Canale L.C.F., Mesquita R.A., Totten G.E. Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
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Fig. A10.7 Chromium-molybdenum steels, 4140. Source: Ref 1
594 / Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
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Fig. A10.8 Ni-Cr-Mo steels, 4340. Source: Ref 1
Appendix 10: Isothermal Diagrams of Selected Steels / 595
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Fig. A10.9 Nickel-molybdenum steels, 4640. Source: Ref 1
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Fig. A10.10 Chromium steels, 5160. Source: Ref 1
Appendix 10: Isothermal Diagrams of Selected Steels / 597
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Fig. A10.11 Nickel-chromium-molybdenum steels, 8620. Source: Ref 1
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Fig. A10.12 Chromium steels, 52100. Source: Ref 1
Appendix 10: Isothermal Diagrams of Selected Steels / 599
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APPENDIX 11
Continuous Cooling Diagrams of
Selected Steels
Selected continuous cooling transformation
diagrams for:
Carbon steels with nominal carbon contents
of 0.8, 0.44, 0.86, 0.96 wt% C
Mn steels (
1
3
/
4
M, 1
1
/
2
Mn)
Mn-Mo, Mn-Ce, Mn-Ni-Mo, and Mn-Ni-Cr-
Mo steels
Silicon steels (Si-Mn, Si-Cr, Si-Cr-Mo)
1
/
4
Mo steel
Nickel steels (
3
1
/
2
Ni, 1
1
/
2
Ni-Mn, 1
3
/
4
Ni-Mo,
1
1
/
4
NiCr)
Ni-Cr-Mo steels (
1
/
2
Ni-Cr-Mo, 1
1
/
2
Ni-Cr-
Mo,
3
1
/
2
Ni-Cr-Mo)
Chromium steels (
1
/
2
Cr, 1Cr, 1
1
/
4
Cr-Mo,
1Cr-V,
1
1
/
2
Cr-Al-Mo)
REFERENCE
1. From Atlas of Continuous Cooling Trans-
formation Diagrams for Engineering Steels,
American Society for Metals, 1977
Name ///sr-nova/Dclabs_wip/Failure_Analysis/5113_601-627.pdf/Appendix-11/ 18/8/2008 4:47PM Plate # 0 pg 601
Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
L.C.F. Canale, R.A. Mesquita, and G.E. Totten, editors, p 601-627
DOI: 10.1361/faht2008p601
Copyright © 2008 ASM International®
All rights reserved.
www.asminternational.org
C
0.18
900
800
Ac
3
Ac
1
700
600
500
400
300
M
B
P
Start
Finish
10%
50%
90%
F
A
200
100
0
mm 0.1
Bar
diameter
521102050
10 20 50
1002005001000
Cooling rate at 800 °C
°C per min
100 150
150
200
200
300
300
500
500
mm Oil
mm Water
Hardness after
transformation
60
50
HRC
40
30
20
10
800
700
500
600
400
HV
300
200
100
As cooled
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
5
10
10
20
20
50
50
100
100
200 500 1000 2000 mm
Air
0.20 0.45 0.020 0.020
Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Al Nb V
°C
Fig. A11.1 0.18 C (1017– 1022), analysis wt%, austenitized at 900
C, previous treatment rolled
602 / Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Name ///sr-nova/Dclabs_wip/Failure_Analysis/5113_601-627.pdf/Appendix-11/ 18/8/2008 4:48PM Plate # 0 pg 602
C
0.44
900
800
Ac
3
Ac
1
M
s
700
600
500
400
300
M
B
P
Start
Finish
10%
50%
90%
F
A
200
100
0
mm 0.1
Bar
diameter
521102050
10 20 50
1002005001000
Cooling rate at 700 °C
°C per min
100 150
150
200
200
300
300
500
500
mm Oil
mm Water
Hardness after
transformation
60
50
HRC
40
30
20
10
800
Hardenability band
BS 970 080H46
700
500
600
400
HV
300
200
100
As cooled
T 500 °C 1 h
T 550 °C 1 h
T 600 °C 1 h
T 650 °C 1 h
T 700 °C 1 h
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
5
10
10
20
20
50
50
100
100
200 500 1000 2000 mm
Air
0.28 0.81 0.035 0.037 0.14 0.04 0.15 0.12 0.016
Si Mn P S Cr
Mo Ni Al Nb V Cu Sn
°C
Fig. A11.2 0.44 C (1039–1046), analysis wt%, austenitized at 850
C, previous treatment rolled
Appendix 11: Continuous Cooling Diagrams of Selected Steels / 603
Name ///sr-nova/Dclabs_wip/Failure_Analysis/5113_601-627.pdf/Appendix-11/ 18/8/2008 4:48PM Plate # 0 pg 603
C
0.86
900
800
Ac
1a
Ac
1b
700
600
°C
500
400
300
M
M
s
10%
50%
90%
B
10% 50% 90%
P
Start
Finish
AC
+
200
100
0
mm 0.1
Bar
diameter
521102050
10 20 50
1002005001000
Cooling rate at 700 °C
°C per min
100 150
150
200
200
300
300
500
500
mm Oil
mm Water
Hardness after
transformation
60
50
HRC
40
30
20
10
800
700
500
600
400
HV
300
200
100
As cooled
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
5
10
10
20
20
50
50
100
100
200 500 1000 2000 mm
Air
0.20 0.60 0.020 0.020
Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Al Nb V
Fig. A11.3 0.86 C (1080– 1090), analysis wt%, austenitized at 820
C, previous treatment rolled
604 / Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
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