, 295
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, 385
Papillary ducts, 222, 227, 231, 231, 234
Papilledema, 408, 408
Papillomatosis, 255
Parafollicular cells, 325, 334, 334
Parakeratosis, 45, 255
Parathormone (PTH), 325, 335
Parathyroid gland, 325–326, 327, 327,
335, 335
Parotid cyst, 310, 310
Parotid gland, 48, 48, 49, 49, 309, 309,
310, 310
Pars distalis, 325, 330, 330
Pars intermedia, 325, 331, 331
Pars nervosa, 325, 332, 332
Penile urethra, 240, 240, 347
Penis, 347, 347, 368, 368
Peptic duodenitis, 292, 292
Periodontal disease, 278
Periodontitis, 278
Periodontium, 265
acellular cementum, 277, 277
cellular cementum, 277, 277
ligament and alveolar bone, 277, 278
Perionychium, 254, 254
Peripheral nervous system (PNS), 116, 121,
121
cross section, 122, 122
hereditary sensory motor neuropathy, type
III (HSMN III), 122, 122
Meissner corpuscles, 125, 125
multiple sclerosis (MS), 123, 123
myelinated and unmyelinated axons, 123–
124, 123–124
Pacinian corpuscles, 125, 125
peripheral sensory receptors, 125, 125
posterior root ganglia, 122, 122
Periportal hepatitis, 322, 322
Petechiae, 140, 154
Pharyngeal tonsil, 189, 189, 200
Pheochromocytoma, 337, 337
Photoreceptor (rods and cones) layer, 407
Pia mater, 129, 129, 408, 408
Pigments, 10
Pineal gland, 326, 339, 339
Pinealocytes, 326, 339, 339
Pineoblastoma, 339, 339
Pinocytotic vesicles, 232, 232
Pituicytes, 325, 332, 332
Pituitary gland, 324–325
adenohypophysis, 325
chromophils and chromophobes, 329
ectoderm, 329
Herring bodies, 329, 332, 332
pars distalis, 330, 330
pars intermedia, 331, 331
pars nervosa, 332, 332
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437
adenoma, 333, 333
blood supply, 331
hormone regulation, 328, 328
hypothalamus, 329, 329
neurohypophysis, 325
optic chiasm, 329, 329
Placenta, 371, 384, 384
Planum semilunatum, 420, 420
Plasma cells, 21, 21, 57, 60, 61, 61, 180
Platelets, 135, 143
development (see Thrombopoiesis)
granules type, 138, 138
storage pool deficiency, 154
Pleomorphic adenoma, 310, 310
Pleomorphism, 8, 8
Podocytes, 229, 229, 230
Polarized cell, 2, 2
Polyarteritis nodosa, 169, 169
Polychromatophilic erythroblast, 146, 146,
147, 147
Polydipsia, 342
Polyhedral cell, 2, 2
Polyuria, 342
Portal fibrosis, 318, 318, 322
Portal lobule, 317, 317
Portal tract expansion, 322
Posterior corneal epithelium, 396, 396
Posterior iridial epithelium, 400, 400, 401
Postovulatory structures, 371, 378, 378
Preovulatory follicle, 370, 377
Primary epithelial band, 265, 268, 268
Primary follicles, 370, 376, 376
Primordial follicles, 370, 375, 375
Proerythroblasts, 147, 147
Prolactin, 330, 333, 333
Promyelocytes, 151, 151, 154
Prostate cancer, 366, 366
Prostate gland, 346
cancer, 366, 366
ejaculatory duct, 365, 365
structure, 366, 366
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), 366, 368
Prostatic urethra, 240, 240, 346, 365, 365
Proximal convoluted tubule, 221, 228, 228
Proximal straight tubules, 231, 231
Pruritis, 77
Pseudopolyp, 300, 302
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium, 27
respiratory epithelium, 38, 38
trachea, 37, 37
Psoriasis, 41, 41
PTH. See Parathormone
Ptosis, 395, 408
Pulp abscess, 276, 276
Pulpitis, 278
Pyloric glands, 282, 290, 290
R
Rathke cysts, 325, 331, 331
Red lesions, 278
Reduced enamel epithelium (REE),
271, 272
Reed-Sternberg cell, 193, 193, 198
Renal cell carcinoma, 234, 234
Renal Fanconi syndrome, 34, 34
Renal oncocytoma, 235, 235
RER. See Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Residual bodies, 357, 357
Respiratory system, 200, 219t
alveolar ducts and alveoli
alveolar macrophages, 202, 217, 217
type I pneumocytes, 202, 215, 215
type II pneumocytes, 202, 216, 216
asthma, 218
dyspnea, 218
finger clubbing, 218
hyaline membrane, 218
lower respiratory airway (see Lower
respiratory airway)
respiratory bronchioles, 201, 211, 211,
213, 213
squamous metaplasia, 218
structure, 203, 203
upper respiratory airway (see Upper
respiratory airway)
Rete testis, 345, 360, 360
Reticular connective tissue, 59, 72, 75, 75
Reticular fibers, 58, 67, 67, 75, 75
Reticular layer, 246, 246
Reticulocytosis, 148, 148, 154
Retina, 390–391, 404, 404
detachment, 407, 407
layers, 406, 406, 407
macular region, 404, 404
peripheral region, 404, 404
rods and cones, 404t, 405, 405
Retinopathy, 342
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), 12, 18,
18, 295, 311
S
Salivary glands
duct system, 309, 309
parotid gland, 309, 309
structure, 309, 309
sublingual glands, 314, 314
submandibular glands, 311, 311
intralobular duct, 313, 313
mucous acinus, 312, 312
serous acinus, 311, 311
striated duct, 313, 313
swelling, 43, 43
Saponification, 315, 322
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 230,
230, 418
Scar, 9, 9
SCC. See Squamous cell carcinoma
Schweigger-Seidel sheath, 196
Sebaceous glands, 48, 48, 247, 252, 252
Secondary follicles, ovary, 370, 377, 377
SEM. See Scanning electron microscopy
Semicircular duct, 413, 413
Seminiferous epithelium, 350, 350
early spermatid, 351, 351
primary spermatocyte, 352, 352
sertoli cell, 352, 352
spermatogenesis, 356, 356
spermatogenic cells, 355, 355
stages, 356–359, 356–359
Seminiferous tubules, 349, 349
interstitial connective tissue, 349
sertoli cells, 352, 352
spermatids, 350
spermatocytes, 350
spermatogonia, 350
tubuli recti, 349
Sensorineural hearing loss, 418, 418, 423
SER. See Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Serosa and adventitia, 281, 281
Serous acinus, 49, 49, 311, 311
Serous gland, 47, 48, 48, 49
Sertoli cells, 345, 350, 352, 352, 353
Sialadenitis, 43, 314, 314
Sialolithiasis, 314, 322
Sickle cell anemia, 138, 138
Simple columnar epithelium, 27, 35, 35
Simple cuboidal epithelium, 27
kidney tubules, 34, 34
thyroid gland, 33, 33
Simple squamous epithelium, 27
artery endothelium, 31, 31
blood vessels, 31, 31
body cavity, 30, 30
kidney, medulla, 32, 32
oviduct, 30, 30
Sjögren syndrome, 314, 314
Skeletal muscle, 5
characteristics, 103, 103
contraction, 99
motor endplates, 106, 106
muscle spindles, 107, 107
muscular dystrophy, 103, 103
myasthenia gravis, 106, 106
myofilaments, 104, 104
organization, 102, 102
sarcomeres, 104, 104
sarcoplasmic reticulum, 105, 105
striations, 104, 104
transverse tubule system, 105, 105
Skin, 53, 53, 242–244, 244
accessory structures
apocrine sweat gland, 252, 252
eccrine sweat glands, 252, 252
hair follicle, 253, 253
nails, 254, 254
sebaceous gland, 252, 252
dermis, 246, 247
development of
fetal skin (5 to 9 weeks), 255, 255
fetal skin (5th month), 255, 255
epidermis, 246, 247
functions, 245
hypodermis, 247
scalp, 48, 48
thick vs. thin skin, 251t
Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, 212,
212
Small intestine, 291
columnar absorptive cell, 294, 294
duodenum, 282, 292, 292
enteroendocrine cells, 295, 295
G cells, 292
goblet cells, 294, 294
ileum, 282
jejunum, 282
muscularis externa, 296, 296
myenteric/auerbach plexus, 296, 296
paneth cells, 295, 295
plicae circulares, 292
submucosal/meissner plexus, 296, 296
villi, 293, 293
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), 12, 13,
319, 319, 337, 337
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Smooth muscle, 99–100
bronchiole, 111, 111
characteristics, 110, 110
chronic asthma, 111, 111
contractile mechanism, 113, 113
duodenum, 110, 110
medium artery, 113, 113
organization, 110, 110
trachea, 112, 112
uterus, 111, 111
Smudge cell, 140, 140, 154
Somatotrophs, 325, 328, 328. See also
Growth hormone
Sound transduction
auditory hair cells, 417, 417
cochlea, 417, 417
stereocilia, 417, 417, 418, 418
Space of Disse, 306, 319, 319
Specialized mucosa, 258
circumvallate papillae, 264, 264
filiform papillae, 263, 263
foliate papillae and taste buds,
264, 264
fungiform papillae, 263, 263
vs. lingual papillae, 264t
Spermatids, 350, 350, 358–359, 358, 359
Spermatogenesis, 355, 356, 356
Spherical cell, 2, 2
Spleen, 181
circulation, 196, 196
functions, 195
periarterial lymphatic sheath, 196, 196
red pulp, 181, 195, 195, 197, 197
structure, 181, 195
white pulp, 181, 195, 195
Spongiosis, 255
Spongy urethra, 223, 240, 240, 346
Squamous cell, 2, 2, 375, 375
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 248, 248,
312, 312
Stab (band) cells, 150, 152, 152
Steatosis, 6, 6, 318, 318
Stereocilia, 39, 39, 40, 417, 418, 418
Stomach, 51, 51, 288, 288
body region, 281, 289, 289
cardia region, 281, 289, 289
fundic region, 281, 289, 289
pyloric region, 281–282, 290, 290
Stratified columnar epithelium, 27–28,
44, 44
Stratified cuboidal epithelium, 27, 43, 43
Stratified squamous epithelium, 27
nonkeratinized, 42, 42
palm, 41, 41
thin skin, 41, 41
Stria vascularis, 415, 416
Striae of Retzius, 273, 273
Striated duct, 47, 313, 313
Sublingual gland, 48, 48, 305, 314, 314
Submandibular gland, 54, 54, 305, 311–313,
311–313
Superior tarsal muscle, 394, 395, 395
Supporting connective tissue, 59
Sweat gland, 47, 52, 52
apocrine, 252, 252
eccrine, 246, 252, 252
Sympathetic ganglion neurons, 132,
132, 336
Synapse, 116, 118
elements, 119, 119
structure, 120, 120
synaptic cleft, 114
Systemic circulation system, 156, 158
T
T lymphocytes
helper T-lymphocyte activation,
186, 186
maturation, 179, 181, 185, 185
types, 179–180
Tarsal glands, 394, 395
Tectorial membrane, 410, 415, 416,
416, 417
Teeth, 265, 266, 266
dental hard tissue, 275t
enamel, dentin, and dental pulp,
265, 273
eruption, 267, 271, 271, 273–275
periodontium, 265, 277, 278
root development, 271, 271
Tendinosis, 71, 71
Tensor tympani muscle, 412, 412
Testicular torsion, 364
Testis, 349, 349
seminiferous tubules (See Seminiferous
tubules)
seminoma, 361, 361
Testosterone
functions, 343, 345, 349, 353
secretion, 336, 349, 354
Theca externa, 370, 377, 377
Theca folliculi, 370, 376, 377
Theca interna, 370, 377, 377, 378
Thick skin, 246, 246
Thin skin, 247–251
Thrombocytosis, 154
Thrombopoiesis
demarcation membranes, 145
developmental stages, 145, 146, 146
essential thrombocytosis, 149, 149,
154
megakaryocytes, 145, 146, 149, 149
promegakaryocytes, 146, 146, 149, 149
Thymus, 181, 194, 194
Thyroid gland
follicles, 33, 46, 324, 325, 334, 334,
343
parafollicular cells, 325, 334, 334, 343
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 33, 324,
325, 328, 328, 330, 343
Tight junctions. See Zonula occludens
Tinnitus, 420, 423, 423
Tomes process, 270
Tonsils, 180, 189t. See also Palatine tonsils;
Pharyngeal tonsil
Tooth decay, 278
Trachea, 27, 37, 47, 80, 82–84, 84,
112, 200, 201, 203, 203, 208–210,
219
Trachoma, 44, 44
Transitional epithelium, 45, 45
Transverse colon, 282, 299
TSH. See Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Tubuli recti, 345, 347, 349, 349, 360, 360
Tunica albuginea, 345, 349, 349, 368, 368,
374, 374
Tunica externa, 389, 390, 396
Tunica vaginalis, 345, 349, 349
Tunica vasculosa
choroid, 389, 390, 399
ciliary body, 389, 390, 399
iris, 389–390
Type 1 diabetes mellitus, 341
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, 227, 342, 342
U
Ulceration, 10, 10, 44, 255
Ulcerative colitis, 302, 302
Umbilical cord, 77, 77, 371, 385, 385
Unicellular glands, 47, 50, 50
Unilaminar primary follicles, 376
Unmyelinated axons, 123–124, 123–124
Upper eyelid, 394–395, 394–395
Upper respiratory airway
larynx
epiglottis, 200–201, 207
vocal cords (folds), 201
nasal cavity
nasal mucosa, 200, 205, 205
olfactory mucosa, 200, 206, 206
vestibule, 200, 205, 205
nasopharynx and oropharynx,
200, 210
Ureters, 222, 237, 237
Urethra, 346
female, 240, 240
male, 240, 240
Urinary bladder, 238–239, 238, 239
Urinary system, 224
collecting system, 222
distal convoluted tubules, 222
kidney, 221
loop of Henle, 221–222
nephron, 221
orientation, 226
proximal convoluted tubules, 221
ureters, 222
urethra, 223
urinary bladder, 222–223
urine production and drainage, 230
Urothelial (transitional) carcinoma,
238, 238
Urothelium, 238, 238
Urticaria, 77
Uterine leiomyoma, 382, 382
Uterus, 371, 381–382, 381–382
V
Vacuolated cytoplasm, 3, 3
Vagina, 371, 385, 385
Varicosity, 114
Vasectomy, 364
Venous system
large vein, 175, 175
medium vein, 174, 174
small vein, 173, 173
venule and arteriole, 173, 173
Vertigo, 420, 421, 421, 423, 423
Vestibular hair cells, 412
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Vestibular membrane, 415
Vestibular schwannoma, 423, 423
Vestibular system, 410–411
ampulla, 420, 420
crista ampullaris, 419, 419, 420, 420
excitation and inhibition, 422, 422
hair cells, 422, 422
macula, 421, 421
macula utriculi, 419, 419
otitis media, 422, 422
otoconia, 421, 421
sensory receptors, 419, 419
Villi, 293, 293
Vitamin D–resistant rickets, 275, 275
W
Waldeyer ring, 198
Wet macular degeneration, 407, 408
Whipple disease, 73, 73
White adipose tissue, 59
White lesions, 278
Z
Zellballen, 337, 337
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. See
Gastrinoma
Zonula adherens, 12, 19
Zonula occludens, 12, 19
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