Canale L.C.F., Mesquita R.A., Totten G.E. Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
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C
0.96
900
800
Ac
1a
Ac
1b
700
600
°C
500
400
300
M
M
s
10%
50%
90%
B
10% 50% 90%
P
Start
Finish
AC
200
100
0
mm 0.1
Bar
diameter
521102050
10 20 50
1002005001000
Cooling rate at 700 °C
°C per min
100 150
150
200
200
300
300
500
500
mm Oil
mm Water
Hardness after
transformation
60
50
HRC
40
30
20
10
800
700
500
600
400
HV
300
200
100
As cooled
T 400 °C 1 h
T 500 °C 1 h
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
5
10
10
20
20
50
50
100
100
200 500 1000 2000 mm
Air
0.20 0.60 0.020 0.020
Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni AI Nb V
Fig. A11.4 0.96 C (1090–1095), analysis wt%, austenitized at 780
C, previous treatment rolled
Appendix 11: Continuous Cooling Diagrams of Selected Steels / 605
Name ///sr-nova/Dclabs_wip/Failure_Analysis/5113_601-627.pdf/Appendix-11/ 18/8/2008 4:49PM Plate # 0 pg 605
C
0.46
900
800
Ac
3
Ac
1
700
600
°C
500
400
300
M
M
s
B
P
F
10%
50%
90%
Start
Finish
A
200
100
0
mm 0.1
Bar
diameter
521102050
10
Hardenability band
SAE 1345H
20 50
1002005001000
Cooling rate at 650 °C
°C per min
100 150
150
200
200
300
300
500
500
mm Oil
mm Water
Hardness after
transformation
60
50
HRC
40
30
20
10
800
700
500
600
400
HV
300
200
100
As cooled
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
5
10
10
20
20
50
50
100
100
200 500 1000 2000 mm
Air
0.25 1.80 0.020 0.015
Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni AI Nb V
Fig. A11.5 1
3
/
4
Mn (1547) (1345), analysis wt%, austenitized at 850
C, previous treatment rolled
606 / Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Name ///sr-nova/Dclabs_wip/Failure_Analysis/5113_601-627.pdf/Appendix-11/ 18/8/2008 4:49PM Plate # 0 pg 606
C
0.44
900
800
Ac
3
Ac
1
700
600
°C
500
400
300
M
M
s
B
P
F
°
10%
50%
90%
Start
Finish
A
200
100
0
mm 0.1
Bar
diameter
5211020
50
10 20 50
1002005001000
Cooling rate at 700 °C
°C per min
100 150
150
200
200
300
300
500
500
mm Oil
mm Water
Hardness after
transformation
60
50
HRC
40
30
20
10
800
700
500
600
400
HV
300
200
100
As cooled
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
5
10
10
20
20
50
50
100
100
200 500
1000
2000 mm
Air
0.20 1.50 0.020 0.250
Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni AI Nb V
Fig. A11.6 1
1
/
2
Mn+S (1139), analysis wt%, austenitized at 850
C, previous treatment rolled
Appendix 11: Continuous Cooling Diagrams of Selected Steels / 607
Name ///sr-nova/Dclabs_wip/Failure_Analysis/5113_601-627.pdf/Appendix-11/ 18/8/2008 4:49PM Plate # 0 pg 607
C
0.38
900
800
Ac
3
Ac
1
700
600
°C
500
400
300
M
M
s
B
F
P
10%
50%
90%
Start
Finish
A
200
100
0
mm 0.1
Bar
diameter
5
21
102050
10 20
50
1002005001000
Cooling rate at 700 °C
°C per min
100
150
150
200
200
300
300
500
500
mm Oil
mm Water
Hardness after
transformation
60
50
HRC
40
30
20
10
800
700
500
600
400
HV
300
200
100
As cooled
Hardenability band
BS 970 608H37
T 550 °C 1 h
T 600 °C 1 h
T 650 °C 1 h
T 700 °C 1 h
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
5
10
10
20
20
50
50
100
100
200
500 1000 2000 mm
Air
0.25 1.50 0.020 0.020 0.45
Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni AI Nb V
Fig. A11.7 1
1
/
2
Mn M o, analysis wt%, austenitized at 845
C, previous treatment rolled
608 / Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Name ///sr-nova/Dclabs_wip/Failure_Analysis/5113_601-627.pdf/Appendix-11/ 18/8/2008 4:49PM Plate # 0 pg 608
C
0.20
900
800
Ac
3
Ac
1
700
600
°C
500
400
300
M
M
s
B
F
P
10%
50%
90%
Start
Finish
A
200
100
0
mm 0.1
Bar
diameter
5
21
102050
10 20 50
1002005001000
Cooling rate at 750 °C
°C per min
100 150
150
200
200
300
300
500
500
mm Oil
mm Water
Hardness after
transformation
60
50
HRC
40
30
20
10
800
700
500
600
400
HV
300
200
100
As cooled
Hardenability band
DIN 17210 20MnCr5
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
5
10
10
20
20
50
50
100
100
200
500 1000 2000 mm
Air
0.25 1.25 0.025 0.015 1.15 0.150.02
Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni AI Nb V
Fig. A11.8 1
1
/
4
Mn Cr, analysis wt%, austenitized at 870
C, previous treatment rolled
Appendix 11: Continuous Cooling Diagrams of Selected Steels / 609
Name ///sr-nova/Dclabs_wip/Failure_Analysis/5113_601-627.pdf/Appendix-11/ 18/8/2008 4:50PM Plate # 0 pg 609
C
0.19
900
800
Ac
3
Ac
1
700
600
°C
500
400
300
M
M
s
B
F
P
10%
50%
90%
Start
Finish
A
200
100
0
mm 0.1
Bar
diameter
5
21
102050
10 20 50
1002005001000
Cooling rate at 750 °C
°C per min
100 150
150
200
200
300
300
500
500
mm Oil
mm Water
Hardness after
transformation
60
50
HRC
40
30
20
10
800
700
500
600
400
HV
300
200
100
As cooled
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
5
10
10
20
20
50
50
100
100
200
500 1000 2000 mm
Air
0.20 1.60 0.020 0.020 0.550.25
Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni AI Nb V
Fig. A11.9 1
1
/
2
Mn Ni Mo, analysis wt%, austenitized at 870
C, previous treatment rolled
610 / Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Name ///sr-nova/Dclabs_wip/Failure_Analysis/5113_601-627.pdf/Appendix-11/ 18/8/2008 4:50PM Plate # 0 pg 610
C
0.43
900
800
Ac
3
Ac
1
700
600
°C
500
400
300
M
M
s
B
F
P
10%
50%
90%
Start
Finish
A
200
100
0
mm 0.1
Bar
diameter
521102050
10 20 50
1002005001000
Cooling rate at 700 °C
°C per min
100 150
150
200
200
300
300
500
500
mm Oil
mm Water
Hardness after
transformation
60
50
HRC
40
30
20
10
800
700
500
600
400
HV
300
200
100
As cooled
T 550 °C 1 h
T 620 °C 1 h
T 650 °C 1 h
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
5
10
10
20
20
50
50
100
100
200 500 1000 2000 mm
Air
0.24 1.35 0.025 0.025 0.45 0.20 0.75
Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni AI Nb V
Fig. A11.10 1
1
/
2
Mn Ni Cr Mo, analysis wt%, austenitized at 850
C, previous treatment rolled and softened 650
C1h
Appendix 11: Continuous Cooling Diagrams of Selected Steels / 611
Name ///sr-nova/Dclabs_wip/Failure_Analysis/5113_601-627.pdf/Appendix-11/ 18/8/2008 4:50PM Plate # 0 pg 611
C
0.40
900
800
Ac
3
Ac
1
700
600
°C
500
400
300
M
M
s
B
F
P
10%
50%
90%
Start
Finish
A
200
100
0
mm 0.1
Bar
diameter
521102050
10 20 50
1002005001000
Cooling rate at 800 °C
°C per min
100
150
150
200
200
300
300
500
500
mm Oil
mm Water
Hardness after
transformation
60
50
HRC
40
30
20
10
800
700
500
600
400
HV
300
200
100
As cooled
Hardenability band
NF A-35 41S7
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
5
10
10
20
20
50
50
100
100
200 500 1000 2000 mm
Air
1.75 0.85 0.030 0.030
Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Al Nb V
Fig. A11.11 1
3
/
4
Si Mn, analysis wt%, austenitized at 910
C, previous treatment rolled
612 / Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Name ///sr-nova/Dclabs_wip/Failure_Analysis/5113_601-627.pdf/Appendix-11/ 18/8/2008 4:51PM Plate # 0 pg 612
C
0.45
900
800
Ac
3
700
600
°C
500
400
300
M
M
s
10%
50%
B
P
Start
Finish
AC+
200
100
0
mm 0.1
Bar
diameter
521102050
10 20 50
1002005001000
Cooling rate at 800 °C
°C per min
100 150
150
200
200
300
300
500
500
mm Oil
mm Water
Hardness after
transformation
60
50
HRC
40
30
20
10
800
700
500
600
400
HV
300
200
100
As cooled
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
5
10
10
20
20
50
50
100
100
200 500 1000 2000 mm
Air
3.40 0.60 0.015 0.010 8.50
Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Al Nb V
Fig. A11.12 3
1
/
2
Si Cr, analysis wt%, austenitized at 1050
C, previous treatment rolled and softened 650
C1h
Appendix 11: Continuous Cooling Diagrams of Selected Steels / 613
Name ///sr-nova/Dclabs_wip/Failure_Analysis/5113_601-627.pdf/Appendix-11/ 18/8/2008 4:51PM Plate # 0 pg 613
C
0.60
900
800
Ac
3
Ac
1
700
600
°C
500
400
300
M
M
s
10%
50%
90%
B
P
Start
Finish
A
200
100
0
mm 0.1
Bar
diameter
521102050
10 20 50
1002005001000
Cooling rate at 800 °C
°C per min
100 150
150
200
200
300
300
500
500
mm Oil
mm Water
Hardness after
transformation
60
50
HRC
40
30
20
10
800
700
500
600
400
HV
300
200
100
As cooled
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
5
10
10
20
20
50
50
100
100
200 500 1000 2000 mm
Air
1.90 0.85 0.0250.025 0.30 0.25
Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Al Nb V
Fig. A11.13 2 Si Cr Mo, analysis wt%, austenitized at 910
C, previous treatment rolled
614 / Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Name ///sr-nova/Dclabs_wip/Failure_Analysis/5113_601-627.pdf/Appendix-11/ 18/8/2008 4:51PM Plate # 0 pg 614