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ɞɟɧɢɸ ɢɦɟɧɧɨɣɫɬɚɪɵɟɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɥɢɫɶɧɨ

ɜɵɦɢɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɦɢɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɦɢ

ɍɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩ

ɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨ

ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ

ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɚɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɥɚɫɶɫɢɦɟɧɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢ

ɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɯ wisan ɛɵɬɶ ɢ wair࡛an ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ

ɫɹ ɋɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɚɬɚɤɠɟ ɭ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ

ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɬɨɱɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɟ

ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ ȼ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɨɣ

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɫɢɥɶɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɚɝɨɬɫɤɢɯɢɦɟɧɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɭɩɨɬ

ɪɟɛɥɹɥɚɫɶɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɟɫɥɢɩɟɪɟɞɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɧɟɛɵɥɨ

ɚɪɬɢɤɥɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹ sa, ࡛ata, so. ɋɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ

ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ

ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɋɥɚɛɚɹɮɨɪɦɚɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɥɚɫɶɜɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɨ

ɫɥɟɚɪɬɢɤɥɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɚ࡛o. ɋɥɚɛɚɹɮɨɪɦɚɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɥɚɫɶ

ɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɢɜɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɚɪ

ɬɢɤɥɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɫɥɨɜɨɦsa.

ɉɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɫɥɚɛɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɢɱɟɦ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɬ

ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɧ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɧɚ -n- ɫɦ

ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ

ɋɬɟɩɟɧɢɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɝɨɬɫɤɢɯɢɦɟɧɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɨɛɪɚɡɨ

ɜɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ

ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɜ

ɧɭɥɟɜɚɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ

-iza- / -ǀza- -ista- / -ǀsta-

ɝɨɬhauhs ± hauhiza - hauhists

ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɭɩɩɥɟɬɢɜɧɨɟ

ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɬɟɨɬɪɚɡɧɵɯɤɨɪɧɟɣ

ɝɨɬleitils ± minniza ± minnists.

ȼɝɨɬɫɤɨɦɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɫɶɢɩɟɪɟɠɢɬɤɢ ɜɟɫɶɦɚɞɪɟɜɧɢɯɢɧ

ɞɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɦ *-m- ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ

ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɛɥɢɡɤɨɟɤɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ

ɝɨɬfruma ɩɟɪɜɵɣ, auhumaɛɨɥɟɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɣaftuma ɩɨ

ɫɥɟɞɧɢɣɢɡɞɜɭɯ, iftumaɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ

ɉɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɭ

ɬɺɦɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚ-ista- ɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɚ-m-:

ɝɨɬ auhumists ɫɚɦɵɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ, spedimista ɫɚɦɚɹ ɩɨ

ɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ.

ɉɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɫ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɦ -nd- ɜ ɝɨɬɫɤɨɦ ɫɤɥɨɧɹ

ɥɨɫɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɫɥɚɛɨɦɭɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɸɤɪɨɦɟɢɦɩɟɞɱɦɪ

ɉɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟɜɬɨɪɨɟɚ ɬɚɤɠɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɜɩɨ

ɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɢɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɦɨɝɥɢɢɦɟɬɶɤɚɤɫɢɥɶ

ɧɭɸɬɚɤɢɫɥɚɛɭɸɮɨɪɦɭɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ

ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɝɨɬɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ

ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡ

ɜɪɚɬɧɵɟɩɪɢɬɹɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɜɨ

ɩɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ

ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ

Ʌɢɱɧɵɟɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹ-ɝɨɢ-ɝɨɥɢɰɚɢɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɟɦɟɫɬɨ

ɢɦɟɧɢɟɜɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɵɨɬɞɪɭɝɢɯ

ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɣɬɚɤɤɚɤ

x ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹ-ɝɨɢ-ɝɨɥɢɰɚɧɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɩɨɪɨɞɚɦ

x ɥɢɱɧɵɟɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹ-ɝɨɢ-ɝɨɥɢɰɚɢɦɟɸɬɨɫɨɛɨɟɫɤɥɨ

ɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɚɞɟɠɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɭɩɩɥɟɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ

ɮɨɪɦ

x ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɯ

ɩɚɞɟɠɟɣɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɚɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɟɩɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɫɨ

ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟɦɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɣ-ɝɨɢ-ɝɨɥɢɰɚ

x ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹ -ɝɨ ɢ -ɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ

ɞɜɨɢɱɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɚɫɦɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ

Ƚɥɚɝɨɥ

ȼɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɝɨɬɫɤɨɝɨɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹɞɜɟɝɪɭɩɩɵɮɨɪɦ

ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣɥɢɱɧɵɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɟɮɨɪɦɵɢɢɦɟɧɧɵɟɮɨɪɦɵɝɥɚ

ɝɨɥɚɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɢɞɜɚɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɥɢɱɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɮɨɪɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟ

ɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦɢ

x ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɥɢɰɚ-ɟ-ɟɢ-ɟɥɢɰɨ

x ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɱɢɫɥɚ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɢ ɞɜɨɣɫɬ

ɜɟɧɧɨɟ

x ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɢɬ ɬɟ ɩɪɨɲɟɞ

ɲɟɟ

x ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɧɚɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɢɜɨɩɬɚɬɢɜɢɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜ

x ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɡɚɥɨɝɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɥɨɝ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɨɩɚɫɫɢɜ

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɢɦɟɥɥɢɲɶɨɞɧɭɮɨɪɦɭɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɩɟɪɟ

ɞɚɜɚɥɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɨɬɬɟɧɤɢɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ

x ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɜɢɞɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɫɥɨɜɨ

ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɝɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ

ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɜɟɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

± ɧɟɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɨ  ɫɜɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ

ɤɨɪɧɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ

x ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ± ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɫɬɢɜɝɨɬɫɤɨɦɝɥɚ

ɝɨɥɵ ɫ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡ ɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ

ɜɟɥɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟɤɚɤ ɢɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɜɲɢɟ ɜɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ

ɩɚɞɟɠɨɦɫɦɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ

Ʉɢɦɟɧɧɵɦɮɨɪɦɚɦɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɥɫɹɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɢɞɜɚ

ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɂɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɥ ɧɢ ɜɢɞɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɢ ɡɚɥɨ

ɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɉɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɝɟɪ

ɦɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɦɹ ɱɟɦɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹ

ɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ

ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ

ɉɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɝɨɬɫɤɨɦ ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ

ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɥɸɛɨɝɨɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ -nd- ɉɪɢ

ɱɚɫɬɢɟɜɬɨɪɨɟɨɬɫɢɥɶɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɢɦɟɥɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ-ɚn-ɚ

ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɬ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ± ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ -ଵ- ɉɪɢ

ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɟ

ɝɨɬɫɤɢɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ  ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ

ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ qiman, usgaggan, garinnan, wair࡛an,

frawair࡛an, galeikan, diwan.

ɉɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɪɨɞɚɦ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɚɦ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɤɥɨ

ɧɹɥɢɫɶɤɚɤɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɢɦɛɵɥɢɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ

ɡɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟɜɢɞɨɜɵɟɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɉɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟɩɟɪɜɨɟ

ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɢɜ

ɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɥɨɜɵɪɚɠɚɥɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɥɢɲɶ

ɭ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨ

ɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɢɝɪɚɥɢ

ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɢɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬ

Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɱɟɪɬɨɣɝɨɬɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɪɨɞɧɢɬɟɝɨ

ɫ ɫɟɜɟɪɨɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟ

ɫɤɢɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɜɦɟɫɬɨɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɋɪ.: ɝɨɬ. standan, ganga, ɞɢɫɥ. standa, ganga.

ɞɜɧstan, gan, tuon.

Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɬɢɩɵɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɜɝɨɬɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɤɚɤɢ

ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ

ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ

ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ

x ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ

x ɫɥɚɛɵɟ

x ɩɪɟɬɟɪɢɬɨ-ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɧɵɟ

x ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ

Ɉɛɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ

ɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɢɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɧɹ ɩɨ

ɚɛɥɚɭɬɭɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɫɭɮ

ɮɢɤɫɚ-n-.

ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɫɢɥɶɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ

ɨɬ ɧɟɫɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɝɚ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨɜɤɨɪɧɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɮɨɪɦɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ

ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜ ± ɩɪɨɲɜɪɟɞɱ± ɩɪɨɲɜɪɦɧɱ± ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ

ɜɬɨɪɨɟ

ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɹɬɶ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɝɨɬɫɤɢɣ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɚɛɥɚɭɬɚ Ɵ ± ă ± ɧɭɥɶ

ɝɨɬɫɤɨɟi ± ă ± ɧɭɥɶ:

Iɝɥɚɫɜɤɨɪɧɟɧɟɫɥɨɝi: reisan ± rais ± risum ± risans ɜɫɬɚ

ɜɚɬɶ

II ɝɥɚɫ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟ  ɧɟɫɥɨɝ u: kiusan ± kaus ± kusum ± kusans

ɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶ

III ɝɥɚɫ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟ  ɫɨɧɨɪ + ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ: bindan ± band ±

bundum ± bundans (ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ);

IV. ɝɥɚɫ. ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟ + ɫɨɧɨɪ.: niman ± nam ± QƝPXP ± numans

(ɛɪɚɬɶ);

Vɝɥɚɫɜɤɨɪɧɟɲɭɦɧɵɣɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣqithan ± qath ± qƝthum

± qithans ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ

ɒɟɫɬɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɨɬɫɤɢɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ

ɞɪɭɝɨɣɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɭɥɟɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɚɛɥɚɭɬɚ

ă ± ǀ:

VI. faran ± IǀU± IǀUXP± farans (ɟɯɚɬɶ).

Ɉɫɨɛɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ

ɝɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡ ɪɟɞɭɩɥɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ

ɫɟɞɶɦɨɝɨɤɥɚɫɫɚɛɟɡɢɥɢɫɚɛɥɚɭɬɨɦɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɮɨɪɦɵɝɥɚ

ɝɨɥɨɜ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɪɟɞɭɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɭɞɜɨɟ

ɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɧɹ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ

ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ai [ȑ@ ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɱɟɬɚ

ɧɢɹɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯsk, st:

VII Ɋɟɞɭɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɝɚ  ɝɥɚɫ ai [ȑ] haitan ±

haihait ± haihaitum ± haitans ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ȿɫɥɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥ ɧɚɱɢ

ɧɚɥɫɹɫɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ± ɤ ɤɨɪɧɸɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɥɨɫɶɩɪɨɫɬɨ>ȑ] ɫɦɉɪɢ

ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ.

ȼɞɪɭɝɢɯɡɚɩɚɞɧɨ- ɢɫɟɜɟɪɨɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɵVII

ɤɥɚɫɫɚɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɢɫɶɨɞɢɧɚɤoɜɨɣɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɤɨɣɜɧɚɫɬɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢ

ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ

ɋɪ.: ɞɚ. feallan ± feoll ± feollon ±feallen (ɩɚɞɚɬɶ),

ɞɜɧ. loufen ± liof ± liofum ± giloufan (ɛɟɠɚɬɶ).

Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ

ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɮɨɪɦɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢ

ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚ -ଵ-

ɢɥɢ -ÿ-.

ɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɞɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚɧɟɹɫɧɨȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ

ɨɬ ɫɭɮɮɢɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɝɟɪɦ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚdǀn ɢ-ɟ dhƝ- /

dhǀ-ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɯɹɡɵ

ɤɚɯɪɭɧdedun ɞɫdƗdun

ɞɜɧtƗtum (ɞɟɥɚɥɢ). Ⱥ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫ -t-

ɢɥɢ -ଵ- ɜ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɝɨɬɫɤɢɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɜɨɡɜɨ

ɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɢ-ɟ-tɨ- ɫɪ ɥɚɬ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ delƝtus - ɪɚɡɪɭ

ɲɟɧɧɵɣ).

ɉɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ

ɤɥɚɫɫɚɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɫɦɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ:

-ja- -ǀ- -ai- -na- / -no-

ɝɨɬnasjan

ɫɩɚɫɚɬɶ

ɞɚ deman ɫɭ

ɞɢɬɶ

ɞɜɧ frummen

ɞɟɥɚɬɶ

ɝɨɬ.fiscǀn

ɞɚ.maician

ɞɜɧ.mahhon

ɝɨɬ.haban -

habaida

ɞɚ.habban -

KIGH

ɞɜɧhaben -

habeta

ɝɨɬfullnan -

fullnoda

Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɝɨɬ ɢ ɞɫɤ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɜ ɝɨɬ ±

ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɧɚ -na- ɧɟɩɟɪɟ

ɯɨɞɧɵɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɦɟɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

ɝɨɬfullnanɞɢɫɥfullna.

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚɱɬɟɧɢɹɜɝɨɬɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ

Ƚɥɚɫɧɵɟ

Ȼɭɤɜɚɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɚɤɚɤɤɪɚɬɤɢɣɬɚɤɢɞɨɥɝɢɣɝɥɚɫɧɵɣɇɨ

ɞɨɥɝɨɟ Ɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɝɨɬɫɤɨɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ

ɩɟɪɟɞh:

ɝɨɬ࡛ahta ɞɭɦɚɥ, fahan ɥɨɜɢɬɶɯɜɚɬɚɬɶ.

Ȼɭɤɜɚi ɜɫɟɝɞɚɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɥɚɫɶɤɪɚɬɤɨ:

ɝɨɬfisks ɪɵɛɚ, kuni ɪɨɞ

Ȼɭɤɜɚu ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɚɤɚɤɤɪɚɬɤɢɣɬɚɤɢɞɨɥɝɢɣɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ

ɋɪɝɨɬjuk ɹɪɦɨ, sunu ɫɵɧɚ± ɜɢɧɩɟɞɱɢɝɨɬ ࡛ǌhta

ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, hǌs ɞɨɦ

Ȼɭɤɜɵe ɢ o ɜɫɟɝɞɚɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɢɞɨɥɝɢɟɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ

ɝɨɬjer ɝɨɞ, nemun ɜɡɹɥɢ, for ɟɯɚɥ, ogan ɛɨɹɬɶɫɹ

Ⱦɢɝɪɚɮ ei ɞɢɝɪɚɮ ɜɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɮɨ

ɝɪɚɮɢɢɜɫɟɝɞɚɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɞɨɥɝɢɣɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ>i:]:

ɝɨɬeisarn ɠɟɥɟɡɨseine ɫɜɨɣal࡛eis ɫɬɚɪɵɣ.

Ⱦɢɝɪɚɮai ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɥɫɹɤɚɤ [੻@ɚɞɢɝɪɚɮ au ɤɚɤ>୆@ɩɟɪɟɞ

ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɦɢr, h, ڝ:

ɝɨɬhairto ɫɟɪɞɰɟ, saiσan ɜɟɞɟɬɶ, sauhts ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ.

Ⱦɢɝɪɚɮ ai ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɥɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɧɨɮɬɨɧɝ >੻@ ɜ ɪɟɞɭɩɥɢɰɢ

ɪɭɸɳɟɦɫɥɨɝɟɫɢɥɶɧɵɯɝɨɬɫɤɢɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ