Bradbury Jim. The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare
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778 *Roncesvalles; #Zaragoza [2]
782 Verden slaughter *Süntel Mountains [2]
786 Haroun al-Rashid
795 Charlemagne defeats the
Avars
800 Charlemagne crowned HRE
*Barcelona [2]; Godfred king Denmark [3]
808 Danewirk built Krum khagan [7]
811 *Tortosa [2]
813 Leo V Byz. [7]
814 d.Charlemagne Louis the Pious HRE
[2]
834 #Dorestad [7]
841 *Fontenoy [7]
843 Charles the Bald king [7]
852 #Jeufosse [3]
858 #Oissel [3]
860 Rus attack Constantinople
[7]
865 Rus attack Constantinople
[7]
867 Basil I Byz. [7]
870 Harold Finehair king Norway [3]
871 *Ashdown; Alfred the Great king Wessex [4]
876 *Andernach [2]
878 Athelney; *Edington [4]
Peace of Wedmore
885 #Paris [3]
886 Leo VI Byz. [7]
891 *Dyle [3]
893 First Bulgar empire
900 *Hafrsfjord [3]
911 Treaty of St-Clair-sur-Epte Conrad I HRE [6]
912 Abd er Rahman caliph [11]
919 Henry the Fowler HRE [6]
The routledge companion to medieval warfare 372
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924 Aethelstan king Eng. [4]
927 Symeon khan [7]
932 #Toledo [11]
933 *Riade [6]
936 Louis IV king Fr. Otto I HRE [6]
937 *Brunanburh [4]
955 *Lechfeld [6]
958 Harold Bluetooth king Denmark [3]
968 Fatimids invade
Egypt
973 Otto II HRE [6],
Date
Western Europe
Central and eastern Europe
Elsewhere
974 *Hals [3]
976 Basil II Byz. [7]
978 Aethelred II king Eng.[4]
980 *Tara [3]
983 Otto III HRE [6]
987 Hugh Capet king Fr. [9]
989 Sigtrygg Silkbeard king Dublin [3]
991 *Maldon [4]
992 *Conquereux [2]
993 Otto III crowned Emperor [6]
1000 Stephen king Hungary [6]
1014 *Clontarf [3]
1016 *Ashdown [4]
Cnut king Eng. [4]
1024 Conrad II HRE [6]
1025 St Ólaf king Norway [3]
1026 *Holy River [3]
1030 *Stiklestad [3]
1031 Henry I king Fr. [9]
1035 William II duke Normandy [5]
Aids to study 373
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Magnús the Good king Norway [3]
1038 George Maniakes invades Italy [7]
1040 Macbeth king Scots
1042 Edward the Confessor king Eng.
1045 Harold Hardrada king Norway [3]
1053 *Civitate [5]
1056 Henry IV HRE [6]
1060 Philip I king Fr. [9]
1061 Normans invade Sicily
1063 Alp Arslan sultan [7]
1066 *Stamford Bridge [5]
*Hastings [5]
1071 *Cassel [9] *Manzikert [7] Seljuks over Anatolia
1072 Alfonso VI king León [11]
1075 Seljuks take Jerusalem
1077 Meeting at Canossa
1080 *Flarcheim [6] *Durazzo [5]
Alexius I Comnenus Byz. [7]
1086 *Zalaka [11] Kilij Arslan sultan [8]
1087 William Rufus king Eng. [5]
1094 El Cid takes Valencia [11]
1096 First Crusade
1097 #Huesca [11] #Antioch [8]
Date
Western Europe
Central and eastern Europe
Elsewhere
1099 #Jerusalem *Ascalon [8]
1100 Henry I king Eng. [5]
1106 *Tinchebrai [5]
1108 Louis VI king Fr. [9]
1109 Alfonso I king Aragón [11]
1111 Henry V HRE [6]
1119 *Brémule [5]
1127 Charles the Good killed
The routledge companion to medieval warfare 374
1130 Roger II king Sicily [5]
1135 Stephen king Eng. [5]
1137 Louis VII king Fr. [9] Conrad III HRE [6]
1138 *Standard [5]
1141 *Lincoln [5]
1143 Manuel I Byz. [7]
1144 #Edessa [8]
1147 Second Crusade
1148 #Damascus [8]
1152 Frederick Barbarossa HRE [6]
1154 Henry II king Eng. [10]
1155 Barbarossa crowned HRE [6]
1165 William the Lion king Scots [10]
1166 Alfonso VI king Castile
[11]
1169 Strongbow to Ireland [10]
1170 d.Becket
1175 Saladin rules Egypt and
Syria
1176 *Legnano [6]
1180 Philip Augustus king Fr. [9]
1187 *Hattin #Jerusalem [8]
1189 Richard the Lionheart king Eng. [10]
1190 Third Crusade
1191 #Acre *Arsuf [8]
1196 *Alarcos [11]
1197 Otto IV HRE [6]
1199 John king Eng. [10]
1202 #Zara, Fourth Crusade [8]
1203 #Château-Gaillard [9]
1204 #Constantinople [8]
Baldwin I Byz. [7]
Emergence Genghis Khan
1208 Albigensian Crusade Otto IV HRE [6]
1212 *Las Navas de Tolosa [11]
Aids to study 375
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1213 *Muret [9]
1214 *Bouvines [9]
1215 Magna Carta Frederick II HRE [6]
Date
Western Europe
Central and eastern Europe
Elsewhere
1217 *Lincoln *Sandwich
[10]
Jaime I king Aragón
[11]
Fifth Crusade
1224 #Bedford [10]
1226 St Louis king Fr. [9]
1227 d.Genghis Khan
1228 Frederick II’s Crusade
1229 Jaime I invades
Mallorca
1232 Jaime I attacks Valencia
[11]
1236 #Córdoba [11] Mongols attack Hungary
1237 *Cortenuova [6]
“1241 *Leignitz [6]
Mongols to Vienna
1242 *Taillebourg [9] *Lake Peipus [6]
1243 #Jerusalem
1244 Montségur [9] *La Forbie [8]
Fall of Jerusalem
1247 Alexander Nevsky prince of
Kiev [6]
1248 St Louis’ Crusade
1250 *Mansurah [8]
1258 Treaties of Corbeil and
Paris
Mongols take Baghdad
1260 * Ayn Jalut [8]
1261 Michael VIII enters
Constantinople [7]
Emergence of Kublai Khān
1263 *Largs [10]
The routledge companion to medieval warfare 376
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1264 *Lewes [10]
1265 *Evesham [10]
1266 Charles of Anjou takes Sicily [12]
*Benevento [12]
1268 *Tagliacozzo [12]
1270 St Louis’ Tunis Crusade
1271 d. St Louis [9]
1272 Edward I king Eng. [10] Marco Polo goes east
1273 Rudolf I HRE [6]
1279 Qalawun sultan [8]
1280 Othman sultan [7]
1282 Sicilian Vespers [12]
1285 Philip IV king Fr. [9]
1290 al-Ashraf sultan [8]
1291 Fall of Acre [8]
1296 *Dunbar [10]
1297 *Stirling [10]
1298 *Falkirk [10]
Date
Western Europe
Central and eastern Europe
Elsewhere
1302 *Courtrai [9]
1304 *Mons-en-Pévèle [9]
1306 *Methven [10]
1308 Henry VII HRE [6]
1314 *Bannockburn [10]
1315 *Morgarten [6]
1322 *Boroughbridge [10]
1324 Orhan sultan [7]
1327 Edward III king Eng. [10]
1328 Philip VI king Fr. [9]
*Cassel [9]
1333 *Halidon Hill [10]
1336 Stephen Dušan king Serbia [7]
Aids to study 377
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1337 Opening of Hundred Years’ War
1340 *Sluys [9] *Salado [11]
1346 *Neville’s Cross [10]
*Crécy [9]
Charles IV HRE [6]
1347 #Calais [9]
Black Death through Europe
1356 ‘Poitiers [9]
1358 Jacquerie [9]
1359 Murad I sultan [7]
1360 Treaty of Brétigny
1364 Charles V king Fr. [9]
1366 Enrique de Trastámara king Castile [11]
1367 *Nájera [11]
1369 Tamberlane khan [7]
1370 #Limoges [9]
1371 *Maritsa [6]
1372 *La Rochelle [9]
1376 War of the Eight Saints [12] Wenceslas IV HRE [6]
1378 Gian Galeazzo Visconti over Milan [12]
1380 Charles VI king Fr. [9] *Chioggia [12]
1381 peasants’ Revolt [10]
1382 *Roosebeke [9]
1385 *Aljubarrota [11]
1386 Louis of Anjou king Naples [12] * Sempach [6]
1387 *Radcot Bridge [10]
1388 *Otterburn [10]
1389 *Kosovo [7] Bayezit I sultan [7]
1391 Manuel II Byz. [7]
1396 *Nicopolis [7]
1399 Henry IV king Eng. [10]
Date
Western Europe
Central and eastern Europe
Elsewhere
1402 *Homildon Hill [10] *Ankara [7]
The routledge companion to medieval warfare 378
1403 *Shrewsbury [10]
1407 Murder of Louis of Orléans
1408 *Bramham Moor [10]
1410 Sigismund HRE *Tannenberg [6]
1412 Filippo Maria Visconti over Milan [12]
1413 Henry V king Eng. [10]
1415 *Agincourt [9]
1419 Opening of Hussite Wars
1420 Treaty of Troyes
1421 *Baugé [9] Murad II sultan [7]
1422 Henry VI king Eng. [10]
1423 *Cravant [9]
1429 Orléans relieved [9]
1431 d.Joan of Arc [9]
1434 Cosimo Medici over Florence [12]
1435 Treaty of Arras
1438 Albert II of Habsburg HRE
1440 Frederick III HRE [6]
1442 Alfonso I of Aragón king Naples [12] #Rhodes [8]
1444 *Varna [8]
1448 *2nd Kosovo [7]
1450 Cade’s Rebellion [10]
*Formigny [9]
Francesco Sforza over Milan [12]
1451 Mehmet II sultan [7]
1453 *Castillon [9] Fall of Constantinople [7]
1455 *1st St Albans [10]
1460 *Wakefield [10] Ottomans over
Peloponnese
1461 *2nd St Albans *Towton
[10]
Louis XI king Fr. [9]
1465 *Montlhéry [9]
1469 Lorenzo the Magnificent over Florence [12]
Aids to study 379
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1 Gallic warrior fleeing, temple frieze, terracotta, 2nd century BC Celtic, from Civitalba,
Italy
2 Carolingian sieges
3 The death of St Ólaf at the Battle of Stiklestad, Flateyjarbok
4 The English shield wall on the Bayeux Tapestry
5 Coronation of King Roger II, Palermo, Church of the Martorana
6 The Battle of Morat, 1476, from Diebold Schilling’s
Chronicle
7 Gentile Bellini,
Sultan Mehmet II,
1480
8
St Louis at Damietta
9 Joan of Arc directing operations
10 A soldier’s skull from the Battle of Towton, 1461
11 11th-century ivory carving from Cuenca (Spain) of a mounted warrior and an archer
with a shortbow
12 Statue of Bartolomeo Colleoni, Venice, by Verrocchio
13 A crossbow with a steel bow
14 A complete suit of late medieval plate armour
15 Jean Courtois, Sicily Herald for the King of Aragón, c.1420
16 14th-century Flemish infantry on the Courtrai Chest
1471 *Barnet *Tewkesbury [10]
1474 Ferdinand and Isabella over Castile [11]
1476 *Grandson *Morat [6]
1477 *Nancy [6]
1479 *Guinegate
1480 #Rhodes [8]
1481 Bayezit II sultan [7]
1485 *Bosworth [10] Henry VII king Eng.
1486 Maximilian I HRE [6]
1487 *Stoke [10]
Date
Western Europe
Central and eastern Europe
Elsewhere
1492 Taking of Granada [11] Voy age of Columbus
1494 Charles VIII invades Italy [12]
Ludovico il Moro over Milan [12]
The routledge companion to medieval warfare 380
17 Krak des Chevaliers seen from the north-west of the castle
18 A cog, Luttrel Psalter
19 Templar knights leaving a crusader fortification in the Holy Land
PERMISSIONS AND CREDITS
M
aps 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 have been reproduced from
Atlas of Medieval Europe,
e
dited by Angus Mackay and David Ditchburn, Routledge, 1997.
Map 4 has been redrawn from an original in Nicholas Hooper and Matthew Bennett
,
C
ambridge Illustrated Atlas, Warfare, the Middle Ages,
Cambridge, 1996, CUP, p. 27.
Map 5 has been redrawn from an original in John Julius Norwich,
The Normans in th
e
S
outh,
London, 1967, Longman, p. 335, improved by Elisabeth van Houts trans. & ed.
,
T
he Normans in Europe,
Manchester, 2000, Manchester University Press, p. 300.
Illustrations
1 The Art Archive/Archaeological Museum Ancona Italy/Dagli Orti
2 Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen
3 GKS 1005 fol © Stofnun Arna Magnussonar
4 Copyright Reading Borough Council (Reading Museum Service). All rights reserved
5 © 1990 Photo SCALA, Florence
6 Courtesy of Burgerbibliothek Bern Mss.hist.helv.I.3, s. 757: Die Schlacht bei Murten
7 Oil on canvas. 70×52 cm. National Gallery, London, UK
8 Bibliothèque nationale de France
9 Bibliothèque nationale de France
10 Cranium of Towton 18 courtesy of the Biological Anthropology Research Centre
(BARC), Department of Archaeological Sciences, University of Bradford
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11 Museo Arqueologico, Madrid
12 © Bettmann/CORBIS
13 Jim Bradbury
14 From Norman Vesey,
Arms and Armour,
London, 1964, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, p.
8. Drawn by Russell Robinson
15 © The Bridgeman Art Library
16 © Simmons Aerofilms Ltd
17 © The British Library 1008635 220s
18 The Art Archive/Templar Chapel Cressac/Dagli Orti
Aids to study 381