Бородин И.В. Технология и организация строительства водопроводно-канализационных сооружений
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
'98
fnaae
XI. Eerouuue
u
uceneso6eroHuote
pa6orot
,
9SQexrHBHoe
HcfloJlbgoBaHHe
6erououacoca
B
3uar{HTenbHori
crene-
'HH
3aBHcHT
or
o6ecneqeuuff
HenpepblBHofo
H
paBHoMepHofo
nHTaHHq
ero
'6eroHuori
cMecbto.
3ro
nuraHne
ocyqecrBrqercfl
HerrocpeAcrBeHHo
or
6e-
ToHoMerrraJroK,
ycraHaBnHBaeMbIX
BbIIre
ilpfieMiroro
6yHxepa
6erouosaco-
'ca,
a raK)I(e
npn
ttoMolrtn
caMocBaJIoB,
AocraBJlflIotqux
6erouHyto
cMecb
,c
rreHTpaJrbHoro
6eroHHoro
3aBoAa.
!,.nn
nurrpy3Ku
cMecu
H3
caMocBaJroB
B npneMHuft
6ynxep
6erououacoca
ycrpauBaercfl
scrar'aqa
c
rpoMex(yrotr-
Puc. 14l.
VcraHonxa
6eroHoHacoca
c
ycrpoftcrBaMx
Anfl
rrpr-
eua 6erossoft cnecn H3 caMocBa,rroB
-f
i%"#:r.xl;,?:glxf
f
f
"ou"n.u?tillou"'_";ffi
*,"i;"uT::t'-"'
l
'ublrw
6yrreponr
(puc.
l4l),
xoropufi ffBrlnercff oAHoBpeMeHHo
perynfipy-
rcrqefi
eMKocrbp
A.ns
6erou'Hori
cMecu,.o6ecneuunarcruefi HeflpepbrBuyro
pa-
Soty
6erosonacoca
npn neilnoAnqecroft
noABo3Ke cMecrl aBrocaMocBaJraMg.
flpu
crpouTeJrbcTBe
pagirtarrnbrx
epranufi H coopyxeHufi,
B
ToM
qncJre
xelego6eroHublx
KoJIJIeKTopon,
touueaefi
H
T.
n.,
AJIfl
TpaucnoprHpoBaHnt
SeronHofi
cMecr{ no
tpy6au ttpuMeuffK.)r
cxatutft
Bo3Ayx, uarueraenruri
{IHeBM
aTHqeCKHIvI
H
yCTaHOBKa
MH.
Ha
puc.
142 [pHBeAeHa
cxeMa [HeBMarHIIecKoro
rpaucnoprupoBaHnt
^6etoHgofi
cMecu
npn crpoHTeJlbcrBe
roHHeJIr.
BerosHas cMecb
no 6etoHo-
,BOAy
BarHeraercfl
I,l3
6erououacoca
(pnc.
l43) c>rarblM
Bo3AyxoM,
nocry-
{ratouluM
qep€
pecnBep
or
Kolunpeccopa.
Pacxo,q
Bo3Ayxa
AJIfl
noAaqu I us
6erosrroff
cM€cu
Ha
paccrosHue
i00
,{
cocraBJlser
25-30
u3.
flueeprarurrecKoe
rpaHcnoprupoBaHne 6erouuofi cuecn
HMeer
cneAyrc-
uge
npenMyurecrRa:
npocr{rra
KoHcrpyKIIHH
rpaHcnoprHpytolllnx
yctpoftcrn
fi Maxge
ra6apnTHbre
pa3Mepbr
no
cpaBHeHHIo c nopuHeBbIMH
6eroHonaco-
caMn,
ooopoxHeHue
6e'roHoBoAa
nocJle noAaqI'I
xaxAofi
flopqfiH
6etoua.
qto,
oo.nerqaer
H3MeHeHue
,llJIHHbI
6eroHoeoAa, oco6eggo
B
crecHeHgbrx
yc-
JloBptflx crpollTenbcrBa
roHHe.nefi, BblcoKafl
nfloruocTb
3a[oJIHeHns
6erosou
'aceB
cBoAoBoft
qacrn,
AocrnraeMarr
BcneAcrBne 6onuurnx
cxopocrefi nepe-
t;
iir
ii
iii
ni
lij
lli
$
71.
TpaucnopruposdHue
deronuort
cuecu
199
Meu{eHHs
6eronsofi
cMecr.r
no 6eroHoBoAy
r{,
oco6eHso,
rroJrera
qacruq
6e_
roHHoli
cMecu rrpH
BbrxoAe
H3
6eroHoeoAa.
CyruecrneHHbrM
HeAocTarKoM
raxofi
ycraHoBKH
ffBJrrrercfl
6o.nnruofi pacxoA
c>xaroro
Bo3Ayxa,
oco6esgo
nplr
AaJrbHefi
uo4aue
cMecn.
Puc.
142.
Cxerrla rlHeBMartrr{ecKoro
rpaHcnoprupoBaHHfl
6erousoir
cMec11
EDc
cTpoHTenbcTBe
ToHHeJrfl
/--cexr4ua
rleraJrnaqecxoft
onaa-y6xx;
2,
J.s
4-3BeHbfi
6eronosoAa;
5;-re-J|Iexxa
nJrfl Ec_
pexelqeHrrfl
3BeHbeB B
ToHHeJIe;6-nHesruo6ero'oHacoc;
z-naxaonnr,ifi
tpancnoi,reor^C---
pH3oHra.:rbHhrft
rpaucnoprep;
9
- gcra_KaAa;
I0
-
BaroHerKH
D.nfl
nolac'n--6eiJH"Iii
-
c"uJ,
{ ropll3oHranbHoMy
rpaHcnoprepy;
,;r#;_[?%H?i.Tl(ll""..rb
nepecraHosxu
cexqrfi
rseraa-
Pac.
143.
Cxeua
nHesruo6eroHoHacoca
/,-KoHHrrecKufi
pesepnyap (6ynrep)
Aag
6eroHnofi
cuecn;
?
-
fepMerHrrecKH
3aKpblBaron(arcfl
KpbrruKa;
B
_
xonycHaa
BopoHKa
Anr,npne-Ma
6erossoil
cuecu
c
uaiaonuoro
rpanc-
ncprepa;
4,
5
Lr
6-eaanqeaue
coeAHHeHHsl
7
_
Bo3Ayxo-
npoBoA
AJrri
iloAaqH cxaroro
Bo3Ayxa
H3
pecHBepa;
g
_
6e-
TOHOBOA
T I
)
f.naaa
XL
Beroxnue
u tceneso6eronuue
pa6orot
ycTpaHBaTb
KpbITbIe raJlepeH.
flpu
nepeBo3Ke
6eroHuyto
cMecb
HeoOxoAHMo
oTrpyx(aTb
TaK,
qTo6bl
Mo;11Ho
6ntno
HcrIoJIb3oBaTb
AJIfl
o6orpeBa
oTxoAs-
III.HC
|OPIoqHC
TA3bI
OT,I.BHTATCJIfl
ABTOMO6Kilfl.
S
72.
YKJIAAKA
H
YNJIOTHEHHE
6ETOHHON
CMECH
J4
J
pnc.
144.
S.nerrpouexanrqecxnft
r.ny6uuHuir
nu6parop
c
3,'IeKrpHqecKIIM
.ll.BHrzr€r-l€M
1-
.,g,AKA1
CMa3Ka;
2-XOnUqecxas,
Hacaaral
3- noalrnnrrgx ae6a.lancHoro
Ba.[a:
1-
\e6anauc-
"ur
riiiii
-r
-
xopuj'c
ur6e;;oe4
6#t:H#i"1i31.1"";"Jr;r333HHoBoe
vnJrorlreHlre;
8
-
pe:rtro-
IIeMeHTHoe
Mo.{oKo,
oqHcTLITb
MeTaflfiHr{ecKofl
UerKoIi
HJIH
cKpe6xolt
no-
KpbrTyro
px(aBqHHofI
apMaTypy,
oqucrllrb
onaJIy6Ky
or
px(aBqHHbI, nbIJIH,
rpasu
I,I
Mycopa,
ilpoBepl,lTb
IIpaBHJIbHocTb
pa3MeilIeHHf
apI{aTypbl'
BceX
3aKJraAHbIx
rlacrefi,
a
3areM
npb4yrl
Bo3AyxoM
oT
KoMnpeccopa
lI o6HJIbHo
noJrHrb
BoAoft
.{epeBflHHylo
onaJly6Ky.
floAroronnr
Mecro
H
opraHr.r3oBaB
6ecnepe6ofinYg_
AGcraBKy
6eroH-
Hofi
cMeCH,
npHCTyIIanT
K ee
yI(aaAKe H
yfiJIoTHeHHIo.
yKIaAKa
3aKJItoqa-
ercq
B
pacnpe.(eilelr4|
noAaHHort
cMecfi
no
IIJIoilraLu
6erosupVeuofi
rIacrH
coopyx<eH:?.fl.
UnH
KOHCTpyKT\H\4
Lr B
ilOCJTOfiHOM
ee
ynJIoTHeHHI{.
-
Berougaq
cMecb
np1
yKJraAKe
AoJrxHa
3anoJIHHTb
Bce
npocrpaHcTBo'
BHyrpu
onaJIy6KH H
IIpoMexyTKLI
MexAy orAe"IlbHbIIlIi'I
crepxHflufi
apMaTy-
pri. Heo6xoAur{o
crporo
co6JlloAarb
3aAaHHoe
no
npoeKTy
paccrofHl'Ie
MexAy
cTepx<HflMH
apMaTypbr
KaK
B
rrJraHe,
Ta]K v
no
BbICOTe.
,[,nn
COXpa-
HeHlrt
3TOro
paccToflHr.If noJlb3yroTcrr
{epeBflHFIbIr{l'I
BKiiaAbIIrIaMId,
yAaJIfi-
6r'Lr'r' D nnnrrpcca
6prnrr,nnoRrI{tIq 11 .nq
o6nasogaHI4g
3aIUHTHoro
cJIofl
LlYlDllvru
D
rryv+vvvv
MelKAy
onaly6xofr
u apraaTypofi
3aKJIaAblBaIoT
nJIacTHHKH
HilH
nilnTrtw
kr3
UeMeHTHOTo
pacTBopa.
Panuouepuoe
pacnpeAeJleHue
6eronHot?
cMecH
IIo
Bcefi 6eroHupyenrofi
KoHcrpyKtitrn
npou3BoArlrcff
6eroHilIHKarIIl
npH
noMo-
IIIH
CoBKoBbIx
.tonaT
VJ:H
ixpe6xon,
a
ynJIoTHfleTcfl
oHa
BH6paTopaIuH,
KO-
Topble nu6o
norpy)KaloT
B 6eToHHyIo
cMecb,
JIH61
pa3n'IeqaloT
Ha
ee no-
BepxHocTH.
'
Lns
ynJIOTHeHHq
6eroHHofi
cMec6
c
BBeAeHHeM
en$paropa.
n
cltecb
npHMeHqro;
r,ty6r.rHHbre
HrrLr
BHyrpeHHHe
Ba6paropbl
(puc.
144);
llx
Hc-
$
72.
Urctta1rca
u
gnnorHefluz
6eroxnort
crerecu
201
noJrb3ytoT
npg
6eTOHLrpOBaHkrLr
cTeH,
KOJIOHH'
MaccHBH'bIX
$yU4aIueUrOe
nr.tr.
'Eerossas
cN{ecb
B
MaccHBHbrx
UeapMHpoBaHHbIX
SJIeMeHTaX
COOpyxe-
Hylll
lYlu.?Il.trl
P4oHqDrLttuqtuvtL
tL
--r--
--
-;;;i
id..
i+S),
npeAcraBrlnFoulefi
co6ofi
rrra.nora6apurHblfi
rpaxrop
T-40A
-
Oynoio3epHbrM
oina.nou
AJrrr
pa3p aBHHBaHflfl
6eronnofi
cMecl{
H
paMoll
Pnc.
145.
CarrroxoAHaq
MauHHa
I
-rpaKTop;
2
-orsaa
6YlrqosePa;
Anr
pa3paBttfiBaHl'Ifi
H
yIIJIorHeHns
6erolrnofi
cuecl
3
-
rHApaBnHqecKHe
IlHJIHHAprt;
4
-
palla
Ars
eu6paropos;
5
-
nu6ParoPn
c [aKeToM
H3
qeTbrpex
rJry6r,IHHbIX
BH6paTopoB An51
ynJIOTHeHI4f
cMecu'
"
'
-np;
6.ron"pou
aHVLr
AHHut
H
nepeKpblrufi
c
He6oilbtrofi
ronuruuofi
yn-
JroTgfleMofo
cJIofl
IIpI{MeHflIOT
nOBepxHocTHbIe
BU6paTOpbI'
HHOTAa
Ha3bI-
BaeMbre
naoulaAoqnlrrtln
(puc.
146,
a),
a
npH'6eT
ouupoBaHIlU
gOJIOB
B
npo-
Pnc.
146. floaepxuocr"or"
"ooprropot
a-n.nouraaoqsr,rft;
6-nra6popeevnnrfi;
/-nnoiltaAxal
!-eterctpoaBnrareJlb
c
Ae6a.nascon;
.3*
elrlirroqareit:
4-pyKotrKa;
5-BH6popefiKa
g3BoAcrBeHHbrx
s1a11E.fl,x,
AHH1I
6rnoQn.rrlrpon
V
r.
n.
-
en6popefiru
(puc.
146,6).
I-Ipu
6eronHponaHvr4
rycroapMHpoBaHHblx
ToHKocreHHbIx H
BbIcoKI{x
,..'o..rir*rruflr n rex
e.flvrrAqx- Kofra
BHvrDeHHlIe
BH6DaroDbI
He
Mofvr
6lttr
f
J'^-----
-
- --- ---J
-
HcnoJrb3oBaHbr,
AorrycKaeTcf
ynJIoTHeH[Ie 6erouuofi
cMecH Hapy]KHbIMrr
Bkr6'
paropaMg
(rncxonrtmr.r), npr,rxpenJlfleMblMu
K OrIaJIy6Xe CHapyxl't.
'
Cnoco6
nnyrpeHHero
BH6pr{poBatflfl.
Hatr6o"nee npoHsBoAIrreJIeH,
Aaer
ayqurHe
pe3yJrbTaTbr,
nogToMy
oH
H
AOJI)I{eH
npHMeHfTbCfi
BO
BCeX
Cflyqaflx
nbn
6eronuponaHVH
BoAonpoBoAHo-KaHaJIH3aqHoHHbIx
coopyxeHl'Ift,
rAe
n.norsocrb
6eroHa
He roJrbKo noBbllxaer
npoqHocTb
KoHcrpyKI{I'IH, Ho
I'I o6e-
cneqHBaer
ee
BoAoHeIIpOHLIUaeMOCrb.
BHyrpenHne
BH6paTopbl
He
npHMe-
r4-26
HflIOT
B TeX CJIyqagx, KOfAa
ItX
He"IIbSfl
HCIIOJ'Ib3OBaTb II-3-3a
I{OIICTpyKTiIB-
Hbrx
pa3trepoB,
ToJruIHHbr
6erourzpyer,lori
KoHcTpVI(IIHII II
fycToit ceTKI{
ap-
Marypbr.
flplr
6eroHupoBaH:aH
Heo6xoAH\Io
Ao6LIBarbcff
n;'IorHofl
yKaaAKIt
cl'te-
cH
6e3
KaKr.rx
6u
ro
sn
6u,ro
nycroT
MelKAy crepx{Hr}{I{
apt\{aryptl IIJII'I
Me)r(Ay
apr,rarypoh
u onanyfxoit.
ll"norsas
yKJIaAKa
Aocrnraercfl
TurareJlb-
num
nu6papoBaHlzeM
Ka>KAofi
nopIrHH
cMect.
Bz6paiop Hyx<Ho
nepecraBJrflrb
rFK,
qto6rr
He
ocraBaJlocb Herposlr6-
pupoBaHHbrx
trecr.
PaccroxHHe,
Ha
Koropoe HylKHo [epecraBJlflTb BHyr-
peHr{[e
rr.i6paropbr,
He
AoJrx(Ho
npeBblnlarb
IIoJIyropHoro
paAHyca
ux
4eft-
creus.
IlnorqanoqHbre
ez6paropsr
IoJrlKHbr
pa3Melllarbcfl
tax,
uto6bI IIX
Kpaf
gaxBarblBaJrlr
He MeHee
4-5
c.nt IJIoUIaAKH
y>xe
]'nJlorsessort
cMecII.
B saegcr.rlrocrr{
or
rurra BHyrpeHHero
nn6paropa
paccroflHl'Ie nepecranoBlill
xone6.nercg
or
25
to
60
cnt.
flpu
nepecraHoBKe
nra6parop
BbTHHMaIoT
H3
yn"rlorHqeutoft cMecn MeA-
.r-I€HHo,
6es
sttxnlorreHufl
ABHrareJIfl,
uto6rt
ilycrora
rIoA IlaKoHerIHHKoi\I
cMorJra
3arroJtHflTbcq
ynrorHqelrofi cMecblo.
Bn6pupoeaHlde
Ha
xa>rAofi
no-
3UI\UI4
3aKaHr{HBaeTCfl
nOCJIe
ilpel(paqeHHfl oceAaHl',lfl
cMecH Il
floflBJleHl{fl
pacrBopa
(ueueHruoro uo,toxa)
Ha
noBepxHocrH 6eronHofi
cNIecI4.
Brl6pn-
poBaHHe BHyrpeHu,urvu
yu6paroparirr
ilpoAoJl)Kaercs
l5-30
ceK H rloBepx-
HocrHbII\IIt
25-40
cerc.
flpr
6eroHupoBaH:aH
MaccHBHbIx
KoHcTpyxqufi,
creH,
QylAanaeuroe
LI
T.
n.
6broHnaq
cMecb
yKJraAbrBaercs
cJIoflMH
roJlu{uuofr
30-50
c.nt.
Tonrt\u-
rra
cJroeB 6erouHor?
cMecu
ilpr{
BHyrpeHHeM
nI.r6pnpoeaHIIII
He
AoJI}KHa
npe-
Bbrrrrarb
1,25
Lnuulr
pa6ouefi
qacru
eu6paropa.
llpn
lloBeDxHocrl.olt
nu6-
pHpoBaHIIH
B HeapMI{pOBaHHbIX
KOHCTpyKIIHflX
Hd'IlI
KOHCTpyK-IIH-flX
C
OAH-
iroqnofi
apnaarypoft
ro"rru1usa
cJroeB
AodT)KHa
6urn
He 6o"ryee
250 .ttttt,
a
B
KoHcrpyKrrl4flx
c
Aeoliuofi
apuarypoft
-
120 un.
Ceb6ogHoe
c6pactrBaHze
6eroua
pasper[aercfl
c
Bblcorbl
He 6o"uee 3
,tz.
Iipu nolaqe
6erounorlt
cuecu
no
BeprI,IKaJIbHbIM
xo6oratt
H JIorKaM
c
npnMeHeHuem
ez6par\krw
unu
6ez
Hee
Bblcora cnycKa
He_orpaHHql4Baercfl.
-
B
BeprriKaJrbHbre
KoHcrpyKqnu
6eroHHylo
clrecb
Heo6xoAliMo
yKJIaAbI-
Barb
c co6nrcAeuaeM
cJIeAyrctrIHX
rpe6oeaHufi:
a) BbrcoKve
KoJroHHbr
AoJrxHbr
6erouttpoBarbcq
yqacrKaMu
entcorofi
He
6o.nee
5 Jrt,
a creHbl I4
rleperopoAKu
-
He 6onee
3 n;
6) KoJIoHHbI
co cropoHaMr.r.cerreHnfl
MeHee
O,4
tt II creHbl
I'I"'IH nepefo-
poAKH
rolullruorl
MeHee
0,15
,ut,'
a
raKlKe
KoJIoHHbI
"nro6oro
ceqeHHfl
c
IIepe-
KperrlnBaroquMucs
xoMyraMH
apMarypbl
AoJDKHTI
6eroHnpoBarbcff
c6ory
yrracrKallu srtcorofi se
6otee
2 a.
-
MoHoJIr'ITHaf
6erounas
KoHcrpyKqHfl
Mox(er 6srrn no,rlyrleHa
roJIbKo
B
ToM
c.rryrrae,
ecJrn
Ka>K4nui
c.ncfi 6eronHofi cMecn
TU{areJIbHo
nponu6pa-
poBaH no
scefi nJrouIaAH r.r
ecJrH oArzH cnofi
nepeKpblBaercfi
ApyrnNI
no ncefi
nJroilraAlr
H
Ao
HaqaJla
cxBarblBauus
6eroHa B
HHxed'IelKaIrIeM
cJIoe. Cpox
HaqaJIa
cxBarbIBaHHq 6eroua
gaBHcLIT
or
copra
v
MapKH
npzl\IeHfleMofo
rreMeHTa
H
Ten{fieparypbl, npI{
Koropol? npozsnoAHTcfl
6erouupoBaHI{e.
Ceoficrna
ueMeHTa,
BJrrrflroulae
Ha
cpoKr.r nepeKpblTufl
cJIoeB
6eroHupo-
BaHHf,
OIIeHLIBanTCfl
[OKa3aTeJIel\{
<<HaqaJIO
CXBaTbIBaUlln>>.
!,,r4
yKJIaAKI'I
6erouHoft
cMecu.
rrpr.rroroB.neusoli Ha
ueMeHTe
co
cpoKo\I
Har{aJIa cxBarbl-
BafiHfl MeHee
2,5 u,
MoryT 6urn
AonyxleHbl
cJIeAyIoqI{e
cpoKn.
nepeKpblTntl
cJroeB B
3aBHC'HMOCTLI OT
TeMnepaTypbl
Hapy)KHoro
Bo3Ayxa:
202
f ttaaa XI.
EerounbLc LL
crcelteaoderonnote
pa6oraL
Terrlneparypa
Hapy)KHofo
Bo3Ayxa
e
oC
flpe.LutrHltil
cpox nepeKpbITHtt c.loeB B
't
VxasaHHHe
3Aecb
cpoKu
ycraHoBJreHbr
HcxoAff
H3
rIpeAIIoJIoxeHHfl,
qro
6erouHas cMecb
HaxoAHTcfl
B
rryrn se 6o.nee 30
ttutt. Ec.'u-t
npoAoJI)KHTeJIb-
10
15 20
2
1,75
I,5
25
30
1,25
I
$
72.
Yt;aa)Ka u
!/trrloruaruue
6cronruort cuecu
203
Hocrb
rpaHCnoprrrpoBaH[Ifl
6o,rture,
ueo6xoAltMo coorBeTcrBeHHo
coKpaTrrTb
Bperlff ileperipblTHfl
cJIoeB.
Ec.'rn ilo
vcJroBugn{
npoH3BoAcrBa
pa6or
HeBo3rvlo}KHo
co6"rrccrr4
ycra-
HOB"rreHHbre
cpor{r4
nepel(pbrTHfl cJroeB,
To IIo
yKa3aHHIO
,ra6oparopuu
Heo6-
xoAHr{o
ycrpaLrBaTr
e
6eroHr{pyeMbrx
KoHcTpyKqHflx
pa6ourre
rrrBbr.
flpn
ycrpoftcrne
pa6ouux rrrBoB s
6anxax
noBepxHocrb
Hx
AC"rIlKHa
6rtrn
flepneH-
AIIKY.IIflPH'A
OCil
sTHX
gJICMCHTOB,
A B IJII{TAX fi
CTCHAX
-
NCPIICHAHKY.TgP-
Ha r{x rroBepxHocrH.
PasMe[{eHue
pa6our4x
rrrBoB
AoJr}KHo
coorBercrBoBarb
YKa3aHuflrr
B
npoeKTax n rpe6ooanH-flM
Texnnr{ecKux
ycdloB}rfi
ua npoll3BoAcrBo
n
flprre}i-
xy 6eroHublx
H xe,reso6eroHHblx
pa6or.
Boso6rioeJreHne
6erounponaHHn
xeneso6eroH,Hblx xoHcrpyxquft
ttoc.ie
nepepblBa
npoAoJrx(HTed'ibHocrbrc
6o.uee
2 w
gonycKaercfl
To.TbIio
nocdTe
Ao-
crr{)KeHr4fl
y,rro)KeHHbrna
6erosoM
npoqHocrr{
Ha
c>I{arne He i\reHee 12
rcf
lctt2.
I_lpu
ycnoBHrr
rrpHHflTrrfl
Mep
rrporHB corpflceHllrl u
apyrux
rrexaHplqecKttx
eosAerlcrsuir,
xoropble
Moryr Hapy[Il4rb
crpyKrypy
yJlox<eHHoro
6etoua,
BosrrolKHo
eoso6nosresue
6eroHrlpoBaHl.rfl
IIpH npoqHocru
Ha
cx(arne
II
\te-
nee l2
rcflca2.
EerouirpoBaHrie
B noABH)KHofi ona"ny6xe
4o"nxiHo
rrpon3BoAr.ITbcfl c co-
6nrcAeHraerr
c,'reAyloulnx
rp
e6
osaruil.
a)
ona;ry6xy
cJreAyer
[oAHHMarb
co
cKopocTblo, lrcxrrcqaronlefi Bos-
llox<Hocrb
crreil,'IeH,Hrr
yd'Iox{eHsoro 6eroHa
c oIIaJly6xofi H IIoBpeN(AeHI4fl
efo
no
BbrxoAe r.r3 onaJry6xu;
Bo BpeMfl
rlepepblBos e 6eroHHpoBaHIIII
creH
He-
o6xoAl.trvro
MeAJreHHo
noAHHMarl ona,ny6xy
B
Ter{eHHe Bcero
nepl{oAa cxBa-
TbrBaHl{_fl
UeMeHTa;
6)
ypoBeHb
6eroua
B noABuxnofi
onany6xe
go.rrxeu
noAAep>KnBarbcfl
ua 200-250
an H,H)Ke
BepxHero
Kpafl ona.uy6xll;
n)
6erouuyn
cMecb
ueo6xoAlrMo
yKJraAbIBarb
cJroflMr{
eucoroft
0,2--
0,3
tvt;
r) K
yr{.rraAKe
cJreAyroulero
rro
Bbrcore cJro.fl
pa3peilraeTcfl
ilpncrynarb
TOJTbKO nOCJre
yIKilaLKr4 npeAblAyulero
cJIofl
Ha 3aAaHHyIo
Bblcory
no
BCe-
My nepHMerpy
orIaJIyoKLI.
llpu,unr,rreJrbHblx
flepepblBax e
pa6ore
no.
6erouupoBaHlllo coop]'xie-
uuft
p.in
ayquero
conpfl)KeHr,rq
paHee
yJro)KeHHoro
6eroHa
c H,oBbIM Heo6-
xoAHMo
[oBepxHocrb
craporo 6eroHa
I{
Bblcrynarcu{He
crepx(Hn
apMary-
pbr
or{Hcrr.rrb
or o6pasoaanrueircs
rIeMeHTHofi
n.neuxa H
px{aBr{I'IHbI;
npex-
Ae
r{eM
npucryflHTb
K
AaJrbHefiureuy
6eroHIapoeaHI,IIo,
rpe6yercn noJlH'ocrbto
yAailnrb
rrecoK,
pxaBrrflHy
H KycorIK[
6eroua.
flpu 6o.nuuron o6renre
pa6or
nJIeHKy
H
plKaBr{nHy
cJreAyer
yAaJrflTb
MexaHI,I3HpoBaHHbIM
cnoco6ottt, a
IIpH
MaJroM
MoxHo
H BpyqHylo
c fiocJle4yrcqefi
npoAyBKofi
o.rHUIeHHoti
nonepx-
HocTn
cxarblM
Bo3Ayxol\I
H ilpollblBxofi
eoAol?.
flepe4
yr"la4xoft
HoBoro
c.[oq 6eroHa
noBepxHocrb
craporo
6eroHa
IIoKpbIBarcT
I{eMeHTHbiM pacrBo-
poM ToJrrr{uuoit
l-2
cn
c
rrrIareJIbHbIM
3arIoJIHeHI4eM Bcex HeponHocreft.
-
BaxyyMHpoBaHHe
-
sro npoqecc
ynJrorHeHnfl
6erouHorl
crrecu
flpH
rlo-
rlroulz
cneqtraJrbHbrx
BaKyyM-oIIaJIy6oqHux
IqI,IToB, BaK)ryM-HacocoB
H
Apy-
rax
npHcnoco6,neuuft.
flpr.r BaKyyMHpoBaHLIH
yAaJlflercfl
Its66lroqH'afl
Bo.{,a
1.1s
6eroHa,
Heo6xo4nrafl
4nn
y,uo6oo6pa6atblBaeMocru H
HBIrr4I]rHfltr
r,"rs
ero
rBep.[eHr{fl.
BaxyyuuooBaHne
vcKopfler
rBepAeHLIe
6erosa
II
IIoBbI[taer
ero flJToTHOCTb
H
rlpOqHOCTb.
flpouecc
6eronupoBaHrfl.
c
nplrN{eHeI{HeM
BaKyyML{poBaHIIr
rporeKaer
B cJreAyroqei\{
[opflAxe.
BeroH,HsfI cMecb
yKJIaAbIBaeTctI
B ona.'ry6xy,
UIlIrbl
xoroporl
rr\reror
BaKyyM-fioJrocrb,
cocrorulylo
H3
4eyx
cJIoeB
NIeraJIJILIqec-
xofi cerxrr,
noKpbrrofi
Qn,rnrpoBaJrbHoft
rxaHnro. 3ra TKaHb
nperlflTcrB)'er
3agacbrBaHilIo
qeNIeHTa
I4
ApyrHX
MeJIKLIX
qacTHII
6eronsofi
CNlecH
B
npo:
qecce
BaKyyMHpOBaHVfl.
l4+
204
fnaaa
XI.
Eerounue
u ilceneso1eronnote
pa1orbt
V.noxeusylo
B BaKyyM-ofiaily6ry 6eroHuyro
cMecb
npeABapureJrbHo
yrr-
norHflIor
npH
aolrotrlH
BH6paTopoB, a
SaTei\r
BKfirorrarcT
B
pa6oTy
BaKyyrvr-
Hacoc, Koropblri
orcacbrBaer
r43 cMecr{ BoAy H Bo3Ayx.
flol
aeficrBneM
ar-
ItocQepnoro
AaBJreH'Hfl,
Ha olraay6Ky
npoH3BoAHTcfl
AorroJrHHTeJrbHoe
y[/ror-
HeHIle
6eroHuori
cMecn, B
pe3yJrbrare
r(oroporo
6eron
s 2-3-AHeBHoM
Bo-
3pacre
nofiyr{aer
npoqHocrb, Ha
40-600/0
6d.rrnruyro
no cpaBHeHr{ro
c 6ero-
HOM,
He
noABepraBrrrHltlcr
BaKyyMHpoBaHr.rro.
BaxyyrvrupoBaHne
6erona
AoJr)KHo
ilpou3BoAlrrbcfl
c co6.[ro.a,eHr.reM cJre-
Ayrott1ax
rpe6onaHarl:
a)
BaKyyMIipoBaHHbIe
noBepxeocrH
Ao.nlr(Hbr
6urn
poBHbrNr[r,
a BaKy-
yM-onaJry6xa
Ao"nxHa
nJrorHo
rrpnJrerarn x
6eroHy
H He
AorycKarb
npoca-
cbIBaHHfl BO3Ayxa
B
BaKyyI\{-IOJTOCTH;
6)
6erounas
cllecb
AoJIxHa
6uru npeABapureJrbuo yn/roTHeHa
su6pa-
TOpaMrr;
a) BaKyyMHpoBaHHe
cJreAyer
Har{HHarb He rro3Agee
qeM
qepe3
15 uun
IToo-r0
oKoHqaHHn
nu6pupoBaHuff
H
ocyu{ecrBJrflTb npH
pa3pfl}KeHHI{
B
Ba-
I(yyM-noJIocrH
He MeHee
350 uu
pr.
cr. nprr npHrreHeHHH
r{pynHonaHe,rrbr
HbIx BaKyyIII-ITIHToB
rr He
r,reHee
500
.4ril
pr.
cr.
nprr [pzr\,reHeHntr MeJTKHX
BaKyyM-uIlrToB.
BaxyyrulrpoBaHHe
3HaqHreJrbHo
ycKopner
o6opaquBaeMocrb
onaly6xn,
a
B
pflAe
cryqaeB no3BoJIEer
cHHMarb
ona.rySxy rorr{ac
x(e
nocJre efo
OKOHqAHHq.
BaxyyiltnpoBaHrle
KoHcrpyKuuir
u
HeAeri.rri
pa3penaercfl
rrpon3BoAtlrb
nocJle rpoBepKH
KarrecrBa
BaKyyMHpoBaHHoro
6eroHa
.na6oparoprrefi.
flpea-
BapHTeJIbHaff
npoBepr(a
He
rpe6yerca
npn
npHroroBJreHHH
6erouon
Ha [opr-
.IIAHIUCMCHTE
H
IIIJIAKONOPTJIAHAIICMEHTC.
s
73.
3HMHEE EETOHHPOBAHHE
flporasao4crno
6eroHHbrx
v xeJre3o6erousux
pa6or
B
BHMHee BpeMrr
rpe6yer
npoBeAeHun pflJ.a
rexu,r{qecKux
H opraHH3ar{HoHHbrx Meponpna'tuit,
o6ecne.runa roIrIHX
H aAJre)Kaulee
Kar{ecrBo Bo3BoAHN,rbrx
coopyxeH nfi
"
Tnepleuue
6erousoli
cuecz nptr reMileparype,
6ruexoit
x 0"
C, saMeA-
Jlrercfl,
a
trpu 6o.nee
HH3KHx reMflepaTypax
H rrpu
orcyrcrBr{H
cneqr{aJrb-
Hux
4o6aBoK
npohcxoAHT
3aMep3aHHe
6erosa
c
noJrHbrM
rrpeKparqeHn€ru
TBepAeHHq.
flocre
orraaBaHnfl
3aMopox(eHHoro B
paHHeM
Bo3pacre
6ero-
Ha
w noBbIIueHHfi
TeM[eparypbr
npoqecc
rBepAeHHfl eoso6Hosr'rffercfi,
Ho
KoHequar nporrHocrb
6erosa
ynaelHluraercn.
.
flosrol{y
npu
3r.rMHeM
6erouupon aHun
ueo6xo4unao
oSecneqrrrb
raKr.re
ycnonun
Haxox(AeHnq
yfiox(eusofi
6erosuofr
cMecu,
,rro6nr
upoqecc
ee rBep-
AeHHfi
He
npeKparrlaJrcfl
no
xpafiHeft
uepe
Ao
rex
nop, hoxa 6eroH
He
Ao-
crnrHer
500/o
Pacqersofi
ilpoqHocrll,
a ecJru xe.teso6eroHHafl KoHcrpyKrlafl
HarpylKaercs splMofi,
ro
6eroH
AoJrx(eH
npr.ro6pecrn 1000/6-uyro pacrrerHyro
npoqHocTb.
BcfleAcrs[e
pa3Hocru
reMneparyp yJro]KeHHofi
6erounofi crrecn
H
Ha-
pyxHono
Bo3Ayxa
rponcxo,4uT
oxJrax(AeHue
aa6erounponauHofi
KoHcrpyK-
L\HH vr norepd renJra
rrepe3
HapyxHbre
rroBepxHocrr.r.
3ra florepff 6y4er
reM
HHTeHcHBHee,
qelr
6orrnrue MoAyJrb
noBepxHocTn
sa6eroHnpoaaHHoil
KoHcrpVKrIHI{
(nroly.nt
noBepxHocrr{-orHorrreHue
rto-
BepxHocrn
6eroHuorlr
KoHcrpyKrlHH
B KBaAparHbrx
Merpax
x ee
o6teMy
B Ky-
6nqecxux
lrerpax).
Mo,uynu rroBepxHocTH
r\raccprBHbrx
KoHcrpyxqaft,
TaKHx, xax
6onnuue
Qyn4arueHTbr,
onopbr MocroB
H T. n.,
qarqe
Bcero
He
npeBbrrxaer
5,
TorAa
KaK
MoAyJrb noBepxHocrH
KoJroHH,
creH H nepexptrrufi
pe3epByapoB,
or-
crofiuuxoB
[I
Apyrux
Bo,lonpoBoAHo-KaHaJrH3aqHoHHbrx
coopyx<eHuri
o6srq-
Ho
6usaer
6o.rree
10.
$
73.
Suuuee
6eronupzaaHue
205
llpn
raxoM
MoAyJIe noBepxHocru
Bo3HHKaer
Heo6xoAHMocrb
npu
dero-
HHpoBaHHH
BoAorlpoBoAHo-Kauanrsa\.HoHHbrx
coopyx(eHui4
e suNrHee
BpeMt
o6ecneqarb Hapacraune ueo6xoAl.ttuofi
nporlHocru
B
HcKyccrBeHHo
co3AaBa-
eMOfi
renJroBJraxuori
cpeAe.
EeroHur_re
pa6oru
npu cpeAuecyrouuori
TeMneparype
Hapy)KHoro
Bo3-
Ayxa
Hl.rx{e
5"
C H
rinHtMa.ryluofi
cyrovuoft
reuneparype
uax-e'-3"
C
,uo.rr-
6)
/70
t-t
t
Jrt
Pnc.
147.
Cxetra
ycrpoficrna
napoBbrx py6aurex
a, 6-
coorBercrBeHHo
pa3pe3
,\r
ttJra*
onaly6xu
4aa
o6orpeaa
KoJroHH;
a
-
npoAorbHuft
parpea
onary6xn
_4.m
o6orpeaa
pe6plrcrrrx'neper<psrriifil
I
-
ru6xufi
ruJraHr-;
2
-
aa_rayuJxa:
3, 6
:-
yre'n;renuire
'runrorl
4,
io:
oiii_
xu;
5,-
xoHolarKa
uteaefi
dofi.ro*o*:
7
-i
no4xla4xr;
'a
_
iruir'.rr
,;--o;-
coK;
9
-
ToJrb; ,l/
-
TeMneparypHbre
creaxuHtr.
Vgel'A
_
ycrportcrao
?o_
poOKH
TeMneparypHofi
CKBa)KHHbr
xHbI
npoHSBo.(llrbcs
c noAorpeBoM
MarepHaJroB
I{ BbrAepxHBaHHeM
6eroHa
trpu noJrox{HTeJrbHbrx
reMneparypax,
noxa
oH He
AocrHruer o6yc"uoeneuHoft
IIpOeKToM
LIJIH
TeXHHTIecKHMa
yCJIoBIIflMU
nporIHOCTLI.
flecoK
H
rpaBgfi
no-
AorpeBarorcff
Ao_reMrreparypbr
or 20
lo
50"C,
a BoAa-Ao
rer4neparypbr
or
40
Ao
80"
C. IlerureHr
He rroAorpeBaercrr.
ilpo,qolx<I'ITeJlbHocrb
nepeMewHBaHufr
6erouHoli
cilIecfi
s 6eroHolre-
UIaJIKaX
B 3I'IMHee
Bpe_yff
ilo
cpaBHeHHro
c
JrerHHM yBeAHqHBaeTCr
rrpHMep-
no s 1,25-1,5
pasa.
Kysona
aeroMo6n.nefi,
naroueiox,
raqeK,
6eroHoeogH,
.rreHroqHbre
rpaH,crroprep_b]
H
ApyfHe
cpeAcrBa
rpaHcnoprHpoBaHHq
6eros_
uori
clrecu
yrenJrflrorcs.
Mecra BHrpy3KH
6erosnoli
cMecn
Abnxnsl
6Hrl
sa-
ruHu{eHbr
oT BeTpa.
flpovHocrn
6eroua
MoHoJrHTHbrx
xoucrpyxqufi,
BbrAepx(HBaeMoro
B
3HMHHX
yCJIOBI,ISXT
AO"TIIKH?
COCTaBJIflTt
r( I{oMeHTy
efo
3aMep3aHHfl
He
Me-
d]
,Q
no
il-il
206
[--taaq.
X]. Eeronnwe
IL
xtccnesoderonuote
pa6orot
uee
500/o
npoeKrHort
r,rapKr.r
r.r
r{e
Hrrxie
50
rcllctvt2.3arp7,sKa
KoHcrpyI(I{HI''I,
3aSeToHHpoBaHHbrs B
3HMH?IX
yc,rtoBllffx,
pa3peuaeTca
npLI
npoqHocTlt
IIX
He
HHII{e npeAycrrorpeHHori
npoeKTol\l.
flplrrieunrcr pa3flHrrHbre
cfioco6sr
npe4oxpaHeHllfl
6erosa
or 3at\Iep3a-
Hr.r-fl : cfioco6
<<replroca>>,
napoilpofpeB,
3JIeKTpoilporpeB, Ten"rlslill.
Cnoco6
(TepMoca>>
ilpr.rMeHsercfl
npH 6eroHlipoBaHHH
I\{accIIBHbIX )*ie-
.ryeeo6eroHHbrx
rioHcrpyKuuft
(6omurrx
QyHaaMeI{ToB,
To.,-ICTbIX
creH
II r.
.q,.)
V
3AKfiIOr{AETCfl
B TOM,
I{TO
TCIIJIO, HCO6XOtrHMOC
Ail'L
TBEPACHiIfl
6CTOHZT
r4 HapacTaHr{fl
ero
npoqHocTr.i
Ao
3aAaHHbIX
rIpeAe/IoB, CO3AaeTCTI He TO.lIb-
KO BCJIeACTBT.Te
no.lofpeBa
recKa, fpaBHq
II
BOAbr,
Ho OHO
TaKN(e
BbIAeJISeT-
cq H co6crBeHHo
6eroHonr
trpu 3K3orepMHqecxoM
Ilpoqecce rBep.],eHua.
!,,rit
yMeHbrxeHHfl
rrorepb
Te[/'ra 6eroHuas
KoHcTpyKIIHfl
3auII.IilIaeTCR
onany6-
Kofi,
yrenJreHHoir
co"[oilIeHHblil{Ll
HJIIT KaMbTIITHToBbIMH
MaTail'tl{. onHi'IKatr{II,
eofi fi oxolvl
LI.rII4
l,a
Iiti v- nu6o
Apyrn
M
N{ arep
Ha,'IoM.
llaponporpeB npuMeHqercfi npn 6eroHupoBaHnpr
creH, I(oi]oHH
pI
nepe-
xpuruft.
A.ufl
cos.a,asws 6naronpHqrHofi
ann
rBepAeIIHfl 6eroHa
cpeAbI
ycr-
paHBaercfl
Borip\-f 6eronrzpyeuor?
KoHcrpyKIrHr4
AorroJrIJuTeJtb*an
o6o,roq-
Ka
B BHrl,e
yrerr.reHHbrx
ulr.iron
(prrc.
I47). B rpocrparicrBo ),f
elKAlr
erori
o6o.noqxofi
u onar,v6xofi
enycKaercfl nap, Koroprrr:r oSorpenher
II
yBra>*iHq-
er
HaxoAsu{uftcq
e
ona"ry6xe 6erou. Taxyro o6onouxy Ha3blBalor naponofi
py6aruxoft.
Ha
prrc.
147,6
rroKa3aHa
KanHJLTflpFIafl ona",ly6t<a, e
xoropoli
nap
npon.vcKaercfi
no KauaJralr,
o6pasoBaHHbIM
cKocoM
AocoK
Ha BHyTpeII-
uefi
noeepxHocrrr ona,ry6ouHbrx
ulrrroB;
cKocbl nepeKpblTbl
no'rocxorl
lI3
roHxor?
$anepnr
ir.rH
Jrr.rcrosor?
craflv. )ru no/rocKH npeAoxpaHflIoT
KarrHJI-
JIflpHbIe
KaHaJIbr
or
3arroJlHeHlifl LIx 6eroHuoft
cMecblo npll ee
)'rI.IIorHeHHH.
,Il,"rra
naponporpeBa
Hcnod'rb3yercff rrap HLr3Koro
AaBJreHHr
(lo
0,7
aru).
llporpee
KoHcrpyKquft
AonxeH
pa3AeJrflTbcfl
rro
Bblcore
Ha orceKrt
Lnwuoit
ue 6onee
4 ,tt
c
[oAa-
ueft napa
caMocrorreJrbHo
B HIIIKHIoIo
qacrb
KalK-
Aoro
orceKa.
B ropIi3oHTaJIbHbIe
rioHcrpyKIII{II
nap
AoJr>KeH
[oAaBarbcr
rlepe3
KaxAbIe 1,5-2 tvt.
SrexrponporpeB
npr4 3HrrHer\r 6erouupoea-
HHI4 nOJIyTII'IJI
B HaCTOflUIee BpeMfl
lxI{pOKOe
pac-
npocrpaHeHne. flpu eronr
cnoco6e
qepe3
cBelxe-
y,ro)KeriHyro
H
yrrJroTHeHHyIo oeToHHyIo
cMecb
npolycKaercfl
gJreKTpHrIecKHri
ToK, Koropuft npir
npoxolr(AeHHrz
rrepes
cMecb
HarpeBaer
ee.
A.rs
e"rrexrponporpeBa
cBe>KeyJIolKeHHofi
6e-
rosrror? cr\{ecu
npHMeHfl}or
sJIeKTpoAbI B BI4Ae Me-
TarrHrrecKHX crepxHeri
AHar\{erpoNr
8-10 f,L.M
krJrry trJracrHHoK ceqeHHeM
25Y.3 trrJrL,
HatrlHBaeNIbIX
Ha
rroBepxHocrb
oflaJry6xu,
o6pauleHHyro
x 6e-
z
rosuorl
curecu,
nu6o B BHAe craJlbHbtx crepNHeft
Ar4aMerpov.
6 iln,3aI(JIaAbrBaeMbIX
e
ronu1y 6e-
roHuoi.r
clrecu.
!,"rr
nporpeBa Ko"[oHH
npHi\IeHfl-
ror crpyHHble
a,'IeKTpoAbI
Hs KpyrJIoir
cra"nH
Ana-
r,rerpoNi or
10
ao
14
nn
(puc.
148),
ycral{aB,'IH-
BaeMbre
Ha
pacrflx{Kax
HJIH
onopHblx crepxHflx
rax, uro6br oHr{
Fre KacaJIHcb
apMarypbl. Olnn
KOHeTI
3r'Iel(TpOAa
BblrlycKaeTcfl
LI3
onany6xlr
AJrtl
npncoeAuHeHnfi
K
oJleKTpnqecxofi cerr{.
Bropsrl,t
3JreKrpoAoM
cJIyIKHT caMa
apl{arypa.
Ecnn
pac-
croflHHe or
3JreKTpoAa
Ao
apA{arypbt 6onee
200
,u*t, To
ycraHaBJ'IHBaFoT
ABa
II.rnI HecKo.IIbKo
TAKHX 3JIEI{TPOAOB.
Pnc. 148.
I'ctauonxa
crpyHHbrx
s.rleKrpo.l,oB
/
-
crp)'HIIbte
3r-IeKrPo,l.bll
?
-
apnarl-pa;
I4
u
2t|t
-
$a'
3bl
$
73.
3uunee
feroruuPolaHue
207
flpi1 6eroH?IpoBaHuH
nepel{pblrufi
u
creu
pe3epByapoB, orcroftugxon,
a3poreHKoB
H
Apyrr.rx
aHaJrofHqHbIX
KoHcrpyKqnli
c
6onlurnlt
NIoAyJIeII
IIo-
uepxuocru
nporcxoAltr
6ucrpoe
oxJ'ra)KAeHne
6eroguoft
ctr'Iecll,
qro
NIolKer
fipiiBecrr,r
ii 3aNropaNirrBaHrrro
6eroua.
B raxnx
cryqaflx
Bo3HI'iKaeT
ueo6xo-
ArdMOcTb
coeNte111euHf
yKilag.K1
6eroHHofi
cMecu
c
gJlel(Tpoilpo1peBoM
H
rrpI4MeHeH?Ifl
onaJly6xu
c
3JIeKTpoAaMI4,
pa3MeIqeHHbIMn
Ha
ee
IIoBepxHO-
cir.i, o6paqesHot2
B
cTopoHy
6eroua.
3;rexrpoAbl_
ycraHaBJIHBalor
Ha
pac-
.toor"ti
200-250
),su
v
xpennr
x
onany6xe
cxo6aiuu,
a
uro6bl
eJIeI{rpoAbI
PHc. 149.
Cxerra
3"rreKrpoflporpeBa
c
rIp[r{eHeHI'leM
paMoqHblx
3JIeKrpoAoB
1
-
J,ouraraq
pava; 2-
sreKTpoAbl:
3- apmarypa;
4-6erou
lre
KacaJrgcb
apMaTypbl,
npuuHBaIOT
AepeBflHHbIe
pefiKI'I TpeyrOJIbHOfo
ce-
qeHgfl.
Perlxu
,io;*ir'or
6otio
ocrporaubr
Ans
o6nerqeHilq
orpblBa
HX or
6e-
roHa
BMecre
c ona;ry6xofi.
S.rrexrpoAbr
H rlpeAoxpaHI'IreJIbH_bIe
pefixu
AoJI-
)KHII
pacnoJlaraTbcfl
BepTHKad'IbHo,
uro6rt
npn
yKJIaAKe
6eroguag
cMecb
CKOJIb3I,IJIA
NO
HI4I\I.
llpu 6eroHHpoBaHI{}I
IIoJIoB,
AHHUI
_lt
nepeKpurzft
HcIIoJIb3yIoT
Aoula-
ryro
paMy c
e.uexrpoAaMr,r
(puc. 149).
KoHull
srleKrpoAoB
nporycKalor
qe-
pe3
orBepcTllfl
B
AocKax
H
Kpenfr
K
paMe.
flpu
Har.naAKe
paMbl
3JIeKTpo-
Abr
rrorpylKaloTcff
n
6eroHuylo
cMecb'
co3AaBaff
c ueft
xopourufi
3fieKTpnqe-
Txutt
*b"tutot.
lloeepx
anexrpo4oB
Hacblnarcr
cnofi
onIlJIoK
roJIUrHHofI
He
MeHee
J.0
c*t.
floc.ne
nporpeBa
sJreKTpoAbI
orKJIIoqaIor
or
cerH,
c HHX
cHI{-
MaroT
par{y
14 owrj/rKr4.
a
3aTeM
U CO6CrneHHo
gJIeI{TpOAbI.
tliH
fieroHHpoBaHHI4
pesepByapoB,
crBoJIoB
6arueu
n
ApyrHX
coopy'
xeuuh
c
npHMeHeHHeM
cKoJrb3rrrleft
ona"ny6xu
3JIeKTpoAbI
HailrHBalor
Ha
noBepxH'ocTb
onaJly6xu,
o6paqeHHylo
B
cTopoHy
6erOua.
B cnyuae
HcIIoJIb'
3oBaHuff
xleraJlJlur{ecxofi
ortany6xu
oHa
Mo}KeT
cJIyxHTb
B
KaqecrBe
3JIeK-.
rpoAa.
'
Ens
ilporpeBa
6eroua
B cKoflb3qulerl
ona.ny6xe
rpe6yercfi
sHaqIIreJIb-
"u"
rout"oato.
3ro
errgllsaer
Heo6xoAHIuocrb
npHcoeAHHeHHfl
K
ona/ly6Ke
Bcex
rpex
Qas,
uro ocyllecrBJlflercfl
AByMfl
ciloco6aMu.
tlqn
nepBoM
cnoco-
oe
K
BHyl'PeHHeH
OIlaJlyUlltr
IIPrrLUEAnnnTI
rrIrvDwA
vArrvII
Yqrurr
u
t+De
^YJ
rue
sassr
coeAaHflior
c
AByMfl
r.r3oJrHpoBa_HHbIMI4
Apyf
or
Apyra
qacTflMH
uapvxnoit
ona.ny6xtt.
flpu
BropoNI
cnoco6e
Bce rp14
Qasu
[oABoAqT
K Ha-
pyixuoir onany6re,
pa3AeJleH.uoli
Ha
rpu
H3o,rIHpoBaHHbIe
Apyr
oT
Apyla
qacrrr,
a
BHyrpeHHflr
onany6xa
rBJrsercr
xax 6u
HyJIeBbIr{
npoBoAoM
cl'I-
CTCMbI.
flou
l.rcnoJrb3oBaHr4ra
MeraJrJrnrlecKofi
onaly6xu
B
KaqecrBe
3JlexrpoAa
ona
Ao.n>xHa
6ntrn
HaAexHo
H3oJII{poBaHa
or
3elIJIH.
lr
{l
208
f,zaaa
XI.
Eeroruruote
u
crceneso6erouuote
pa6oror
I-lpn
6eroHHpoBaHHH
Ko.rJreKropoB,
rouuenert
u
Apyrux
xoucrpyxqull
c
SaM*Hyrrrn'r
o6rellou
60nee
SKOHOMHqH'TM
ffBJrflercfl
npo,.peB
3,rreKTp.fle_
;;y*#te.qcraB/'rrrcul'Mr{
co6orl
cn'parrb
H3
Merarrrros
c
6onbrrrr{}r
corpo_
I-f nnr.oo ^ -,
!lirv.ri;cr
:.[€XTpOiieqaMH
npOH3BOAHTCfl
Ha
OTAeJIbHbIX
OTCeKaX
KO,,I_
ner{Topa
HrrH
ToHH_eJrfl
c
ycrpoli'trnoM
yrenJreHn,brx
neperopoAor(.
Cnupann
l:ffi
"T
""'
f;T
Jfl
o[i,'
ff
f
;
*
p
XX*rr?"#''
i,
o,,
o
"
o
p
u^n
(
p
o,r
u ra ^,
),
.,,--^'l':tneparypa
lgsAyx?
B
orceKax
He
Aorr-
)KHa
[peBbruraru
6O_2O.
C.
O.rierrpuvecxufi
:l-?I!."
rpe6yer
nocronHHoI.o
HaA3opa
H
KoHTpoJrr
3a
reruneparypofi
flponpeBaeMofo
6etoua,
TaK
KaK
a
neperpeu
,
'ru*opaxr.rBa-
uue
6eroua
yxyAruaroT
ero
KaqecrBo.
lrpH
npvMeHeHr4n
sJreKTpo[porpeBa
6ero_
:i^ :."1T:"
rurare.rbHoe
r,'c".r.rarHqecKoe
HaoJIIOAeHIte
3a
c
sar'csM'
u
*ffi:?ffiHt#ffiHn:
rerrbcrBa
u
o6t,eiiia
,
qaiiiia
^""por.uo-rurerq
l:!o.
u
na6opaHra,
HaHM"uouu.irrl
KoHCrpyK_
quu,
o5'nelra
6eroHa
H
MoAyJrff
noBepxHocra,
-1{_eroAa
sbrAep>xaBaHHn
H
auio,
yr{JraAKn
6ero_
Ha,
HoMepa
TeMnepaTypHbrx
cxdar.un,
TeMle-
parypbl
6eroua
e
lrovreHr
yKJTaAKH
H
Bo
Bpe_
Mfi
3aMepoB
H
T.
A.
flpa
.ngqneAeHua
crBorra
AgaMerpo
tr
I0
tt
z
eucorort
SB,l
tt
BoAoHafiopHofi
Our.""
"-Xu_
JIHHHHe
B
3HMHHX
ycJloBl4flx
'6lr,rr
npurr,reHeH
Me_
roA
repMoo6pa6orxu
6eroua
.
r.i,ororoBaHn_
eM
SHepruu
un$paKpacHoro
H3"rrvqeHrro
frn^_
$
74.
Uxod
ea
6ero,
o'r1'
cHrrue
onanu1rcu
u gcrPaueuue
de$ercroa
6eroruupaeauu.q20g
Toqsoe
co6'nrcAeu'e
3anaH'oro
pex{arua
o6ecneqa'aJrocb
3Jrer(Tpor{-
"".
riJ;flT;J#:'X#[#1.JHilX?T:;ni,::1."x?T:p^,::
!il.-t
z
r
-..
:ffi::#'::Hiff
#Jff
ffi'XXt."HX;1X"#i;."?L'""#,"T"':#.*'-,T,"'&X,
q
en
cnn
n
nr
g y'
u
oAcrB
o
p,
b":_
r 9
a
u
u
u[
" "
o?o't
ixl??:iHT1,"t
oo"1f
l-
ercq
no
cpaBHeHHrc
c
"ne*tzM
BpeMeHeM.
flosioMy
coBercK'e
crpo
HTerrH
w
Hayq'ble
pa6orHar'
B
TerIeHHe
pr.a
JIer
E3brcKHBaroT
MeHee
cJrolKHbre
H
oorree
,4errreBbre
cnoco6u
."*"..b
6.r"rrp"
rTirr.
Taruu
cnoco6onn
ro*"o-.au
HTaTb
slrMHee
6ero'apoeaH,e
c
rp'foroB_
JIeHI4eM
6erossofi
cMec'
npH
orpHuare"rlr,Hori
relrneparype
Bo3A)/xa
a3
He-
noAorperblx
M^alef
EaJIoB
H
npHMeHeHHeM
BMecro
o6rrqnoft
npecuoft
BoAbr
He-
;,'
I;iffi f
Tfi?"ffi"_"|
|t'".i::
*"op
"."o.o
"*).0
o
u
u
n,
x
no
p
u.,i.o
H arp
H,l
Cnoco6
aror
ocHoBaH
Ha
iloHHX{eHHH
Tor{Kl
'refi
n
o6
ecn
e'{eH
HH-
)K
HAr(or?
s
a
srr,
H
eo
6xoAa
^,
";
iHtf
;ffi
ff
,ii:i"r?*ffi";
npl{
orpHrlarensHor?
rerunepaiype
.qo
_20;
C
"-n"*..
EeroH
c
Ao6anxur"
do",jrf
o6nuau..
i'*oo*oAauorl
BoAoHenpoHur{ae_
r{ocrbro
H
r\{opos0crolixocrnro.
B
_"3*v*""-"."y"""*
ycJroB'flx
raxofi
6eros
llMeer
[oBblrrleHHyro
ycaAr(y,
a
]o
BJra]KHbrx
yi.nonlrax
H
B
BoAe yBeJ,rHr{rBa_
ercq
B
o6leue
6onltue,
qe*
o6niq;il';ilri.-uo
Harr,q,e
u'
.&orroa*ioxr)>
6etoue
s
6orluoM
KoJraqecrBe
xJropacroro
Ka,,IbLIHfi
H
xJlop2croro
Harpr1ff
cnoco6crsyt"
,*:!lo3I{H
apMarypbl'
qro
oco6eHHo
He)KeJrareJrbHo
B
orHocu-
re.rb'c
roHKHx
creHKax
x-enesd,3.rbr"ilp;;;;;y_apoB,
orcroriuuroB
H
Ap),_
rax
BoAonpoBoAHo_KaHaJrr{3auHoHHbrx
coopyxeHufi.
<<XonoA'rtti>>
6ero'
a
*n6p"atrtnr
xa.rrrq'er\{
u
xJrop'crbrM
HaTpHeM
r\{o-
x<er
6url
ycflerrrHo
ucnornsouaH
B
Maccr.rBHbrx
r(o'crpyKur4rx
[oAnopHbrx
creH,
AJrfl
nonroroBK'
noA
noJrbr,
B
A_Opox(Hbrx
noKp
uiunx,
nJrlTax
Kpe[Jre_
rr'fl
orKocoB
H
r.
A.,
rAe
BrrrcrHue
{gd-r'"*
;;'u*.,
r4Merb
cyqecree'Hofo
3HaqeHHs
B
OTHO[reHnr.r
KopposHH
apMaTypbr.
S
74.
YXOA
3A
EETOHOM,
CHflTI4E
OTIAJIYEKH
H
YCTPAHEHI,IE
AEOEKTOB
EETOHHPOBAHH,
tlro6sr
noJryrl'Tb
6eros
BblcoKoro
KaqecrBa,
Heo6xoAunro
co3Aarb
Har{-
6o'nee
6naronpunrHble
TeMneparypHbre
H
BJlaxHocrHbre
ycJroB's,
n
oco6es-
HOCTr{
B
TeqeHHe
nepBo'aqa.ninoro
qepr{oAa
ero
rBepAeiua.
B
.,rerHee
npe_
Mfl
nns
3arrl,rbr
or
coJrHesHbix
Jryqer?'d;;;
ip""*puruuror
pofox{aM',
Merrr_
ffiffi:[r;o#:o].n"'r,
*uri*^,
onHIrKaMH
HI,H
Aaxe
crroeM
recKa
rr
Vxpurearu
6eroH
ual
uns
6eion"pt"un"",
a
|
0-12
4
nocrle
oKoHqa-
B
cyxyro
noro4y
rBepAer(
)-roAy
-
qepe3
2-]
,t.
neHnut?
na
nopi.,raHAueM(
l:::*
6erou,
rprlroroB-
ToH,
nparoroe,TenHrrfi
sa ,
]HHe
ceMH
cyToK,
a
6e-
PfloIrluuu
4o6aexana',-H
3HTaX
a
c iIJIacTHQutltt-
6enos
cJleAyer
noJr'Barb
B reqe'He
nenRr-r.,..,,o- ^,,.llliTy!.
I5'c
IlBbIIrIe
qepe3
KaxAbre
B.
q
u
He
MeHee
r
_qasa'u-ov;;:;r'r"ffi&lr.#"r::
o#;""i
X;#:;:;,r'rj"1t
B
cvrK''
flpu
renaneparype
uo.av"u
Hr.rx(e
so
c
nonrBKa
He
vx'nalxa
6etoua
B
TeKyqHe
rpyHToBbre
BoAbr,
oco6eHuo
afpeccHBHbre,
He
.4onycKaercs.
3au{nra
6eiosa
or
conpHKocHoBer
I'II{
Aonx{Ha
6tttn
ooecueqenu"u-ttut"He
He
MeHee
txi':-liy"ToBblMa
BoAa-
il?'iJ'[
Jf#
T
;:iii"-:*ffi*
"
o'
o
q
e
M
e
H
r
a
"
J''J#[
"'T'
:riJJ'
f
;;
210
l--tasa
yJ.
Eeronut'te
u
cile,lL'so6crorunote
pa1orbl
V
ra
:r'enn e
HecyftIerl
orl
a /ry6xr
i
)K
e ,Te3
06 eroHHbrx
CTCfi
TO"TIbKO
IIOCJ'IC
AOCTI'I)KCHH'I 6CTOHOII
TPOqHOCTZ
lna
nntn
Li
cBo;loB
npo,rteroM
B
,t:
ta9
or24o8
finn
6aitorc
H npofoHoB
npo.[erorr
,{o
)>
Hecvqtrx
xoHcrpyKrlt{fi
npo,rerolr
KoHcTp
).r\ql{fi
I
onygK2
-
(e
o/o
or
npoer(rHofi):
8 .tr
50
70
70
r00
6o;ree
8
,u
llocne
cH.ffTrlff
onaJ-ry6Kr.r
HHofAa
o6HapyxrrBarorcfl
AeeeKTbr B
6eroHe.
ocHoeHHn4u
aeQexratr{H,
cBl'IAererbcrByrorr{HMi{
o rrJroxoM
KaqecrBe
6eroH-
Hbrx pa6or'
tB"I'flIorcfl
cBHIrru,
paKoBHHbI,
Ha[JIbIBbI,
HeAocrarorIHafl
TSJIIT{H-
HA
3AT{HTH'OrO
CJIOff
I,I
O6HAXEHI{C
AP-X{ATYPbI,
C.IIOHCTOCTb
II
HO3APCBATOCTb,
a
Tar()Ke
HeAocraToqHafl
npor{Hocrb
Oeroni.
cnnulu,
paKoBHHbr
(nycro*r)
"r,
-anaaAa
rpaBrzfl,
He
cBfl3aHHofo
qe_
MeHTHbTM
pacrBopolr,
o6pasyroTcr
BcdleACTBHe
einexaHprfl
pacrBopa
qepe3
HenJIorHocrLI
B
ona'ny6xe
H.III'I
HeAocraTorlHofo
y[JrorHeHlrq
6eroHa.
llocne
cHflTnfl
onaily6K\
CBHITIH
H
paKoBI'rHbI
pacr{HllaroT
pyqHbrM
rrJrg
rrHeBr\,rar'-
r{ecKuM
sy6a"'rou
,I(o
3AopoBoro
6eroua,
nporuparoT
npoBono.{Hori
u{erxofi
r.t
[poMbrBaror
soAorl;
3areM
3aAeJrbrBaror
6'eroHbnr
"oro
xe
cocraBa,
xaxofi
6rtn
npnrraeHeH
npH
6eroHaporaHurl
ocHoBHofo
trraccaBa,
uo
c
6o.nee
Me.rI-
KHM
rpaBaelr.
3a4e,rrKa
cBr{xlefi
u
paxoBtrH
AoJr)KHa [por.r3BoA
vtTbcfl,
oco_
6eHuo
rularedTbHo
H
aI(KypaTHo.
3an4asrreauze
rny6o
Klx-Lt6o.rrruax
cnuqeft
HJrr4
paKoBHH
pacTBOpoM
He
AOnycKaeTcfl.
flerJlyooKl4e
paKoBHHlt,
o6pasoBaBIrIHecr
Bc,rreAcrBae
creKaHr.rfl
r.IeMeH-
THoro
pacrBopa
c
noBepxHocrn
6eroHa,
npornpaloT
craJrbHbrrrg
ruerKaMr.I,
npoMbIBaIoT
u sarlrpaloT
IIeMeHTHbIM
pacinopbli
vIJrH
3arrrryKaryprrBaloT.
Hos4peearas
noBepxHocrb
6eroria
lo.nxHa
6urn
cpy6neila
n iai'ryxa-
rypeHa.
'
HannHsrr
o6pasyrorcfi
npu
Bbrre.
Ke
HJrH
npu_
ue6pexHoft
yKJraAKe,
Kof,
Haff
orraJry6xa
orxoAHT
or
HopMaJrbHl
sy6unonr
He paHee
r{eM
qepe3
10-12
,
MaJrbHbrx
ycJroBtrflx,
qro6br
npu
cpy6z
ulkrir
B
eilIe
HeAocTaTorrHo
orpenrubnr
6
oro'ueguas
aprrarypa
HJrH
HeAocraroqHar
ro"{rq,Ha
3au{HTHoro
c,rrorl
rBJrsrorcrr
pesyv16"uto,M
Hefipaen.'Ibuor?
ycraHoBKri
apMarypbr
ulru
ee
cMe_
uleHr4ff
BO
BpeMs
6eroHupoBaHHfl..3ror
aeQexr
ycrpaHflroT
n),TeM
Cn.rorrrHo_
IO
oIuTyKaTYpHBaill.Tff
IIeMeHTHhn\,{
n2crR^n^^tr
rlpu
c6pacbrBaHrrr
o.ronu
^.-
A;;;;;1i'uo,.oro,
c
HapyueH,eM
,paB'rr
oH
Mo>Ker
ol{a3aTbcfi
B
KJIaAKe
cr'rorrcrbrlr.
Vlcnpauneune
bioro
4eQexra He-
BO3MOXHO,
u 6eroHHble
KOHCTpyxqali
AoJrxiHbr'6rrrn
nepeAe.raHbr
3aHOBo.
r{acrrtn'r
4eQexrolr s 6etoHHnrx
KoHcrpyKrlnqx
6o"nrrunx
pa3rlrepoB
,B-
JIfieTCff
ocna6.neHue
6eroua
e
pa60vnx
ilrBax,
T. e.
B
TeX
MeCTax,
fne
r{Me_
JIITCb
BpeMeHHbre
nepepbrBbr
B
6eroHHpoBaHVH.
B.nnsuae
3TOfo
4eQexra
I\IOIKHO
J[rIrIb
yMeHbuHTb
pacnofloxeuaelr
pa60unx
rrIBoB
B r\,Iecra.\
HaH_
5\
75.
Ilodeoluoe
6eroHupoBaHue
211
rleHL'[Iux
Hanptl]KeHttr'i
s
6eTosHofi
t<oucrpyliquff,
a
rax]Ke
HailpaBr,IeFrrrexl
ruBa
no
HaIIlleHL'|IulIlI
)'CHJIIIflNI
B KoFlcrpyriql'rlr.
Ec,rll
pa6ou*tft
rroB
cAe.-rarr
lie6pexuo,
ro
no.n1.'vaiorcn
4e$exrbl
B
BHAe
par(oBriH,
Koropbre
Aor,rxiHbr
6rrrn
pacr{HilIeHbr
v
gai.enaunt
6erouox{
orIHCaHHbIr\{H
cnoco6anru.
llpovuocrr
6eroHa
yl,reHbrxaercq
npu
ero
3aMep
3aHwr
(ec,Trr
6erosu-
poBaHHe
i(oHcrpvKulrrr
npoH3BOO
::r^:_ialrHee
Bpenifl
Ha
orKpbrroM
Bo3.ry-
xe).
llorepn
niouuocrlr'6yAer'".r,
oorofire,
qen{
paHbrxe
[por43or[,To
3a_
ilrep3aHrre
6eroHa-
Taxrre
i<oncrpyxq.,,r
ro
seeAeHflq
B
3r(crrJryarar{Hro
ro,,,r_
>tEHu
6ltrb
npeABapIITe.xbHo
onpo6onanlr
"
-]o.t.neHHbrM
yBe,rir4qeHrrel,r
npo6nori
Harpvsxlr
rr
AoBeAeHHeM
ee
4o
pacueruori.
s
7s. noABOAHOE
6ETOHHPOBAHT,IE
flpu
ycrpoficrse
coopyxe'ufrr
gnn
npHeMa
BoAbr
B
pycJrax
peK
H B
03e-
pax'
a
TaKX<e
np' ycrporicrse
BbrnycKoB
Or{r4[IeHHbrx
crorrHbrx
BoA
np'xo_
Alrrcr
Ha'
BbrABprHyrbrx
B
BOAOeMbT
r(oHqax
crar'rbHbrx
rpy6
4enari-
6eros_
Irbre
HJrpI
xe,reso6eroHHble
OToJIOBKH
C
yx"na4roti
6eroHnor?
araa"
u
Bo.ly.
to,/
lIO0o,/o
pacm0opo
He
>
3h
npu
hemo4Hoi
irodre
ttc
>12nupu
agm?toi
rnadrc
Plrc.
l5l.
Cxelrnr
[oABoAHofo
6erouuponauza
d
_
nreroAoM
BeprHKaJrr,Ho
fieDelueu{arcil{eficr
rpy6sr;
6
_
r"reroAou
nocxo_
Aqu{eft
3aflHaKrr;
/_craarnai
rpy6a
4nauerprirri
zod_aoo
ilrtri
2_crenKa
of
pa;nAeHrls;rrr."1ffi
f""i1,"."f;f;"#,;f#"#rl*""i#;,{-,.fi:'i,i?
Taxofi
cnoco6
vKJraAIia
cMec'
Ha3brBaercs
noABoAHbr.M
6erouuponaH'elr.
fJoAnoAuoe
6erouupoBaH'e
fip,N{eHflercfl
raK)Ke
rpn
ycrporicrne
AHr{[{
B
KaHanuSauHoHHbIx
HacocHblx
craHIIfiqx,
ycrpaHBae[,IbIx
B
BI4Ae
o[ycKHbrx
Iio"rIoArIeB,
KOrAa
HOlr{
o[ycKHoro
KoaoArla
onycraerc
fl
LO
ypoBHfl
3aJref
a_
Hlija
KpynHo3epHlrcroro
recKa'
rpaBafl
HilH
raJteqlr4Ka,
Koropbre
6ecnpennr-
CTBeHHO
nponycKaroT
BOAy,
H
OCyrXeHHe
AHa
B
KOJTOATIe
[paKTr.rqecKtr
He_
ocyulecTBriMo.
I-{e.rrecoo6pasHocrb
rprrMeHeHHfl
rroABoAHoro
6erouuponaHua
o6ocuo_
BbrBaercr
npa
cocraB.'reHHH
npoeKra
rrpo'sBoAcraa
pa60i
;-;p;..i.nnr.nn
TexHHKO-sKOHOr{Hr{ecKirx
cpaBHeuuli
yxasauuoro
cnoco6a
ao
aodao60nn
yar_
poficrsa
nepei\,rbrqeK
rr
BoAoor.rruBa.
floAsolHoe
6eroHrrpoBaHr.re
ocyuecre,rrrercff
pa3Hbrivrg
cnoco6au
u.
Ha_
:1:91::^:.1.1: :q"MeHqror
ABa
ocHoBHbrx
cnoco6a:
cnoco6
noAaqu
6eron_
rou
cMecn
no
BeprrlKa.rrbHo
repeMerrrarculerica
rpy6e
(t;;.
lBi:b";
cnoco6
BocxoA.fltt{eft
sarrjexr{
(
plrc.
I
tl,
6)
.
faaea
XJ.
Eeronuble
u
)ffe.,telo6eronuorc
pa1oror
-
Enn
noryl{eHut
BbtcoKoro
l(aqecrBa
noABoAHoro
6eroHupoBaLrHtr
cnoco-
6ora
eocxoAflureli
3aJIHBKH
Heo6xoAHMo
yrrJrorHurb
sarpyxeuHnrfi
xpynusrg
3aIIOJIHHTeJIb
nyreM
nu6pnpoeaHVfr
npu [orvrorrlu
sapaHee ycraHoBJreHHbrx
r.r
H3BJreKaeMbrx
B
npouecce..
nu6prEpoBaHHrl
Tpy6,
a
nycrorbr
B yn"noruenuofi
ntr6^rr^^-
:t-
-- - a -- - -
DrtvPnPvIratlfrEru
r'\'aruvfltlull
HaopocKe
3anoJIHHTb
IIeI\4eHTHbIM
paCTBOpOM,
nO-
.(aBaeMbrM
pacTBopoHacocoM
noA
AaBneHrreM Lo
2
aru.
_
flpu ycrporlcrBe
AHHur
B onycKHbrx
KoJroAuax
cnoco6orr
noABoAHoro
oeToHHpoBaHHfl
HHOfAa
HcnoJrb3yroT
fluILtlKH
C
paCKpbrBalou{HMcq
AHOM.
B
gtux
flIIUlKax
6erouHyro
cMecb
orrycKaroT
npH
noMoura
KpaHoB
HJrrr
fle6e-
AoK
noA
BoAy
40
AHa
coopyxeHrrfl,
rAe
AHo
flrUHr{a pacKpbrBaercs
a
6erou
Bblrpyx(aercq.
OnopoxHeuustti
flIIIHK
H3BJreKaroT
AJrfl
noBTopHoro
rrcnoJrb-
30BaHHg.
2t2
$
76. ToprcperupolaHue
u
grctadrca
wnpu4-6erona
2t3
3ror cnoco6 uox<er 6urn npHMeHeH
npu rny6r.rHe
BoAbr
lo
15-20 a,
KorAa
o6opylonaHHe
AJrfl
noAaqn
6eronsori cMecu HJrH
pacrBopa
no rpy6au
cTaHoBHTCs
OqeHb
fpoMoSAKIAnt.
KaqecrBo
noABoAHofo
6eroua, yJro)KeHHofo
npH
ItoMoII{H
pacKpbrBarou{Hxcf
flIJJ.HKoB, HH)Ke,
r{eM
npu noAaqe
cMecH HJIfi
pacrBopa
no
rpy6aM.
S
76. TOPKPETI,IPOBAHI,IE
H YKJIAAKA
UNPHI{-EETOHA
TopxperupoBaHHeM Ha3brBaercfl
npoqecc HaHeceHr.rfl
pacrBopa
Ha
nO-
BepxHocTb
npr{ rroMorrlll
c}Karoro
Bo3Ayxa.
I-lpu
gToM
MeToAe
cyxafl
cMecb
Pac. 152.
Cxeua
ycrauoBKr.r
Arq
ropKperupoBaHHt
1
-
noAaqa clKaroro
Bo3Ayxa; 2-nos4yxooqucrlrreJrb:
3
-
rleuesr-
nyrrrKa;
4-noAaca
cMecn
r{e^reHTa
c
[ecKoM;
5-couo;
6-6ax
c
eo4ofi; 7
-
noAaqa BoAbr
I
l
t
I,
Pnc. 153.
flepegnuxuar
necrHHua
/-3axBar
($uxcarop);
2-nrr4olrxuar
qacrb
recrnnr{br; 3-6lox rpoca
Arfl
noA'beMa
JlecilrHqr,r; 4
-
HarlpaBnatourue
ponHKH;
5
-
n.noulaaKa
orAbrxa:
6
-
Ha-
npaBnrrloulHe;7-ueno4aaxHa.fl
qacrb
necrur{{bt;
8-paMa
ocHoBaHHr necrHHrlbr;
9
-
gsrur.no;
10
-
py'q.rafr
ae6eAxa
AJrr
rroA'ber{a
surAnH}KHofi
rracru
recrHHr{!r;
/I-[HeBMarrrqecKHe Koneca: 12
-laauue
noaKocbl; 13-6oxosHe
rroAKocr,r
2t4
f,taoa
XL
\crouublc
tt Jtcctesodcrouuotc
ttadorot
$
76.
ToprcperupolaHue u
grcttadrca
utnputq-6erorua
Ans
HaHeceHHfl 3alllr.rrHoro c,rrofl, floABepfarcurefocfl
rrcrapaHl{}o
npu
nporolie
BoAbr
(nHyrpeuHflr
noBepxHocrb
Ko,TJreKTopa),
peiiorreHAyrorcfl
co-
craBbr
cMecr.r
or
I
:
2,5
l,o
| :3,75 B 3aBr{cnMocru
or HanpaB"leHnfl TopKpe-
TrrpoBaFrHff.
foeaposxa
qelreHTa
H necra
Ao"rrlKHa
rrpon3BoAnTbct roJbKo no
Becy
c
yqeroM
BJrax(Hocrn necKa. I(onuqecrBo
Ao6aBJIfleMoIi
B cond'Ie BoAbr
He
HOprvrHpyercfl., a
onpeAeJrflercfl
npaKTHr{ecKr4
cnoco6socrlrc TopKperHofo
c.rroff
Aepxiarbcfl
Ha
ropl{pernpyeMofi
noeepxHocrn.
Cyxan cMecb
forcBr.rrcfi B
pacrBopoMeruaJIKax
c
AJIIITe.nbHocrblo
ne-
peil{elrrHBaHr{fl
He
MeHee
1,5-2
JvtuH.
PacrBopoMelxaJrKa,
neqb
AJIfl
rloAcy-
ruHBaHHfl necKa H
Jrapb c cyxHxr
llecKor\r
AOJIIKITbI
pa3Me[IaTbcfl
nOA HaBeCONI
AJrff
3alrlrlTbr
or
AolKAfl.
foronyro
cMecb
Heo6xoAHMo
t{crloJb3oBarb
B Ter{e-
HHC
1
"
C NIONICHTA
CC IIPHTOTOB,TCI{Hfl
.
ToprperHufi clofi
cJreAyer
HaHocrrrb
sa
6eroHuyrc
noBepxrrocrb cpa3y
x{e
flocJre cHflTr4fl
oila"'IyoKa,
3 B cJryqae
3aAepxKlr
ropl{peTl{pyeMaq
no-
BepxHocrb
nepeA
HaHeceHHeM
T0pKperHoro
c,Tlofi
AoJIxHa
Sltru
ruiare.rlbHo
oriHilreHa or
rprr3rl
cHaqaJra
necqascli
crpyefi,
a 3areM
o6Ai'sauneM cxiarblll
Bo3AyxoM
lr
o6nrura
BoAori
rtpn
rroMolrlu
iIeMeHT-nyuI{H.
Taxxe
Ao.{}KFIa
6srrn oquuieHa
oT
rptl3li H
px(aBr{HHlt
c6nax<eHHafi
apMaT\Ipa,
a
pal{oBHHbI
B 6eroHe
loJrlKtrbr
6trrt
rrpeABapHTeJIbHo
pacr{Huletlbl,
o6gyru
cxiarbli\{
Bo3AyxoN{ rr xoporxo
npol,rblrr,r
BoAoH.
fIoAroronJIeHHbIe
K
TopKperupoBaHHIo
rroBepxHocru
seo6xoAni\'ro
npeAoxpaHflTb
or
noBTopHoro
3arps3HeHHfl.
Ec.ryn
npor\{brBKa
noBepxHocrn
rrpoH3BoAHJIacb
ga6raroBpeMeHHo
lt 6erou
Bbtcox,
TO
nepeA HaHeceHrreM
TopKpeTHofo
cJIoff
rloBepxHocrb
6erosa
AoJIx<Ha
6urs
cluorleHa
ellle
pa3.
flpu
ropxperr.rpoBaHHH
crapbrx
coopy)Keunft
noMHMo
yKa3aHHbIx
rlepo-
npurrufi
tro rroAroroBKe
ropKperHpyeMblx
noBepxHocteil, Ha HHX
seo6xoALt-
MO
elqe cAeJraTb
HaceqKy,
qro6st
cMecb
fiyque cxBarl{Jlacb c TopKpeTHpy-
euoii rroBepxHocrrro.
flpu
HaHeceHHr.r
ropKperFloro
cJIofl conilo
AoJIIKHo
6urn
Ha[paBJreHo
no
BO3Mo]KHoCTH
IIepneHALII(yJIflpHO
TopKper:upVeuoft
noBepx-
Hocru
Ha
paccroflHutr
0,8-1,2
u
ot
wee.
/[,an"neHue
B
rre]lreHT-rryrrrKe rrpHHHMaercfl
or
2
lo
3,5
ar
B
gaBrrcllMocrH
or
AJrHHbr
noAaqrr cyxorl cMeca
rro lrrJraHfaM.
Anq
3aAaHI{oIl
AJIHHbI
IIIJIaHfoB
(or
30
Ao
120 n)
-nayneHue
AoJr)KHo
noAAepx(HBarbcq
nocrofiHHblM,
qro6u
o6ecnequrb
paBnoMepHyro
rrJrorHocrb
ropKperHoro
cJloe.
AasfleHue
B
BoAr-
nonr
6axe
AoJrx(Ho
6ttrt ua
.0,5-0,75
ar
6onnrue,
qeM
AaBJIeHIIe
B
ueI\{eHT'
riyruKe.
Topxperuui.i c,rrofi
Mo>Ker
HMerb
pa3fiHrlHyro
roJIulHHy,
o6pa3yeMyrc
sa
oAHH
r{Jrrr
HecKoJrbKo
npoxoAoB. MnHuua.uruas o6u{afl ToirrrigHa 3arrlzTuoro
TopKperHoro cJros
cocraBfiqer l0 tt*t.
MaxcutuaJlbHafi
To./'IrI{HHa
orAeJlbHofo
cJrofl, HaHocHMoro 3a
oAHH
rrpoxoA, He
AOJI>KHa
rIpeBbIIIraTb I
b
it./14.
flpu
o6ureii ronuluse ropr(perHofo
cJrofi,
panHofi
20
.tt.tt
rt 6oree,
cJIeAy-
eT HaHOCHTb TOpKpeT
3a
ABa-TpH
lI
AaX(e
3a
r{eTblpe
[poxo.{a IIpH TOJI-IIHHe
Kax(Aoro c.rroff
or
3-4
ao
12-13
Jrtlvt, TaK KaK
yBeJrHqeFrHe
r{Hc.{a
cJIoeB
Top-
Kpera
yryr{uaer
BoAor{enpoHHrlaeMocTb
noKpbrrr4tl u roJrbKo
HecKoJIbKo
yBe-
irHqHBaer rpyAoellKocrb
H crouMocrb
erax
pa6or.
flepe4
HaHeceHHeM
rialKAofo ilocJreAyloulero
cJrofl
npeAnrgyqnft
Ao,t)KeI{
Rtt^t rrDnovlrary
o nnrr
rnrrra[Lulrv nananLTDev
D
noAnro
nrrrrtrrarr
nr
2rfnqe-
vDIID
JDdtqlr\Itvlt,
q
rrHIr
Adtr!LvtLUrLurA
rrvHvyuruqA D
yqvvrv
vrrru-\LII vr
rqrrrru
uesnfi
[poAyBKofi
r.r nponrbrBr{ori
c
o6qsareJlbHblM
yAaJIeHHeru
cMecl{,
orcKo-
.rpreureft
r{.-rr{ He[,rorHo
cxBarneureficq
c
ropKperupyeuofi [oBepxHocrbto.
lloc.rre4yroulufi
ropxperuuii cnofi cneAyr
HaHocurb
Ha
npeAblAyurafi
uepes
MHHHMaJTbHo
Bo3Moxuorr? cpoK,
Ho He
paHbure
KoHIIa
cxBarbrBaHzfl
UeI\{eHTa.
TopxperupoBaHHe
ropH30HTaJrbHbIx
Heona.ny6JreHHbrx
rroBepxHocreli
MolKHo
HaqnHarb
r{epe3
24-48
q,
a oflaJry6neuuux
noBepxHoctefi
-
Torqac
;"Ke
nocJre
cHflTufl ona.nv6xu.
2t5
I{3
Bt)liyu-lcfo
(o6lturro
ucnteHra)
rI
necr{a
AaBJIeHT{ex{
cx(aroro
Bo34i,-13
flOAaeTCfl
IIo
IILTaHfy
X
Conilv,
fAe npoHCXoAHT
ct\IaqiIBaHrre
ee
no4oI1,
no-f-
eoAllltou
no
Apyron'Iy
xJ.iIaIIry.
Ve,raNiHqet{afl
cMecb
IrocrvlaeT
rr3
HaKorieq-
HHKa
con'la
co
cl(opocrblo
135-170
ulcerc
II
HaHocrrl'cfl
rra
roBepxHocrb,
noAJlex{arqyrc
Topr{pertrpoBaHrzro.
Cx;arlrfi
Bo3Ayx
no,rryqaror
oT r{oMrrpec_
copa
r'r
noAaroT
B
r(.er{eHT-nyrxKy,
e xoropoir
HaxoAr{Tcfl
cyxaa
cMecb, a
TaKxie
e 6ax
c
eoAori.
Cxelra ycraHoBKH
A.rrs
ropKperilpoBaHus
uso6palKerla
Ha
pHc.
152.
llpu
HalleceHlzH
TopKperHofo
c,rroff
Ha BbrcoKrre
crer{br
H
Apyrrre
I(oHcrpyI{ulII'I
HCrroJIb3_yIoT
nepeABrz)KHbre
rroAMocr}r
rr Jrecrr{r.rr{br
(puc.
-iSay.
TopxperHslft.
c,rloii
no
cpaarieHaro
c
o6ri.rurilr pacrBoporr
o6naaaeT
no-
BblrrreHHbi:'tti
ceol?crBaMiI
B
orllolueHliir
cqefi.ueHuq
c
6erouolr,
BoAoHeirpoHr.r-
UaeNIocrII
II rlexaHl{qecliopt
nporiHocru
npn
cx(aruLr
H
pacrflxierrr.lu.
I-Ioeronry
TOpKperHpoBaHHe
IIppIMeITflIOT
AJrtl
rroBbrureHHrr
BoAoHenpoHHuaeN,rocrH
rr
crol'ixocrtl
creHol(
[p]{
Bo3Aeticrerzn
Ha rrHX
fpyHToBbIX
IrJI{
croqr{brx
BoA,
coAeplKalqlix afpeccHBHble
npI{MecH,
nplr
cTpoHTeJbcTBe
rio,'rdTeKTopoB,
pe-
3epByapop,
glcronSrrKoB H
ApyrHX
coopyx<eHuft.
Topxperiir,rfi
c,rorl
s 2^ctt
cocraBa
l:2,5
u I
:3
noa
AaBJIeHHenr
BoAbr
6
ar
s
reqenlie
T
,r
ocraercsr
BoAoHe[poHIII{aeMbtv..
lIo
Apyrr{[{
HcrrbrTarrr.rflNr
ropliperillrft
c.'roft
OT
0,5
Eo
2 c.tt cocral.a I
: 4
nprr
Ar'irire,rlbHocrr.r
iicrrbrraurrl'i
n reqeuile
5
nrecnrien
I{
Bed'IHTIHHe
AaBd'IeHI'ifl,
AOXOAlietUefi
LO
20
AT,
a [epHOAIIqecI(rI
nOBbIUIarc-
uler?cq
lo
35 ar,
o6na\an
no,ruori
BoAoilenpoFrarlael{ocrbro.
Topxpeu'ipoBaFII'IeM
ycrpaHqloT
Frerioroptre
4eSexrbr
B
irie;rego6erousi,rx
KoHcrpyKllliflx,
BbIqBrtIeMbIe
rocJr_e
cHrTHq
onany6xu.
Cnoco6ox{
TopKperr1-
poBaHHtI
3aAe/'IF,IBaIoT
crbIKI{
r c6opublx
}KeJle3o6erougux
ToHHeJIflx,
HaHo-
cflT
3au{IITHbIe
cJIoH
Ha
npeABapureJrbHo
HanpffxeHHbre
;rie.nego6erorJqbre
rpy6lt
H 3THI\'I
>Ke
cnoco6olt
HaHocflT
3aulurnlrft
cnor?
Ha
HanprlKeHglrro
apMarypy
;Ke,reso6eroHHbrx
pesepByapou,
co6paHHbrx
H3
3apaHee
asroro"-
JreHHbrx
,u,eranefi.
TopxperripoBaHHe
ilr'poKo
nprzMeHqroT
B npoMbrxJreHHor{,
rrrAporexFr
H-
I{CCKOM
IT BOAOIIPOBOAHO
-KA
H A JIIZS
A I{HOHHOM
CTP
OHTC,;IbCTB
C.
f.rra
ropxperHblx..pa6or
pexoMeHAyroT
npHMeHflTb
rrelreHT
Toro
)r{e
cop-
Ta
H
I\IapriII,
xoropuli
hcrloJlb3oBaJlcs
rtpr4
6eroHupoBaHrrH
coopy]Ker{Hr.
flecox
nprrrreHffror
c HeoKaraHHbrMH
3epHaMH
xpynHbcrE,Io
Ao
s nii.
Ct"t-
IifltI
KpynHocrb
3epeH
AoJrlKHa
6mr_t
He
HH)Ke
0,35
.ttu.
fipu
nnr6ope
necKa
Hyx(Ho
o6ecne.Iurt
'raxoii
aepHonoli
cocraB,
.rro6nr
B
clreclr
roflvrrarocb
MHH[MaJibHoe
Ko.[I4qecrBo
nycror.
BnaxHocrb
necKa
AoJr]KHa
6trrt
e
npe4e-
JIax
or
3,ao
50/6. Eonee
enalKHurl
necoK
Heo6xo4ztro
noAcvrrrnTb
AJrfl
rrpe_
Aynp^elKAeuun
o6paeoBaHlzs
npo6ox
B rrrJraHfax,
a
recoK
c BJrar{Hocrbro
[re-
uee'3]f
ueo6xo4aMo
yBJIaIKHHTb
HJ:H
paBHoMepHo
rrepe[retrrarb
.
c
Heoc-v-
IXeHHbIM IIeCKOM,
TaK
KaK
cJIHrrrKoM
cyxafi
cMecb
rpyAIIo
cMarIHBaeTCfl
B
coflJle,
c?i"4bHo
IIbIJIHT
npu
HarreceHr.{}I
Ha
rroBepxHocrb,
Aaer
na
uefi
cvxHe
rrfiTHa
H
He cBfl3brBaercr
nJrorHO
c ropKperupvelroir
floBepxHocrbro.
Cocrae cyxol'i
cMecu
nu6npaercq
B
coorBercrBHr.r
c Ha3Har{eHHeM
Top-
KperHofo
c.loq
H
HarrpaBJreHHeM,
B KOTOpOM
BeAerCfl
Topr(perHpoBaHHe.
flpu
uaueceHnl{
TopKperHoro
cltofl.
AJrfr
uoBbrrueHaq
BoAoHenpoHgrrae-
I\Iocr?l xerego6eroHHblx
pe3epByapoB
peKoMelrAVroT
c,rleA\rrorrlue
cocraBbr
c1'xot7.
clreclr:
a)
flptr
ropKperupoBaHHH
rroBepxHocrefi
ceepxy
Brlr.r3
(nsnrrr.e
pe3enev2_
pa
H BepxHfffi no.Bepx_H_ocrb
nepeKpurun),
xo.Au
"6yaer';";*];;;;,i";;-
CKOK MaTeplIadTa,
|
: J,/b;
6)
ilpri ropKpe'rr4poBaHr.ra
creH,
neperopoAoK
H
Ap.v*rrr\
Beprar(aJrbHr,rx
KoHcrpyKtltiii
I
:
4,4;
n) npr.i
ropxpernpoBaHHu
BHyrpeuHeir
nonepxHocrr.r
pe3epByapa
H
Apy-
fHX_
KoHcrpyxqnfi
c HaHecer{Heru
cJrofl
cHH3y
BBepx,
xorla
6y,lir'Har.i6onL_
uuir
orcxoK
Marepuana,
|
:4,5.
216
faaea
XL Eeroxu*e
u taeneao1erouudte
pa6orat
Ec.nH
x{e
ropKperupoBaHne
npon3Bol'urcn
Afir
o6ecneqeHaq
noBbr[reH-
HoI?
BoAonenpolrnlraeMocrn,
To
garupKa
noBepxuocru
Torr{ac
>Ke
no
oKo'qa-
Pac-
154.
Kpenneuae
orKocoB
opocr{reJrbnoro
KaHaJra
c
Ha6pnsrou
6eros-
soft
ctrlecn
rIHeBMaTHqecxnu
cnoco60ru
HecxearnBuurtcfi
Topr(perHbrfi
cnopi
H?Ao
npeAoxpaHsrb
or
cnJrbgoro
*.oxry^j-_rlfRosa.
I-IpH
BHe3anHorlr
naAeHr4H
reMneparypbr
Bo3Ayxa
HHx(e
U
\.
TOpI(peT
HaAO
Hei'i{eA,/IgHHO
VTenJIIITb
COJIOMeHT{hrM'r
r,fA-rAllj'u
(\rrvnvqrttt
H
Apyrz^arr
yrerrdr'rerrffM',
u
topnpet"or.
piooi",
ao"*"r^-e;;;""^il;il;_
IUCHbI.
$
76.
ToprcperuposaHu-e
u
grcnadrca
wnpu4-6erona
217
Bl\{ecro
IIe}IeHTHo-necIIaHoro
pacrBopa
ucnoJrb3yercq
Serounas
cMecb,
AJts
noAaI{H
xoropofi
BMecro
IIeMeHT-rIyuI{H
npuMeHfiercr
cneUHaJrbHafl
MaruHHa
(pnc.
155),
faslrBaeMaff
ycraHonxoir
Ens,
ua6prrera
6erona
n
pa6orarcurafl
rro
npHHrlHny
nrreBMarHr{ecKoro
rpaHcnoprHpoBaHHff
6eroHHOfi
CMeCH.
Be-
roHsuti
cJlofi, HaHeceHHbIfi
npn
noMoulu
eroft
uaruHHbr,
HagbrBaror
urpnrl-
6erouom.
.[,,rn
o6ecnerleHHfl
HenpepblBHocrn [oAarIH
cMecn MaruHHa
BbInoaHeHa
AByxr(aMepHort
c
eMKocrbo xaxAofi
KaMepbr
oxoJro
150 tt.
llepeg
earpysxolr
MarepuaJra B
Marrrnlry
floAaercfl
cxarurl
BosAyx,
BKJrroqarorcff
IHeBMarlrqecKHe
ABHrareJrH
6,
x
con.ny
21
noAaercs
BoAa.
Psc.
155. Maurusa
Ans
noAaqH runpuq-6eroHa
a-o6u1nfi
nux 6 H
d-_pa3pe3bl;
e-co[,'Io;
1-nepxuaa
(npnervnaa)
KaMepa;
2-nu>xgs.s
(pa6onaa)
r<aMepa;
3
-
ao3Hpyroqufi
rapearvarbrfi
[HrareJb;
4--
xopnyi; f
_
noa4yxopacnpeaeJrgre,rruui
rpy6ur;
6
-
nHesuarHqecKxe
ABHrarerH:
7
-
uacaoorAeaxieln;
8
-
sbisHof,
uuairr;
-9
-'varepuaarnuft
ru'riaHri
1,0--retexxa;
11_- cxecxrerb-Eas
KaMepa B
corrJre
c
pacnbrtrrrreJrrxofi
nryax6fi;
12
-xouycnbre
KJra[aHbr;
/J
-
r'rasouerp;
14,
23
-
npo6xoauft
xpaai 15
-
aeHiHru
,u,nfl
Bo3AyrltHirx
4nurareaefr;-
16
-
DbrrraxHae
pyxoqrb
KotlycHoro
KratraHa;
.17-npo6xonuft
-xpan
,qnr
crpaBnfiBaHHn
Bo3Ayxa;
,lE-orBoanbfi
naryy-
6ox; 19
-cercarufi
Qnrurp;
20-uacaenxa;
2I-
Kopryc
conla;.22-neuruau;
24-Bor,fl:g^olt
seHr;;u
EA COIIIC