278 References
Larson, V. E., J.-C. Golaz, H. Jiang, and W. R. Cotton, 2005. Supplying local
microphysics parameterizations with information about subgrid variability: Latin
hypercube sampling. J. Atmos. Sci., 62. 4010–4026.
Lawton, R. O., U. S. Nair, R. A. Pielke Sr., and R. M. Welch, 2001. Climatic impact of
tropical lowland deforestation on nearby montane cloud forests. Science, 294,
584–587.
Lean, J., 2005. Living with a variable sun. Physics Today, 58, 32–38.
Lean, J., and P. R. Rowntree, 1997. Understanding the sensitivity of a GCM simulation
of Amazonian deforestation to the specification of vegetation and soil
characteristics. J. Climate, 10, 1216–1235.
Lean, J., and D. A. Warrilow, 1989. Simulation of the regional climatic impact of
Amazon deforestation. Nature, 342, 411–413.
Ledley, T. S., and S. L. Thompson, 1986. Potential effect of nuclear war smokefall on
sea ice. Climate Change, 8, 155–171.
Lee, R., 1978. Forest Micrometeorology. New York: Columbia University Press.
Lee, T. J., R. A. Pielke, and P. W. Mielke Jr., 1995. Modeling the clear-sky surface
energy budget during FIFE87. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25585–25593.
Leemans, R., 1999. Land-use change and the terrestrial carbon cycle: The International
Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). Global Change Newslett., 37, 24–26.
Lenton, T. M., 2000. Land and ocean carbon cycle feedback effects on global warming
in a simple earth system model. Tellus, Ser. B, 52, 1159–1188.
Lepers, E., E. F. Lambin, A. C. Jenetos, et al., 2005. A synthesis of information on rapid
land-cover change for the period 1981–2000. BioScience, 55, 115–124.
Levi, Y., and D. Rosenfeld, 1996. Ice nuclei, rainwater chemical composition, and static
cloud seeding effects in Israel. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 1494–1501.
Levin, Z., E. Ganor, and V. Gladstein, 1996. The effects of desert particles coated with
sulfate on rain formation in the eastern Mediterranean. J. Appl. Meteor., 35,
1511–1523.
Levis, S., J. A. Foley, and D. Pollard, 1999. Potential high-latitude vegetation feedbacks
on CO
2
-induced climate change. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 747–750.
Levis, S., J. A. Foley, and D. Pollard, 2000. Large-scale vegetation feedbacks on a
doubled CO
2
climate. J. Climate, 13, 1313–1325.
Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, and C. Stephens, 2000. Warming of the world
ocean. Science, 287, 2225–2229.
Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, J. Wang, et al., 2001. Anthropogenic warming of Earth’s
climate system. Science, 292, 267–269.
Levitus, S., J. Antonov, and T. Boyer, 2005. Warming of the world ocean, 1955–2003.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02604, doi:10.1029/2004GL021592.
Levy, G., and W. R. Cotton, 1984. A numerical investigation of mechanisms linking
glaciation of the ice-phase to the boundary layer. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23,
1505–1519.
Lewis, W., 1951. On a seven-day periodicity. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 32, 192.
Li, B., and R. Avissar, 1994. The impact of spatial variability of land–surface heat
fluxes. J. Climate, 7, 527–537.
Li, D., H. Komiyama, K. Kurihara, and Y. Sato, 2000. Case studies of the impact of
landscape changes on weather modification in western Australia in summer.
J. Geophys. Res., 105, 12303–12315.
Lian, M. S., and R. D. Cess, 1977. Energy balance climate models: A reappraisal of
ice–albedo feedback. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1058–1062.
Liepert, B. G., J. Feichter, U. Lohmann, and E. Roeckner, 2004. Can aerosols spin down
the water cycle in a warmer and moister world? Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L06207,
doi:10.1029/2003GL019060.